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Review
Cell Biology
Christopher S. von Bartheld et al.
Summary: This study provides a systematic review and meta-analysis on the global and regional prevalence of olfactory dysfunction caused by the Omicron variant. The estimate of Omicron-induced prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in European ancestry populations is 11.7%, while it is lower in other populations, ranging from 1.9% to 4.9%. The global prevalence of Omicron-induced olfactory dysfunction in adults is estimated to be 3.7%, and its effect on olfaction is twofold to tenfold lower than that of the alpha or delta variants.
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Luigi Angelo Vaira et al.
Summary: This study aimed to compare the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction (OD) at different stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results showed that OD was less prevalent during the Omicron wave compared to the D614G, Alpha, and Delta waves, but still significantly higher than the control group.
Article
Neuroimaging
Lorenzo Muccioli et al.
Summary: The objective of this study was to explore the neuropsychological profile and integrity of the olfactory network in patients with persistent olfactory dysfunction (OD) related to COVID-19. The study found that the connectivity of the olfactory network in these patients was correlated with the severity of olfactory loss and neuropsychological performance. There were no significant differences in brain morphology between patients and controls.
NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Edoardo Nicolo Aiello et al.
Summary: Episodic long-term memory deficits are common in COVID-19-recovered patients, with both primary and secondary etiology possibly playing a role. Screening for these deficits is important, especially in patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 and those already at risk for cognitive decline. Different measures of verbal LTM can be used, with the I-level measures potentially being more sensitive.
NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gwenaelle Douaud et al.
Summary: Through long-term observation of participants' MRI images, it was found that COVID-19 infection is associated with abnormal brain changes, including a reduction in gray matter thickness in the orbitofrontal cortex and parahippocampal gyrus, greater changes in markers of tissue damage in regions functionally connected to the primary olfactory cortex, and a greater reduction in global brain size. Infected individuals also showed significant cognitive decline.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Edoardo Nicolo Aiello et al.
Summary: COVID-19-recovered individuals, both at risk (RCD +) and not at risk (RCD -) for cognitive decline, may exhibit cognitive deficits within the dysexecutive-inattentive and amnesic spectrum. Non-instrumental, executive/attentive dysfunctions predominate in this population and can be detected by both screening and domain-specific psychometric tests, although the latter may be more sensitive in RCD- patients.
NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Jose W. L. Tavares-Junior et al.
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between COVID-19 and cognitive impairment. The results showed a wide range of cognitive impairment after COVID-19 infection, with executive functions, attention, and episodic memory being the most affected domains. However, it was unclear whether the cognitive impairment found corresponded to mild cognitive impairment or dementia based on the selected studies, which calls for future research on this topic.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Viviana Cristillo et al.
Summary: This study evaluated the prevalence of cognitive complaints in COVID-19 patients at 1-year follow-up and found that depression is the strongest predictor of persistent brain fog.
NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Konstantinos Priftis et al.
Summary: This study tested the hypothesis of neuropsychological disorders in post COVID-19 patients and found limited evidence. Severity of COVID-19 and other variables were not correlated with patients' scores on neuropsychological tests.
NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Monica Ricci et al.
Summary: This study aims to provide Italian normative data for specific RAVLT scores and composite indices, to enhance the diagnostic accuracy of the test in clinical settings, and to offer further evidence on how RAVLT can distinguish different amnesia profiles caused by focal lesions.
ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Sijia Zhao et al.
Summary: COVID-19 survivors may experience chronic cognitive changes, but most abilities recover within 6-9 months.
BRAIN COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Review
Critical Care Medicine
Ghazal Aghagoli et al.
Summary: This review synthesizes the literature on the neurological impact of COVID-19, highlighting potential neurologic manifestations and mechanisms, and emphasizes the importance of understanding and mitigating SARS-CoV-2-associated neurologic injury.
NEUROCRITICAL CARE
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Rafal Butowt et al.
Summary: The prevalence of smell and taste dysfunction in COVID-19 differs between populations, possibly due to differences in virus strains or host proteins. Recent progress has been made in defining the cellular and molecular mechanisms of virus-induced anosmia, focusing on the role of sustentacular cells in the olfactory epithelium. The potential for using smell and taste dysfunctions as early diagnostic tools in COVID-19 is discussed.
Letter
Clinical Neurology
Valerie Beaud et al.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Imen Kacem et al.
Summary: Neurological symptoms in COVID-19 are common, can occur in isolation, with headache being the most prevalent symptom. Headache, when accompanied by fever, tends to be more severe and present early in the disease course.
NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Andrea Stracciari et al.
Summary: Patients with COVID-19 are increasingly reported to experience various neurological complications, affecting both the central and peripheral nervous system. The cognitive and behavioral symptoms observed in these patients remain unclear in terms of their cause, whether they are related to the systemic disease or a unique neurotropic effect of the virus. Further research and discussion are needed to better understand this topic.
NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Michael S. Xydakis et al.
Summary: COVID-19 is often associated with olfactory dysfunction, providing a research opportunity to study the natural course of this neurological finding. However, limited by sample sizes and lack of advanced neuroimaging data, there is still a substantial gap in knowledge regarding the mechanisms of olfactory impairment. Persistent olfactory deficits post-SARS-CoV-2 infection could potentially be a marker for increased long-term risk of neurological disease.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Andrew C. Yang et al.
Summary: This study found that patients with COVID-19 exhibited widespread cellular perturbations in the brain, including the relay of peripheral inflammation into the brain by choroid plexus barrier cells and infiltration of peripheral T cells. Additionally, COVID-19 affected synaptic signaling of upper-layer excitatory neurons linked to cognitive function.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Naina Bhatia-Dey et al.
Summary: Research has shown a strong correlation between olfactory dysfunction and neurodegeneration, with olfactory bulb neuronal processing serving as a marker of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. The removal of the olfactory bulb results in pathology of the frontal cortex, highlighting the significance of olfactory processing in relation to neurodegenerative disorders.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Shin Jie Yong
Summary: Long COVID or post-COVID-19 syndrome is a poorly understood condition that affects survivors with symptoms like fatigue, dyspnoea, cognitive impairments, and more. The pathophysiology, risk factors, and treatments are still lacking in literature, but potential treatments may include rehabilitation training and repurposed drugs from similar conditions. Further research is needed to substantiate risk factors and treatment options.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Letterio S. Politi et al.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Joy D. Iroegbu et al.
NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2020)
Review
Psychology, Clinical
Patrick Riordan et al.
CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGIST
(2020)
Article
Immunology
M. Almeria et al.
BRAIN, BEHAVIOR, & IMMUNITY - HEALTH
(2020)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Benjamin C. Mcloughlin et al.
EUROPEAN GERIATRIC MEDICINE
(2020)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Marcel S. Woo et al.
BRAIN COMMUNICATIONS
(2020)
Review
Otorhinolaryngology
Y. Soudry et al.
EUROPEAN ANNALS OF OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK DISEASES
(2011)
