The coaction of tonic and phasic dopamine dynamics

Tonic neurochemical dopamine activity underlies many brain functions; however a consensus on this important concentration has not yet been reached. In this work, we introduce in vivo fast-scan controlled-adsorption voltammetry to report tonic dopamine concentrations (90 +/- 9 nM) and the dopamine diffusion coefficient (1.05 +/- 0.09 x 10(-6) cm(2) s(-1)) in the mouse brain.