4.6 Review

Sleep apnoea, gut dysbiosis and cognitive dysfunction

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The Role of Gut Dysbiosis in the Pathophysiology of Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Nikhilesh Anand et al.

Summary: Mounting evidence suggests that the gut microbial ecosystem in the human gastrointestinal tract plays a crucial role in regulating the central nervous system through the gut-brain axis. Dysfunctional signaling in the gut-brain axis has been linked to various neurodegenerative, neurodevelopmental, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Changes in gut microbes, known as gut dysbiosis, have been found to affect neuropsychiatric health by altering signaling pathways in the gut-brain axis. Long-term gut dysbiosis can lead to overstimulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and neuroimmune system, resulting in inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuronal death. The integrity of the intestinal and blood-brain barrier, as well as gut and brain immune functions, is also disrupted. This review highlights the potential interaction between gut dysbiosis and neurodegenerative, neurodevelopmental, and neuropsychiatric disorders and discusses non-therapeutic strategies for their management.
Article Respiratory System

Gut microbiota mediate vascular dysfunction in a murine model of sleep apnoea: effect of probiotics

Mohammad Badran et al.

Summary: This study used a novel approach, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), to investigate the effects of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) on vascular function by altering the gut microbiome. The research found that mice with OSA exhibited changes in their gut microbiome, as well as abnormalities in vascular function and blood pressure. Additionally, administration of probiotics to mice with OSA alleviated these abnormalities.

EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL (2023)

Article Immunology

Antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis leads to activation of microglia and impairment of cholinergic gamma oscillations in the hippocampus

Gursel Caliskan et al.

Summary: Long-term use of antibiotics may lead to gut microbiota dysbiosis, affecting synaptic transmission and behavioral network activities in the hippocampus. Our study demonstrates that antibiotic-induced dysbiosis of the gut microbiome and alteration of immune cell function are associated with reduced synaptic transmission and gamma oscillations in the hippocampus.

BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY (2022)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Gut dysbiosis in severe mental illness and chronic fatigue: a novel trans-diagnostic construct? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Jenelle Marcelle Safadi et al.

Summary: Reduced gut-microbial diversity, or gut dysbiosis, has been linked to an anhedonic/amotivational syndrome, or sickness behavior, in patients with severe mental disorders and chronic fatigue. Elevated levels of proxy biomarkers of gut dysbiosis were found in patients compared to healthy controls, and these markers were positively correlated with the severity of sickness behavior. Further research comparing trans-diagnostic and categorical approaches is necessary for potential advancement in treatment for these conditions.

MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY (2022)

Article Clinical Neurology

Chronic intermittent hypoxia induces gut microbial dysbiosis and infers metabolic dysfunction in mice

Yajie Zhang et al.

Summary: Chronic intermittent hypoxia exposure alters gut microbiota in mice, leading to systemic inflammation and metabolism disorder. Certain bacterial groups are positively correlated with inflammation, while others are negatively correlated. Changes in microbiota mainly impact on bile acid and fatty acid metabolism pathways in response to IH treatment.

SLEEP MEDICINE (2022)

Article Neurosciences

Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia Enhances Pathological Tau Seeding, Propagation, and Accumulation and Exacerbates Alzheimer-like Memory and Synaptic Plasticity Deficits and Molecular Signatures

Syed Faraz Kazim et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the effect of chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) on pathological tau seeding, cognitive function, synaptic plasticity, neuronal network excitability, and gene expression profiles in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The results showed that CIH increased the spread of pathological tau and exacerbated memory and synaptic plasticity deficits in the mice. CIH also had no effect on seizure susceptibility and network hyperexcitability.

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Gut Microbiome in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea

Andras Bikov et al.

Summary: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is associated with subtle changes in the gut microbiome, and further studies should investigate the role of gut dysbiosis in OSA.

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Article Clinical Neurology

Alterations of the Gut Microbiota in Response to Total Sleep Deprivation and Recovery Sleep in Rats

Zhong Wang et al.

Summary: The study reveals that complete sleep deprivation leads to significant changes in gut microbial composition and function, but these changes can be reversed.

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Article Microbiology

The dysbiosis gut microbiota induces the alternation of metabolism and imbalance of Th17/Treg in OSA patients

Fei Wang et al.

Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the alteration in histidine metabolism and Th17/Treg cell imbalance in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients due to changes in the gut microbiota. The results showed an imbalance in the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and an alteration in metabolic pathways in OSA patients. Additionally, an imbalance of Th17/Treg cells was observed in OSA patients.

ARCHIVES OF MICROBIOLOGY (2022)

Review Clinical Neurology

Metabolic dysfunction in OSA: Is there something new under the sun?

Isaac Almendros et al.

Summary: Obstructive sleep apnea patients often have cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, but the burden of comorbidities is not necessarily linked to disease severity. Chronic intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation may contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome through alterations in gut microbiota.

JOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH (2022)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Gut dysbiosis, defective autophagy and altered immune responses in neurodegenerative diseases: Tales of a vicious cycle

Saravana Babu Chidambaram et al.

Summary: The human microbiota plays a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes and is involved in bidirectional communication with the brain through the Gut-Brain Axis (GBA). Disruptions in the gut microbiota, known as gut dysbiosis, contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases by triggering chronic neuroinflammation, impaired autophagy, and accumulation of misfolded proteins. Modulating the gut microbiota through interventions such as prebiotics, probiotics, dietary changes, and fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) shows promise as a therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases.

PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS (2022)

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The relation of dietary components with severity of obstructive sleep apnea in Cypriot patients: A randomized, stratified epidemiological study

Stavri Chrysostomou et al.

Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effect of individual nutrients on the severity of OSA. The findings suggest that increased energy intake is positively associated with OSA severity, while higher folic acid intake may have a protective role.

PLOS ONE (2022)

Article Neurosciences

Abnormal Functional Connectivity of Hippocampal Subdivisions in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

Xiang Liu et al.

Summary: This study aimed to investigate the changes in functional connectivity between hippocampal subdivisions and their relationship with neurocognitive function in male patients with untreated severe obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). The results revealed functional connectivity abnormalities predominantly in the sensorimotor network, fronto-parietal network, and semantic/default mode network, which are closely related to the neurocognitive impairment observed in OSA patients.

FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE (2022)

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Interplay of gut microbiota and oxidative stress: Perspective on neurodegeneration and neuroprotection

Shruti Shandilya et al.

Summary: Recent studies have shown the significant impact of gut microbiota on brain functions, particularly in oxidative stress and neuroprotection. Gut bacteria metabolites play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.

JOURNAL OF ADVANCED RESEARCH (2022)

Review Cell Biology

Mechanistic Insights into the Link between Gut Dysbiosis and Major Depression: An Extensive Review

Sharma Sonali et al.

Summary: Depression is a common mental disorder caused by various factors, and recent research has shown a clear correlation between gut dysbiosis and the development of anxiety and depressive behaviors. Maintaining a healthy gut microbiome is crucial for brain health, and approaches such as probiotics can have antidepressant effects.
Review Cell Biology

The Influence of Gut Dysbiosis in the Pathogenesis and Management of Ischemic Stroke

Saravana Babu Chidambaram et al.

Summary: Recent research has shown that gut dysbiosis affects ischemic stroke pathogenesis and treatment outcomes. The bidirectional gut-brain interactions involve signals transmitted through microbial metabolites, bacterial components, immune cells, and bacterial translocation. Restoring a healthy gut microbiome improves stroke treatment outcomes.
Review Clinical Neurology

Immunoregulatory Effect of Short-Chain Fatty Acids from Gut Microbiota on Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Associated Hypertension

Li Zhang et al.

Summary: The gut microbiota plays a role in regulating host metabolism and immune functions through its metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Decreased SCFA-producing bacteria, imbalanced effector T-helper cells, and increased inflammatory cytokines are observed in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and hypertension (HTN). Animal models show that intervention with probiotics, prebiotics, or postbiotics can restore blood pressure to normal in OSA-associated HTN. This review discusses the potential mechanisms of SCFAs in the pathology of OSA-induced HTN from the perspective of immune system regulation.

NATURE AND SCIENCE OF SLEEP (2022)

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Effect of an Interdisciplinary Weight Loss and Lifestyle Intervention on Obstructive Sleep Apnea Severity The INTERAPNEA Randomized Clinical Trial

Almudena Carneiro-Barrera et al.

Summary: This study found that an interdisciplinary weight loss and lifestyle intervention can significantly improve the severity of OSA, health-related quality of life, and cardiovascular risk in Spanish men with moderate to severe OSA and overweight or obesity.

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2022)

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Gut microbiota in hypertensive patients with versus without obstructive sleep apnea

Dasheng Lu et al.

Summary: This study investigated the changes in gut microbiota in hypertensive patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and found an association between OSA, gut dysbiosis, and increased risk of metabolic diseases in hypertensive patients.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL HYPERTENSION (2022)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Association between obstructive sleep apnea and cardiovascular diseases

Yiran E. Li et al.

Summary: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common respiratory disorder closely associated with cardiovascular diseases. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential for preventing adverse clinical outcomes.

ACTA BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA SINICA (2022)

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Dose-dependent phosphorylation of endogenous Tau by intermittent hypoxia in rat brain

Alexandria B. Marciante et al.

Summary: Intermittent hypoxia has different effects on the human body depending on the dosage. While low doses can have a positive impact on neuroprotection and neuroplasticity, high doses, similar to those experienced during sleep apnea, can result in neuropathology. Sleep apnea is associated with Alzheimer's disease and may contribute to the onset of pathology.

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Sleep apnea is associated with the increase of certain genera of Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae in the gut microbiome of hypertensive patients

Cheng Zhang et al.

Summary: This study suggests that there is an interplay between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and hypertension affecting the gut microbiome. The results demonstrate a possible compensatory mechanism for gut microbiome changes in OSA pathophysiology. The increase in certain genera of Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae in OSA patients may represent an adaptive response to hypoxia.

EXPERT REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2022)

Review Cell Biology

Role of Endogenous Lipopolysaccharides in Neurological Disorders

Manjunath Kalyan et al.

Summary: LPS disrupts host immune homeostasis and intestinal barrier function, leading to systemic inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. LPS-induced neuroinflammation and cell death contribute to memory impairment and other clinical symptoms.
Review Microbiology

Dietary Fiber Intake and Gut Microbiota in Human Health

Jiongxing Fu et al.

Summary: Dietary fiber intake is closely related to the health of the gut microbiota, and a decrease in dietary fiber intake may contribute to the global epidemic of metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. The effects of dietary fiber on the gut microbiota are specific to the type, amount, and duration of intake. Understanding the interaction between dietary fiber and the gut microbiota can provide insights for optimal intervention strategies for patients.

MICROORGANISMS (2022)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Gut dysbiosis impairs hippocampal plasticity and behaviors by remodeling serum metabolome

Guoqiang Liu et al.

Summary: Accumulating evidence suggests that gut microbiota plays a critical role in human health as a mediator of the gut-brain axis. Altered gut microbial profiles have been linked to increased vulnerability to psychiatric disorders, such as autism, depression, and schizophrenia. However, the specific cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this association remain unknown.

GUT MICROBES (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Association of Obstructive Sleep Apnea With White Matter Integrity and Cognitive Performance Over a 4-Year Period in Middle to Late Adulthood

Min-Hee Lee et al.

Summary: This study aimed to examine the associations of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with cognition and white matter (WM) integrity. The findings showed that dynamic changes in OSA status were significantly associated with WM integrity and cognition, and these associations varied by age and sex.

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2022)

Article Nutrition & Dietetics

Overall diet quality and proinflammatory diet in relation to risk of obstructive sleep apnea in 3 prospective US cohorts

Yue Liu et al.

Summary: The study found that a healthier diet, especially one with anti-inflammatory potential, was associated with a lower risk of OSA. On the other hand, a diet with higher inflammatory potential was associated with an increased risk of OSA. The association with diet quality was influenced by metabolic factors.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION (2022)

Article Neurosciences

The Role of a Gut Microbial-Derived Metabolite, Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO), in Neurological Disorders

Sankar Simla Praveenraj et al.

Summary: Trimethylamine lyases are enzymes expressed in intestinal microbiota that metabolize dietary nutrients to produce trimethylamine (TMA). Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a product of TMA metabolism and has been shown to contribute to the development of metabolic, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular diseases. This manuscript summarizes the harmful effects of TMAO on neurodegenerative and sleep disorders, as well as its predictive role in neurological disorders. Mechanisms such as activation of inflammatory signaling pathways and mitochondrial dysfunction are involved in TMAO-mediated pathogenesis.

MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY (2022)

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Trimethylamine N-oxide promotes demyelination in spontaneous hypertension rats through enhancing pyroptosis of oligodendrocytes

Xiaotan Ji et al.

Summary: The study reveals that TMAO can promote oligodendrocytes pyroptosis through ROS/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling and mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to demyelination, which provides a new diagnostic marker for WML under hypertension.

FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE (2022)

Review Neurosciences

The Role of Inflammation in Cognitive Impairment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

Chunlan Yang et al.

Summary: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a major global public health concern with clear links to multiple comorbidities and mortality. This study addresses the role of inflammation in the development of neuro-impairment in OSAS and the association between OSAS and cognitive impairment, providing an overview of its pathophysiology.

BRAIN SCIENCES (2022)

Article Clinical Neurology

Oxygen desaturation index as alternative parameter in screening patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea

Lalee Varghese et al.

Summary: The oxygen desaturation index (ODI) is a reliable parameter for screening patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), showing good concordance with the apnea hypopnea index (AHI).

SLEEP SCIENCE (2022)

Article Neurosciences

Gut microbiota on gender bias in autism spectrum disorder

Xia Hao et al.

Summary: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by symptoms such as social communication disorder, communication disorder, narrow interests, and stereotyped repetitive behavior. The ratio of male to female patients with autism is 4:1, and gut microbiota may influence the differences between men and women with ASD.

REVIEWS IN THE NEUROSCIENCES (2021)

Article Geriatrics & Gerontology

The gut microbiome-derived metabolite trimethylamineN-oxide modulates neuroinflammation and cognitive function with aging

Vienna E. Brunt et al.

Summary: The study identified TMAO as a potential factor contributing to age-related neuroinflammation and cognitive decline. Experiments in humans and mice showed a positive correlation between TMAO levels and cognitive decline and increased neuroinflammation. Furthermore, the research demonstrated that TMAO can directly activate astrocytes, leading to neuroinflammation.

GEROSCIENCE (2021)

Review Behavioral Sciences

The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis: Development, Programming Actions of Hormones, and Maternal-Fetal Interactions

Julietta A. Sheng et al.

Summary: This review discusses the regulation and development of the HPA axis, as well as the impact of abnormal development on neurodevelopmental pathologies in adulthood, particularly during the maternal-fetal stage.

FRONTIERS IN BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE (2021)

Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Gut Microbial Dysbiosis in the Pathogenesis of Gastrointestinal Dysmotility and Metabolic Disorders

Rajan Singh et al.

Summary: The gut microbiota, the largest and most complex population of microorganisms in the human body, plays vital roles in regulating host immunity, procuring energy from food, and preventing the colonization of pathogens. Dysbiosis in the gut microbiota is increasingly recognized as a core pathophysiology in gastrointestinal motility and metabolic disorders, although the causal relationship is still largely unexplored. Research is ongoing to understand the communication between gut microbes and host physiology, with potential therapeutic avenues currently limited to antibiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, and dietary interventions.

JOURNAL OF NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY AND MOTILITY (2021)

Review Immunology

Role of Metabolic Endotoxemia in Systemic Inflammation and Potential Interventions

Shireen Mohammad et al.

Summary: Diet-induced metabolic endotoxemia can lead to chronic inflammatory conditions due to changes in gut permeability, causing toxins to enter the bloodstream and triggering systemic inflammation. verschiedenen pro-inflammatory cytokines, resulting in chronic low-grade inflammation.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

Article Neurosciences

Prevalence and Determinants of Sleep Apnea in Patients with Stroke: A Meta-Analysis

Xiaodi Liu et al.

Summary: This study analyzed 75 studies involving 8670 stroke patients, finding that the prevalence of sleep apnea in stroke patients varies by subtype, location, etiology, and phase of stroke.

JOURNAL OF STROKE & CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES (2021)

Review Clinical Neurology

Relationship between sleep disorders and gut dysbiosis: what affects what?

Bruna Neroni et al.

Summary: Sleep is crucial for maintaining good mental and physical health, influencing hormone levels, mood, and weight. Recent studies highlight the significance of a healthy gut microbiome for overall health, as both sleep disorders and dysbiosis can lead to metabolic disorders.

SLEEP MEDICINE (2021)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Microbial Regulation of Host Physiology by Short-chain Fatty Acids

Bart van der Hee et al.

Summary: The ancestral diet had more fiber, while modern society's diet lacks it. SCFAs produced by gut bacteria fermenting fiber play a crucial role in intestinal homeostasis and the pathophysiology of human diseases. SCFAs can also impact tissues and organs beyond the gut through blood circulation, inducing epigenetic changes in the genome.

TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Associations between fecal short-chain fatty acids and sleep continuity in older adults with insomnia symptoms

Faiga Magzal et al.

Summary: Insomnia with short sleep duration is a severe phenotype that is associated with increased concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in older adults. High levels of acetate, butyrate, and propionate, as well as total SCFAs, were linked to lower sleep efficiency and longer sleep onset latency. These findings suggest SCFAs may serve as potential biomarkers for identifying different insomnia phenotypes and contribute to understanding the gut-brain axis in sleep regulation.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2021)

Review Microbiology

Role of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics in the Elderly: Insights Into Their Applications

Elisa C. Ale et al.

Summary: Elderly people are affected by the natural process of aging, which leads to changes in gut microbiota and a decline in quality of life. Consumption of functional supplements like probiotics can help improve this condition.

FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

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Sleep deprivation impairs cognitive performance, alters task-associated cerebral blood flow and decreases cortical neurovascular coupling-related hemodynamic responses

Tamas Csipo et al.

Summary: Sleep deprivation for 24 hours results in impaired cognitive performance, altered cerebral blood flow, and changes in hemodynamic components of cortical neurovascular coupling responses.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2021)

Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Regulation of Intestinal Barrier Function by Microbial Metabolites

Sweta Ghosh et al.

Summary: This review discusses the recent advances in understanding the role of gut microbial metabolites in regulating intestinal barrier function. While the mechanisms of action of these metabolites are still being explored, they likely impact gut barrier function through shared pathways. Utilizing beneficial microbiota and their metabolites to restore pathophysiological balance may prove to be a valuable therapeutic tool amidst advancing technology and expanding knowledge.

CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY (2021)

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Dysbiosis of Gut Microbiota Is Associated With the Progression of Radiation-Induced Intestinal Injury and Is Alleviated by Oral Compound Probiotics in Mouse Model

Tian-Shu Zhao et al.

Summary: The study found that dysbiosis of gut microbiota occurs in acute radiation-induced intestinal injury, varying with radiation dose and persisting until the recovery stage. Administration of probiotics can improve survival duration, alleviate intestinal epithelial injury, and partially restore gut microbiota diversity in mice.

FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

Article Immunology

Tryptophan Ameliorates Barrier Integrity and Alleviates the Inflammatory Response to Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 Through the CaSR/Rac1/PLC-γ1 Signaling Pathway in Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells

Guangmang Liu et al.

Summary: Tryptophan can enhance intestinal epithelial barrier integrity and decrease inflammatory response through the CaSR/Rac1/PLC-γ1 signaling pathway.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Regulation of blood brain barrier integrity by microbiome-associated methylamines and cognition by trimethylamine N-oxide

Lesley Hoyles et al.

Summary: The study shows that methylamine substances can directly affect the integrity of the blood-brain barrier in mammals by improving its function through regulation of tight junction proteins. Long-term exposure to trimethylamine N-oxide helps protect cognitive function, reducing astrocyte and microglial reactivity in specific brain regions.

MICROBIOME (2021)

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Association Between Eating Habits and Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Population-Based Study

Yan Du et al.

Summary: This study found that consuming fried foods more than once a week increased the risk of OSA, while consuming fruits more than once a day reduced the risk of OSA. Eating pattern III, characterized by animal innards, fried foods, etc., was associated with an increased risk of OSA, while no association was observed for other eating patterns.

NATURE AND SCIENCE OF SLEEP (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Gut microbiota modulates the inflammatory response and cognitive impairment induced by sleep deprivation

Zhong Wang et al.

Summary: The study found that sleep deprivation can lead to gut dysbiosis, inflammatory responses, and cognitive impairment in humans. In germ-free mice, the absence of gut microbiota can suppress inflammatory responses and cognitive impairment induced by sleep deprivation. Transplantation of sleep deprivation microbiota into germ-free mice activates the Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway and impairs cognitive function in the recipient mice.

MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY (2021)

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GABA Production by Human Intestinal Bacteroides spp.: Prevalence, Regulation, and Role in Acid Stress Tolerance

Nize Otaru et al.

Summary: Research investigated GABA production of Bacteroides and its protective role in acid stress, revealing the widespread presence of the GAD system in Bacteroides and its potential as the only amino acid-dependent acid tolerance system in the genus.

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Antioxidant activity and short-chain fatty acid production of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Korean individuals and fermented foods

Chang-Ho Kang et al.

Summary: The study evaluated the anti-inflammatory potential of 17 different heat-killed isolates used as postbiotics, with some strains showing high free radical scavenging activity and ability to inhibit nitric oxide production, indicating their potential anti-inflammatory effects.

3 BIOTECH (2021)

Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Yerem Yeghiazarians et al.

Summary: Obstructive sleep apnea is common among middle-aged and older adults and often underrecognized, especially in patients with heart disease. Screening and treatment for sleep-disordered breathing should be considered for cardiac patients, with follow-up sleep testing to assess treatment effectiveness.

CIRCULATION (2021)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The Mechanism of Secretion and Metabolism of Gut-Derived 5-Hydroxytryptamine

Ning Liu et al.

Summary: Serotonin, also known as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), is a crucial neurotransmitter synthesized and secreted by enterochromaffin (EC) cells in the gastrointestinal tract. Gut microbiota, nutrients, and hormones play key roles in regulating 5-HT secretion. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of 5-HT in the immune system can potentially provide therapeutic strategies for treating intestinal diseases.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

Review Cell Biology

Impaired blood-brain barrier in the microbiota-gut-brain axis: Potential role of bipolar susceptibility gene TRANK1

Jianbo Lai et al.

Summary: Bipolar disorder is a common psychiatric illness with a high disease burden, and gene-environment interaction is considered a major contributing factor to its pathogenesis. Intestinal microbiota can affect the expression of the bipolar gene TRANK1 by influencing the interferon signaling pathway, leading to activated neuroinflammation.

JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Gut microbiota alterations in response to sleep length among African-origin adults

Na Fei et al.

Summary: Sleep duration was found to be associated with changes in gut microbiota composition, with shorter and longer sleepers showing higher levels of certain taxonomic features. These findings suggest a potential link between disrupted sleep patterns and gut microbiota composition, which may have implications for chronic inflammation associated diseases. Further research is needed to confirm these results and explore the underlying mechanisms.

PLOS ONE (2021)

Review Nutrition & Dietetics

Mediterranean Diet as an Antioxidant: The Impact on Metabolic Health and Overall Wellbeing

Katherina V. Gantenbein et al.

Summary: Healthy nutrition, especially the Mediterranean diet, rich in anti-inflammatory and antioxidant components, helps reduce the incidence of obesity, diabetes, and other non-communicable diseases. The MD not only benefits physical health but also improves reproductive health, reduces the risk of neurodegenerative diseases, and provides protection against mental health issues.

NUTRIENTS (2021)

Review Microbiology

Hypoxia: The Invisible Pusher of Gut Microbiota

Ni Han et al.

Summary: Oxygen is crucial to the human body, and hypoxia can lead to irreversible damage to organs, tissues, and cells. The gut microbiota undergoes changes under different hypoxic conditions, affecting overall health.

FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Longitudinal Plasma Measures of Trimethylamine N-Oxide and Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Events in Community-Based Older Adults

Yujin Lee et al.

Summary: The study found that serial measures of TMAO were associated with higher risk of incident ASCVD in older US adults, with apparent modification by impaired renal function, and with higher risk of recurrent ASCVD.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION (2021)

Article Microbiology

Intermittent Hypoxia and Hypercapnia Alter Diurnal Rhythms of Luminal Gut Microbiome and Metabolome

Celeste Allaband et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that obstructive sleep apnea induces global changes in the cyclical dynamics of the gut microbiome and metabolome, increasing proinflammatory and proatherogenic substances while decreasing protective ones.

MSYSTEMS (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Association of Trimethylamine N-Oxide and Related Metabolites in Plasma and Incident Type 2 Diabetes The Cardiovascular Health Study

Rozenn N. Lemaitre et al.

Summary: In this study with 4442 participants, plasma concentrations of TMAO and related metabolites were not associated with incident type 2 diabetes. However, elevated concentrations of TMAO, carnitine, crotonobetaine, and gamma-butyrobetaine were linked to increased fasting insulin levels, indicative of insulin resistance, while betaine and choline were associated with decreased fasting insulin levels and improved insulin sensitivity.

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2021)

Article Biophysics

NMDA Receptor-Mediated Excitotoxicity Is Involved in Neuronal Apoptosis and Cognitive Impairment Induced by Chronic Hypobaric Hypoxia Exposure at High Altitude

Weizhong Ji et al.

Summary: Exposure to chronic hypobaric hypoxia at high altitudes can lead to cognitive impairment, neuronal damage, increased apoptosis, and abnormal protein expression. This is related to excitotoxicity mediated by glutamate and its receptors, in contrast to the chronic hypobaric hypoxia environment at middle altitude and flatland environment.

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The role of short-chain fatty acids in the interplay between gut microbiota and diet in cardio-metabolic health

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Summary: Diet plays a crucial role in modulating gut microbiota composition and function, affecting the production of SCFAs which have beneficial effects on cardio-metabolic health. Targeting the gut microbiota through dietary strategies to increase SCFA production may be beneficial in improving cardio-metabolic outcomes.

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A brief period of sleep deprivation leads to subtle changes in mouse gut microbiota

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Outer membrane vesicles enhance tau phosphorylation and contribute to cognitive impairment

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Potential TMA-Producing Bacteria Are Ubiquitously Found in Mammalia

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Sleep, circadian rhythm, and gut microbiota

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Sleep Loss Can Cause Death through Accumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species in the Gut

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NLR and Intestinal Dysbiosis-Associated Inflammatory Illness: Drivers or Dampers?

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The Effects of Dietary Nutrition on Sleep and Sleep Disorders

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Oxidative Stress-Mediated Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) Disruption in Neurological Diseases

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Sera of elderly obstructive sleep apnea patients alter blood-brain barrier integrity in vitro: a pilot study

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Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

Hypoxia-inducible factors and obstructive sleep apnea

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