PLAGL2 induces nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis via regulating RASSF5 expression and thus accelerates intervertebral disc degeneration

Excessive apoptosis of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells is the main pathological change in intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) progression. Pleomorphic adenoma gene like-2 (PLAGL2) plays a key role in cell apoptosis, however, the effect of PLAGL2 on IVDD has not been clarified yet. In this study, we established mouse IVDD models via the annulus fibrosis needle puncture, TUNEL and safranin O staining were used to verify the successful establishment of IVDD models, and PLAGL2 expression was detected in disc tissues. Then, NP cells isolated from disc tissues were used to construct PLAGL2 knockdown cells. PLAGL2 expression in NP cells was analyzed with qRT-PCR and Western blot. The impact of PLAGL2 on the viability, apoptosis, and mitochondria function of NP cells was evaluated by MTT assay, TUNEL, JC1 staining, and flow cytometry assay. Additionally, the regulatory mechanism of PLAGL2 was further assessed. We found that PLAGL2 was upregulated in IVDD disc tissues and serum deprivation (SD)-stimulated NP cells. PLAGL2 knockdown inhibited apoptosis and mitochondria damage in NP cells. Moreover, knockdown of PLAGL2 downregulated the expression of downstream apoptosis-related factors RASSF5, Nip3, and p73. Mechanically, PLAGL2 transcriptionally activated RASSF5 via binding to its promoter. In general, our findings indicate that PLAGL2 induces apoptosis in NP cells and aggravates IVDD progression. This study provides a promising therapeutic target for IVDD treatment.

Automated summary

Excessive apoptosis of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells is the key factor in intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) progression. Pleomorphic adenoma gene like-2 (PLAGL2) has been found to play a crucial role in cell apoptosis. In this study, the researchers established mouse IVDD models and investigated the effect of PLAGL2 on NP cells' viability, apoptosis, and mitochondria function. They found that PLAGL2 was upregulated in IVDD disc tissues and stimulated NP cells. Knockdown of PLAGL2 inhibited apoptosis and mitochondria damage in NP cells. Furthermore, PLAGL2 was found to transcriptionally activate RASSF5, a downstream apoptosis-related factor. Overall, this study suggests that PLAGL2 induces apoptosis in NP cells and exacerbates IVDD progression, providing a potential therapeutic target for IVDD treatment.