Does eating fish cause cancer? A case study metal(loid)s accumulation in mackerel and sardine tissues from Iskenderun Bay, T & uuml;rkiye

Due to the increasing harmful effects of metal(loid)s over time, it has become important in environmental studies carried out to increase environmental awareness. It is important to investigate the cumulative presence of metal(loid)s in nature, their interactions with each other and risks posed by fish consumption for human health. Total concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn were determined in muscle and gill tissues of horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) and sardine (Sardina pilchardus). Metal analyses were carried out using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectroscopic (ICP-MS) methods. In both tissues, Fe and Zn concentrations were the highest and Cd, Cu and Pb concentrations were the lowest. The target hazard coefficient, estimated daily intake, target cancer risk, total target hazard coefficient, and hazard indices were calculated to assess the risks to an individual's health from consuming fish. Hazard index and total target hazard coefficient values calculated for each fish exceeded 1 but were very close to 1. Target cancer risk values of As and Ni were found to be 10-6 and 10-4 for Pb. These limit values indicate the need for regular monitoring of the region. In addition, the interactions between the metal(loid)s accumulated in the tissues were analyzed and a high correlation was found between As-Ni, which poses a risk to public health.

Automated summary

Due to the increasing harmful effects of metal(loid)s over time, it has become important to increase environmental awareness in environmental studies. The cumulative presence of metal(loid)s in nature, their interactions with each other, and the risks posed by fish consumption for human health are crucial to investigate. This study determined the concentrations of different metals in muscle and gill tissues of two types of fish and assessed the health risks of consuming these fish. It was found that the concentrations of certain metals exceeded the limit values and there was a high correlation between certain metal(loid)s, posing a risk to public health.