期刊
METABOLIC BRAIN DISEASE
卷 31, 期 2, 页码 249-255出版社
SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
DOI: 10.1007/s11011-016-9798-x
关键词
Inflammation; Molecular modeling; Protein interactions; Binding residues
资金
- National Institutes of Health [NS047661, AR049610, AI042310]
- National Multiple Sclerosis Society [RG-5068-A-6, RG5272A1/T]
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration, Office of Research and Development, Biomedical Laboratory Research and Development
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a key cytokine in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases that attracts and then retains activated immune cells from the periphery to the tissues. MIF exists as a homotrimer and its effects are mediated through its primary receptor, CD74 (the class II invariant chain that exhibits a highly structured trimerization domain), present on class II expressing cells. Although a number of binding residues have been identified between MIF and CD74 trimers, their spatial orientation has not been established. Using a docking program in silico, we have modeled binding interactions between CD74 and MIF as well as CD74 and a competitive MIF inhibitor, RTL1000, a partial MHC class II construct that is currently in clinical trials for multiple sclerosis. These analyses revealed 3 binding sites on the MIF trimer that each were predicted to bind one CD74 trimer through interactions with two distinct 5 amino acid determinants. Surprisingly, predicted binding of one CD74 trimer to a single RTL1000 antagonist utilized the same two 5 residue determinants, providing strong suggestive evidence in support of the MIF binding regions on CD74. Taken together, our structural modeling predicts a new MIF(CD74)(3) dodecamer that may provide the basis for increased MIF potency and the requirement for 3-fold excess RTL1000 to achieve full antagonism.
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