期刊
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
卷 57, 期 44, 页码 17110-17122出版社
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05015
关键词
organic UV filter; transformationproduct (TP); oxybenzone (BP3); ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate(EHMC); estrogenicity
In this study, the authors investigated the transformation products of two common organic ultraviolet filters (oxybenzone and ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate) and their endocrine disruption potentials. The results showed that the transformation products exhibited varied estrogenicity, with oxybenzone transformation products displaying greater estrogenicity than the parent compound at certain reaction times. The findings highlight the importance of considering mixtures and post-transformation cocktails in chemical testing and risk assessment to better evaluate the potential risks associated with these compounds.
Organic ultraviolet filters (OUVFs) are extensively released into aquatic environments, where they undergo complex phototransformation. However, there is little knowledge regarding their transformation products (TPs) and associated endocrine disruption potentials. In the present study, we characterized the chemical and toxicological profiles of TPs for two common OUVFs, oxybenzone (BP3) and ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC), by photooxidation under environmentally relevant conditions. It is hypothesized that TPs of the tested OUVFs will show varied estrogenicity at different reaction times. High-resolution liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) identified 17 TPs of 7 m/z for BP-3 and 13 TPs of 8 m/z for EHMC at confidence levels <= 2. Five novel TPs of 2 m/z were reported for the first time with structure-diagnostic MS/MS spectra. Estrogenicity assessment using the MCF-7-luc cell line showed discrepant estrogenic activities exhibited by OUVF-TPs over time. Specifically, BP3-TPs exhibited significantly greater estrogenicity than the parent at several reaction times, whereas EHMC-TPs displayed fluctuating estrogenicity with a declining trend. Correlation analysis coupled with molecular docking simulations further suggested several TPs of BP3 as potential endocrine disruptive compounds. These findings underscore the necessity of considering mixtures during chemical testing and risk assessment and highlight the potentially greater risks associated with post-transformation cocktails.
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