4.7 Review

Particulate matter exposure and neurodegenerative diseases: A comprehensive update on toxicity and mechanisms

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Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

An Insight into the Molecular Mechanism of Mitochondrial Toxicant- induced Neuronal Apoptosis in Parkinson's Disease

Subhashini Brahadeeswaran et al.

Summary: Parkinson's disease is a common progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects approximately 1% of the world's population aged 50 and above. The majority of cases are sporadic and show symptoms after the age of 60, with the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Recent studies suggest that exposure to environmental agents and mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.

CURRENT MOLECULAR MEDICINE (2023)

Article Clinical Neurology

Air pollution and dementia in older adults in the Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory Study

Erin O. Semmens et al.

Summary: This study found that long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution may increase the risk of dementia, particularly mixed vascular and Alzheimer's disease dementia.

ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA (2023)

Article Neurosciences

Association of Long-term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution With Cognitive Decline and Alzheimer?s Disease-Related Amyloidosis

Ya-Hui Ma et al.

Summary: This study found that long-term exposure to PM2.5 contributes to cognitive decline and affects neurobiological markers of Alzheimer's disease. Individuals exposed to high PM2.5 levels showed increased amyloid burdens, indicating an increased risk of AD. These findings have significant implications for understanding the relationship between cognitive health and air pollution.

BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY (2023)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Astrocytic Neuroimmunological Roles Interacting with Microglial Cells in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Mari Gotoh et al.

Summary: This review paper mainly focuses on the functional role of astrocytes in the extracellular matrix and on interactions between reactive astrocytes and reactive microglia in both normal states and neurodegenerative diseases. The authors aim to elucidate the mechanisms among activated glial cells in the pathology of neurological diseases in order to facilitate drug discovery. Additionally, the review discusses cyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA) as a potential therapeutic molecule for brain injury and neuroinflammation.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2023)

Article Neurosciences

Air Pollution and the Risk of Dementia: The Rotterdam Study

Tosca O. E. de Crom et al.

Summary: According to the Rotterdam Study, exposure to air pollution has been suggested to be associated with an increased risk of dementia. However, this study found no clear evidence for an association between exposure to air pollution and the risk of dementia or cognitive decline.

JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE (2023)

Article Neurosciences

Neurogranin in Alzheimer's disease and ageing: A human post-mortem study

Tyler Saunders et al.

Summary: Neurogranin (Ng), a post-synaptic protein, has been investigated as a biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and aging in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Our study examined Ng abundance in post-mortem human brain tissue in AD, healthy aging (HA), and mid-life (ML) cohorts. Ng levels were quantified using immunohistochemistry in brain regions associated with cognitive change. The results showed significantly reduced Ng levels in AD compared to HA and ML cases, indicating loss of neurogranin in the brain. Our findings support the use of CSF Ng as a biomarker for AD and cognitive decline in healthy aging.

NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE (2023)

Article Environmental Sciences

Atmospheric particulate matter impairs cognition by modulating synaptic function via the nose-to-brain route

Chunmei Liang et al.

Summary: PM2.5 can enter the brain through the nasal route, leading to impaired learning and memory and neuronal damage. Short-term exposure to PM2.5 activates astrocytes and microglia, affecting synaptic function, while the impact of neuroinflammation on cognition is not significant.

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT (2023)

Article Behavioral Sciences

Midazolam alleviates cellular senescence in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells in Alzheimer's disease

Ping Wang et al.

Summary: The study suggests that Midazolam has potential therapeutic effects in Alzheimer's disease (AD) by reducing oligomerized amyloid beta (A beta)-associated neuronal senescence and restoring telomerase activity and gene expressions associated with cellular senescence.

BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR (2023)

Article Environmental Sciences

Particulate matter exposure from motorized traffic and risk of conversion from mild cognitive impairment to dementia: An Italian prospective cohort study

Teresa Urbano et al.

Summary: Exposure to outdoor air pollutants, particularly PM10, may nonlinearly increase the risk of conversion from MCI to dementia. Higher PM10 levels were associated with increased concentrations of cerebrospinal fluid tau proteins and decreased beta-amyloid levels. The risk of dementia was positively associated with mean PM10 levels above 10 μg/m3 and maximum PM10 levels above 35 μg/m3.

ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH (2023)

Article Environmental Sciences

Ambient particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure contributes to neurodegeneration through the microbiome-gut-brain axis: Therapeutic role of melatonin

Samir Ranjan Panda et al.

Summary: Exposure to PM2.5 can disrupt the gut microbiome and lead to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration through the gut-brain axis. PAHs, organic compounds in PM2.5, may contribute to this process. Melatonin has been shown to regulate the microbiome and reduce inflammation in the gut and brain. In this study, melatonin treatment was found to inhibit microglial activation and colonic inflammation in cells exposed to PM2.5, and alleviate neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in mice exposed to PM2.5.

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY (2023)

Review Toxicology

Neurodevelopmental toxicity induced by airborne particulate matter

Mengting Shang et al.

Summary: This review paper highlights the association between airborne particulate matter (PM) and neurodevelopmental toxicity (NDT), emphasizing the potential risks of blood-brain barrier damage and susceptibility to neurodevelopmental disorders. The research is important for understanding the impact of PM exposure on children's early brain development and identifying markers and mechanisms of PM-induced neurodevelopmental toxicity.

JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY (2023)

Article Toxicology

Exposure to quasi-ultrafine particulate matter accelerates memory impairment and Alzheimer's disease-like neuropathology in the AppNL-G-F knock-in mouse model

Jason G. Kilian et al.

Summary: Exposure to traffic-related air pollution consisting of particulate matter (PM) is associated with cognitive decline leading to Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study investigated the neurotoxic effects of exposure to ultrafine PM in wildtype (WT) mice and a knock-in mouse model of AD (App(NL-G-F/+)-KI). The results showed that ultrafine PM exposure impaired memory tasks in prepathologic App(NL-G-F/+)-KI mice, and resulted in memory impairment and neuronal loss in aged WT and App(NL-G-F/+)-KI mice. Furthermore, AD-related pathology and glial activation were exacerbated in the AD model mice. These findings suggest that PM exposure impairs cognitive function and exacerbates AD-related pathology, potentially through glial activation.

TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES (2023)

Article Environmental Sciences

Short-term exposure to particulate matter and effects on emergency hospital admissions for Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease: an ecological study from an aged European metropolis

Pedro Franco et al.

Summary: This study investigates the association between short-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) and emergency hospital admissions for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). The results show that increased exposure to PM2.5 leads to a higher percentage of emergency hospital admissions for AD and PD, with a greater effect on AD.

AIR QUALITY ATMOSPHERE AND HEALTH (2023)

Article Clinical Neurology

Air pollution is associated with faster cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease

Young-gun Lee et al.

Summary: This longitudinal study found that chronic exposure to sulfur dioxide (SO2) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution is associated with faster cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). These effects remained significant even after controlling for potential confounders.

ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL NEUROLOGY (2023)

Article Environmental Sciences

Alzheimer's disease-like cortical atrophy mediates the effect of air pollution on global cognitive function

Jaelim Cho et al.

Summary: This study investigated the effect of air pollution on Alzheimer's disease-specific brain structural pathologies and whether this effect leads to poorer cognitive function. The findings suggest that air pollution exposures may induce AD-like cortical atrophy and lead to poorer cognitive function in dementia-free adults.

ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL (2023)

Article Environmental Sciences

Long-term air pollution exposure and Parkinson's disease mortality in a large pooled European cohort: An ELAPSE study

Thomas Cole-Hunter et al.

Summary: In this study, the link between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution, specifically PM2.5, and mortality from Parkinson's Disease (PD) was investigated in seven European cohorts. The results suggest that long-term exposure to PM2.5 may contribute to PD mortality, even at levels below current EU air pollution limits.

ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL (2023)

Article Environmental Sciences

Long-term air pollution and risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mortality in the Women's Health Initiative cohort

Angela M. Malek et al.

Summary: This study investigated the relationship between long-term exposure to ambient particulate matter and gaseous air pollution and ALS mortality. The results showed that PM2.5 and PM10 were not significantly associated with ALS death risk, but PM10-2.5 was associated with increased risk. This study adds to the knowledge about the impact of long-term ambient pollution on ALS mortality. Further research on the relationship between air pollution and ALS is needed.

ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH (2023)

Article Environmental Sciences

Long-term exposure to low-level particulate air pollution and Parkinson's disease diagnosis-A Finnish register-based study

Isabell Katharina Rumrich et al.

Summary: This study conducted a nested case-control study in Finland and found that low-level particulate matter air pollution was not significantly associated with an increased risk of incident PD. However, weak inverse associations were observed with specific particle components, indicating the need for further investigation.

ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH (2023)

Article Allergy

World Health Organization global air quality guideline recommendations: Executive summary

Anna Goshua et al.

Summary: Air pollution is a major cause of death globally, particularly affecting populations in low- and middle-income countries. The World Health Organization has published updated air quality guidelines to assist in improving air quality worldwide.

ALLERGY (2022)

Article Environmental Sciences

ALS risk factors: Industrial airborne chemical releases

Angeline Andrew et al.

Summary: This study aimed to identify industrial chemicals released into the air that may be associated with ALS etiology. By using a medical claims database and geospatial data, styrene, chromium, nickel, and dichloromethane were found to have positive associations with ALS risk. These findings contribute to the future evaluation of these environmental chemicals as potential etiologic contributors to sporadic ALS risk.

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (2022)

Article Clinical Neurology

The effect of air pollution on COVID-19 severity in a sample of patients with multiple sclerosis

Roberto Bergamaschi et al.

Summary: This study explored the association between PM2.5 and the severity of COVID-19 among patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), revealing that higher concentrations of PM2.5 increased the risk of worsening COVID-19 outcomes. The role of air pollutants in influencing COVID-19 severity in MS patients warrants further investigation.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY (2022)

Review Clinical Neurology

Air Pollution and the Risk of Parkinson's Disease: A Review

Hiromi Murata et al.

Summary: Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by protein accumulation, inflammation, and neuron loss. Recent epidemiological studies have found an association between air pollution exposure and an increased risk for Parkinson's disease. Air pollution may increase the risk through various mechanisms.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2022)

Article Environmental Sciences

Impact of air pollution exposure on the risk of Alzheimer's disease in China: A community-based cohort study

Fan He et al.

Summary: The study indicates that exposure to PM2.5, PM10, and CO significantly increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease, while there seems to be no clear association with NO2, SO2, and O3 exposure. Fish consumption does not appear to have a significant effect in mitigating this association.

ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH (2022)

Article Environmental Sciences

Exposure to urban air pollution particulate matter: neurobehavioral alteration and hippocampal inflammation

Mojtaba Ehsanifar et al.

Summary: Air pollution is linked to neurodevelopmental and neurological disorders. Rodent models have shown similar neurotoxic effects of urban air pollution particles from different sources. Exposure to ultrafine particulate matter may negatively impact the central nervous system through inflammation and oxidative stress. This study found that prolonged exposure to diesel exhaust particles can alter neurobehavioral functions and impair cognition.

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH (2022)

Article Neurosciences

Subacute inhalation of ultrafine particulate matter triggers inflammation without altering amyloid beta load in 5xFAD mice

Liudmila Saveleva et al.

Summary: This study reveals that short-term exposure to ultrafine particles (UFPs) can induce inflammation in the brain without affecting amyloid-beta load, providing a better understanding of the adverse effects caused by UFP exposure in the brain and periphery.

NEUROTOXICOLOGY (2022)

Article Environmental Sciences

Distinct brain lipid signatures in response to low-level PM2.5 exposure in a 3xTg-Alzheimer's disease mouse inhalation model

Sheng-Han Lee et al.

Summary: Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) poses a significant risk to human health, and this study explores the molecular mechanisms underlying PM2.5-induced neurotoxicity and changes in lipid profiles in the brains of AD mice exposed to low levels of PM2.5. The findings suggest that these lipid changes may play a role in the development of AD.

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT (2022)

Article Environmental Sciences

Olfactory bulb microglia activation mediated neuronal death in real-ambient particulate matter exposure mice with depression-like behaviors

Xiaoya Ji et al.

Summary: The study suggests that PM2.5 may induce neurotoxicity by activating microglia and releasing TNFα, leading to olfactory bulb damage, which could play a critical role in the early diagnosis and pathogenic mechanisms of PM2.5-induced depression.

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Incident dementia and long-term exposure to constituents of fine particle air pollution: A national cohort study in the United States

Liuhua Shi et al.

Summary: Growing evidence suggests that long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its major constituents is significantly associated with higher rates of incident dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Specific constituents related to traffic and fossil fuel combustion, such as BC, OM, and SO42-, showed the strongest associations.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2022)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Long-term Traffic-related Air Pollutant Exposure and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Diagnosis in Denmark A Bayesian Hierarchical Analysis

Robbie M. Parks et al.

Summary: This study found a high probability of a positive association between ALS diagnosis and elemental carbon concentration. There were negative associations for nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and no association for non-elemental carbon fine particles. Further research is needed to understand the role of traffic-related air pollution in ALS pathogenesis.

EPIDEMIOLOGY (2022)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Particulate Matter Exacerbates the Death of Dopaminergic Neurons in Parkinson's Disease through an Inflammatory Response

Dabin Choi et al.

Summary: This study investigates the biological effects of ambient particles on the neurodegenerative disease Parkinson's disease (PD) and finds that long-term exposure to coarse particles exacerbates the severity of PD, while short-term exposure leads to inflammatory responses. The study also discovers the neurotoxic effects of PM10 on lung cells and microglial cells.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2022)

Article Toxicology

White matter pathology in alzheimer's transgenic mice with chronic exposure to low-level ambient fine particulate matter

Ta-Fu Chen et al.

Summary: This pilot study showed that chronic exposure to low PM2.5 concentrations can still cause brain damage such as gross brain atrophy, cortical neuron damage, and multiple white matter tract damage. Typical amyloid cascade pathology did not prominently appear in the vulnerable brain region after exposure, implying multiple pathogenic pathways induce brain injury by air pollution.

PARTICLE AND FIBRE TOXICOLOGY (2022)

Review Microbiology

Impact of Environmental Pollutants on Gut Microbiome and Mental Health via the Gut-Brain Axis

Samradhi Singh et al.

Summary: In recent years, the microbiome has become a high-priority research area for uncovering the connection between brain health and gut dysbiosis. Through metabolites produced by the microbiome and the involvement of various systems, the gut microbiome plays a crucial role in regulating the gut-brain axis. Environmental pollutants may impact the communication between gut microbes and the brain, potentially leading to neurological and psychiatric disorders.

MICROORGANISMS (2022)

Article Environmental Sciences

Long-term exposure to particulate air pollution and incidence of Parkinson's disease: A nationwide population-based cohort study in South Korea

Hyewon Lee et al.

Summary: There is increasing interest in the neurological impact of particulate matter (PM), but its association with the incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unclear. This study found that long-term exposure to PM2.5 may play a role in the development of PD.

ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH (2022)

Article Clinical Neurology

Fine Particulate Matter Triggers α-Synuclein Fibrillization and Parkinson-like Neurodegeneration

Xin Yuan et al.

Summary: This study reveals that exposure to PM2.5 may have a direct impact on α-Syn pathology and increase the risk for Parkinson's disease. PM2.5 promotes the fibrillization and aggregation of α-Syn, leading to enhanced seeding activity and neurotoxicity of α-Syn fibrils. Additionally, PM2.5 induces mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2022)

Article Environmental Sciences

PM2.5 composition and disease aggravation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis An analysis of long-term exposure to components of fine particulate matter in New York State

Yanelli Nunez et al.

Summary: This study utilized 15 years of data from the New York Department of Health to investigate the association between long-term exposure to PM2.5 components and disease aggravation in ALS. The findings suggest a positive association between ALS aggravation and OM, while a negative association was found with soil concentration.

ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY (2022)

Article Environmental Sciences

PM2.5 exposure as a risk factor for multiple sclerosis. An ecological study with a Bayesian mapping approach

Roberto Bergamaschi et al.

Summary: This study investigated the association between PM2.5 concentrations and the prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in the province of Pavia, Italy. It found that living in areas with high PM2.5 concentrations was associated with higher MS risk, and Bayesian maps revealed significant clusters of high-risk areas for MS.

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Airborne fine particulate matter induces cognitive and emotional disorders in offspring mice exposed during pregnancy

Chao Zhao et al.

Summary: The study revealed that gestational exposure to PM2.5 can result in cognitive and emotional disorders in offspring, even if the offspring were not directly exposed to PM2.5. Neurodegeneration in the hippocampus, impairment of placental cytoarchitecture, and reprogramming of lipidome induced by PM2.5 exposure may affect maternal-fetal cross-talk and lead to behavioral disorders in offspring.

SCIENCE BULLETIN (2021)

Article Environmental Sciences

Association of the global distribution of multiple sclerosis with ultraviolet radiation and air pollution: an ecological study based on GBD data

Vahid Kazemi Moghadam et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the environmental determinants of the worldwide distribution of multiple sclerosis (MS) in the presence of socioeconomic and geographic indices. It found that UV index (UVI) and ozone concentrations were negatively correlated with the prevalence, incidence, and mortality of MS. The strongest significant inverse association with MS distribution was observed with UVI, suggesting a potential link with vitamin D intake and MS development.

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH (2021)

Article Neurosciences

Fine Particulate Matter and Markers of Alzheimer's Disease Neuropathology at Autopsy in a Community-Based Cohort

Rachel M. Shaffer et al.

Summary: The association between PM2.5 and AD neuropathology in older adults is inconclusive, with some suggesting an increased risk of neuropathology while others suggesting a decreased risk. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and explore alternative mechanistic pathways for the disease.

JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE (2021)

Article Environmental Sciences

Parkinson's disease aggravation in association with fine particle components in New York State

Yanelli Nunez et al.

Summary: This study found associations between specific PM2.5 components, organic matter (OM) and nitrate, with Parkinson's disease (PD) disease aggravation. Exposure to these components may lead to disease aggravation. Additionally, a nonlinear inverse association between PD aggravation and black carbon (BC) concentrations above the 96th percentile was observed.

ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH (2021)

Article Environmental Sciences

Risk of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Exposure to Particulate Matter from Vehicular Traffic: A Case-Control Study

Tommaso Filippini et al.

Summary: In this pilot case-control study, limited evidence of an increased ALS risk due to long-term exposure at high PM10 concentrations was found. The results were limited by small sample size and statistical imprecision, emphasizing the need for further larger studies to confirm the relationship.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH (2021)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Learning and memory disorders related to hippocampal inflammation following exposure to air pollution

Mojtaba Ehsanifar et al.

Summary: Exposure to diesel exhaust particles has been shown to increase oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, anxiety, and impair learning and memory in mice. Additionally, DEP exposure may elevate anxiety levels in male mice.

JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING (2021)

Article Environmental Sciences

Fine Particle Exposure and Clinical Aggravation in Neurodegenerative Diseases in New York State

Yanelli Nunez et al.

Summary: The study examined the potential association between long-term exposure to particulate matter <= 2.5 mu m in aerodynamic diameter and disease aggravation in neurodegenerative diseases. Findings suggest that annual increase in county-level PM2.5 concentrations may contribute to clinical aggravation of Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, with evidence that the current national standards may not adequately protect the aging population.

ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES (2021)

Article Environmental Sciences

Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter and dementia incidence: A cohort study in Hong Kong

Jinjun Ran et al.

Summary: Long-term exposure to PM2.5 is positively associated with a higher risk of all-cause dementia incidence, with an estimated hazard ratio of 1.06 per every 3.8 μg/m(3) increase in annual mean PM2.5 exposure. No effect modifications by age, sex, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, or heart disease were found in this study.

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (2021)

Article Neurosciences

Particulate Matter Exposure Exacerbates Amyloid-β Plaque Deposition and Gliosis in APP/PS1 Mice

Bijayani Sahu et al.

Summary: This study investigated the effects of particulate matter exposure on AD-related brain changes using a transgenic disease model. The results showed that chronic particulate matter exposure exacerbates AD by increasing A beta plaque load, gliosis, and the brain inflammatory status.

JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE (2021)

Article Chemistry, Medicinal

Ecklonia cava Attenuates PM2.5-Induced Cognitive Decline through Mitochondrial Activation and Anti-Inflammatory Effect

Seon Kyeong Park et al.

Summary: The study found that water extract from Ecklonia cava has significant preventive effects on neurotoxicity induced by PM2.5, improving cognitive dysfunction by inhibiting inflammatory responses and oxidative damage.

MARINE DRUGS (2021)

Article Clinical Neurology

Geospatial analysis of individual-based Parkinson's disease data supports a link with air pollution: A case-control study

Vanessa Fleury et al.

Summary: The study found a spatial dependence of PD prevalence in a small but significant proportion of patients, with a positive association detected between PD clusters and air pollution. PD hotspots were concentrated in urban areas. Adjustment for confounders greatly reduced the spatial association, indicating that geographic space characteristics influenced PD prevalence.

PARKINSONISM & RELATED DISORDERS (2021)

Article Clinical Neurology

Association of Multiple Sclerosis with PM 2.5 levels. Further evidence from the highly polluted area of Padua Province, Italy

Arianna Scartezzini et al.

Summary: The study found a strong association between PM2.5 concentration and MS prevalence in the Province of Padua, with Padua City having significantly higher MS prevalence compared to the SPZ of the Euganean Hills Park. This suggests that air pollutants may be a potential environmental risk factor for MS in the Veneto Region of Italy.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS (2021)

Article Environmental Sciences

Pulmonary toxicity of actual alveolar deposition concentrations of ultrafine particulate matters in human normal bronchial epithelial cell

Chia-Hua Lin et al.

Summary: This study found that exposure to ultrafine particulate matter (UFPM) can lead to decreased cell viability, increased oxidative stress, and upregulated expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8). Additionally, UFPM can reduce pulmonary trans-epithelial electrical resistance by depleting zonula occludens (ZO) proteins. Furthermore, UFPM was shown to decrease the expression of alpha 1-antitrypsin (A1AT), indicating a higher risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Hippocampal inflammation and oxidative stress following exposure to diesel exhaust nanoparticles in male and female mice

Mojtaba Ehsanifar et al.

Summary: Exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) can lead to neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in both female and male mice, with males showing a higher susceptibility compared to females. Long-term exposure to DEPs alters the expression of hippocampal NMDA receptor subunits, suggesting that gender may play a significant role in modulating susceptibility to neurotoxicity induced by DEPs exposure.

NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) hampers myelin repair in a mouse model of white matter demyelination

Roberta Parolisi et al.

Summary: Studies suggest that exposure to fine PM may disrupt the CNS tissue's endogenous regenerative capability, potentially contributing to demyelinating pathologies such as Multiple Sclerosis.

NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL (2021)

Article Neurosciences

Effects of concentrated ambient ultrafine particulate matter on hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease in the 3xTgAD mouse model

Denise Herr et al.

Summary: This study found that exposure to ultrafine particulates had effects on tau phosphorylation and microglial morphology in Alzheimer's Disease genetic mice, without causing lung inflammation. These findings emphasize the need for further research on the relationship between air pollution exposure and Alzheimer's Disease.

NEUROTOXICOLOGY (2021)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Exposure to PM2.5 aggravates Parkinson's disease via inhibition of autophagy and mitophagy pathway

Yueqi Wang et al.

Summary: The study investigated the impact and mechanisms of PM2.5 exposure on PD symptoms using in vitro and in vivo models, revealing that PM2.5 aggravates behavioral abnormalities in PD by increasing oxidative stress, reducing autophagy and mitophagy levels, and inducing mitochondria-mediated neuronal apoptosis.

TOXICOLOGY (2021)

Article Clinical Neurology

Association of NO2 and Other Air Pollution Exposures With the Risk of Parkinson Disease

Sungyang Jo et al.

Summary: Exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was associated with an increased risk of Parkinson disease, while no significant associations were found between exposure to other air pollutants and disease incidence. This suggests the potential role of NO2 in Parkinson disease development and highlights the importance of implementing targeted public health policies.

JAMA NEUROLOGY (2021)

Article Environmental Sciences

Air pollution, surrounding green, road proximity and Parkinson's disease: A prospective cohort study

Zhebin Yu et al.

Summary: In single-exposure models, PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and road proximity were associated with increased risk of PD, while surrounding green was associated with decreased risk. In two-exposure models, the associations of PM2.5 and surrounding green persisted, while those of NO2 and road proximity attenuated.

ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH (2021)

Review Environmental Sciences

Meta-analyses of maternal exposure to atmospheric particulate matter and risk of congenital anomalies in offspring

Guangxia Yu et al.

Summary: Congenital anomalies are a major cause of infant mortality and disability, and studies suggest that maternal exposure to particulate matter is associated with an increased risk of such anomalies. Specifically, exposure to PM10 has been linked to congenital heart disease, neural tube defects, and cleft lip with or without cleft palate.

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH (2021)

Review Clinical Neurology

Air pollution and multiple sclerosis: a comprehensive review

Sahand Abbaszadeh et al.

Summary: This review summarizes the impact of air pollutants, including particulate matter, gaseous pollutants, and heavy metals, on the development and relapse of multiple sclerosis. It highlights the potential connection between chronic exposure to ambient air pollution and the risk of neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and blood-brain barrier breakdown associated with MS.

NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Exposure to low-dose ambient fine particulate matter PM2.5 and Alzheimer's disease, non-Alzheimer's dementia, and Parkinson's disease in North Carolina

Sung Han Rhew et al.

Summary: The study found that older residents in North Carolina with long-term exposure to high levels of ambient PM2.5 had significantly increased risks of death and hospital admissions for Alzheimer's disease, with less pronounced effects for non-AD dementia and Parkinson's disease.

PLOS ONE (2021)

Article Clinical Neurology

An impact of air pollution on moderate to severe relapses among multiple sclerosis patients

Miri Elgabsi et al.

Summary: The study found that MS relapses are significantly associated with ambient exposure to PM and NO2.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS (2021)

Article Clinical Neurology

Fine Particulate Matter Related to Multiple Sclerosis Relapse in Young Patients

Edouard Januel et al.

Summary: This study found that exposure to PM2.5 particles may increase the risk of multiple sclerosis relapse, particularly in young individuals.

FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Particulate matter aggravates Alzheimer's disease by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome to release ASC specks

Runxiao Zheng et al.

Summary: There is growing evidence suggesting that ambient particulate matter PM2.5 may exacerbate Alzheimer's disease by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome, leading to A beta aggregation and neuronal apoptosis. This correlation was confirmed in a study where intranasal exposure to PM2.5 in mice showed release of ASC specks and cognitive deficits in spatial memory ability.

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Article Neurosciences

Effect of Fasudil on remyelination following cuprizone-induced demyelination

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CNS NEUROSCIENCE & THERAPEUTICS (2020)

Review Clinical Neurology

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R. Balestrino et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY (2020)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Associations between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and Parkinson's disease prevalence: A cross-sectional study

Farhad Salimi et al.

NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL (2020)

Review Environmental Sciences

Alzheimer disease starts in childhood in polluted Metropolitan Mexico City. A major health crisis in progress

Lilian Calderon-Garciduenas et al.

ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH (2020)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Historical Perspective: Models of Parkinson's Disease

Shyh Jenn Chia et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2020)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Systemic Exposure to Air Pollution Induces Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Mouse Brain, Contributing to Neurodegeneration Onset

Chiara Milani et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2020)

Review Clinical Neurology

Protein transmission in neurodegenerative disease

Chao Peng et al.

NATURE REVIEWS NEUROLOGY (2020)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Glial smog: Interplay between air pollution and astrocyte-microglia interactions

Mireia Gomez-Budia et al.

NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL (2020)

Article Toxicology

Urban air particulate matter induces mitochondrial dysfunction in human olfactory mucosal cells

Sweelin Chew et al.

PARTICLE AND FIBRE TOXICOLOGY (2020)

Review Neurosciences

Neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative disorders: the roles of microglia and astrocytes

Hyuk Sung Kwon et al.

TRANSLATIONAL NEURODEGENERATION (2020)

Review Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Air Pollution and Central Nervous System Disease: A Review of the Impact of Fine Particulate Matter on Neurological Disorders

Hyunyoung Kim et al.

FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH (2020)

Article Immunology

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