Assessing the heat distribution costs of linear and radial district heating networks: A methodological approach

In this study, we present a method for calculating the costs of distributing heat through linear and radial district heating networks in areas with low heat densities. The aim is to help planners and decision-makers evaluate the suitability of an area for district heating early in the planning process, taking into account not only the heat density but also individual network design parameters on site. We analyzed the specific capital, pumping, and heat loss costs in a linear network and established a relationship between the distribution costs and the network expansion. The specific costs of more complexly shaped radial networks were derived using the superposition principle. A sensitivity study showed the impact of design parameters on cost components. Our findings show that the specific total costs in a linear network follow a root function with respect to network expansion and are mainly influenced by capital costs. The structure and size of the network also have a significant impact on heat distribution costs. In an example, the total costs increased more than threefold with a network expansion from 0.1 km to 10 km. Besides the linear heat density, other network design parameters showed a significant influence on the heat distribution costs.

Automated summary

In this study, a method is proposed to calculate the costs of heat distribution in linear and radial district heating networks with low heat densities. The aim is to assist planners and decision-makers in evaluating the suitability of areas for district heating early in the planning process, considering both heat density and individual network design parameters. The study analyzes specific costs and establishes relationships between distribution costs and network expansion. Results indicate that network size, structure, and capital costs significantly influence heat distribution costs.