Yersinia ruckeri infection activates local skin and gill B cell responses in rainbow trout

Teleost fish lack organized structures in mucosal tissues such as those of mammals, but instead contain dispersed B and T cells with the capacity to respond to external stimuli. Nonetheless, there is still a great lack of knowledge regarding how B cells differentiate to plasmablasts/plasma cells in these mucosal surfaces. To contribute to a further understanding of the mechanisms through which fish mucosal B cells are activated, in the current study, we have studied the B cell responses in the skin and gills of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to Yersinia ruckeri. We have first analyzed the transcription levels of genes related to B cell function in both mucosal surfaces, and in spleen and kidney for comparative purposes. In a second experiment, we have evaluated how the infection affects the presence and size of B cells in both skin and gills, as well as the presence of plasmablasts secreting total or specific IgMs. The results obtained in both experiments support the local differentiation of B cells to plasmablasts/plasma cells in the skin and gills of rainbow trout in response to Y. ruckeri. Interestingly, these plasmablasts/plasma cells were shown to secrete specific IgMs as soon as 5 days after the exposure. These findings contribute to a further understanding of how B cells in the periphery respond to immune stimulation in teleost fish.

Automated summary

This study investigates the differentiation of B cells to plasmablasts/plasma cells in the skin and gills of rainbow trout in response to Yersinia ruckeri. The transcription levels of genes related to B cell function in both mucosal surfaces and in spleen and kidney were analyzed, and the presence and size of B cells, as well as the presence of plasmablasts secreting total or specific IgMs, were evaluated after infection. The results show that B cells in the skin and gills of rainbow trout can differentiate to plasmablasts/plasma cells in response to Y. ruckeri, and these cells can secrete specific IgMs as soon as 5 days after exposure.