4.7 Review

Update on the treatment of cancer cachexia

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Article Oncology

Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study of Olanzapine for Chemotherapy-Related Anorexia in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Gastric, Hepatopancreaticobiliary, and Lung Cancer

Lakshmi Sandhya et al.

Summary: This trial assessed the efficacy of olanzapine in stimulating appetite and improving weight gain in patients receiving chemotherapy. The results showed that low-dose daily olanzapine significantly improved appetite and weight gain in these patients, with minimal side effects.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2023)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

EDA2R-NIK signalling promotes muscle atrophy linked to cancer cachexia

Sevval Nur Bilgic et al.

Summary: Skeletal muscle atrophy is a common problem in patients with cancer, leading to poor survival and reduced quality of life. The mechanisms behind this muscle wasting are still not fully understood, making it difficult to develop effective therapies.

NATURE (2023)

Review Oncology

Cancer-associated cachexia - understanding the tumour macroenvironment and microenvironment to improve management

Josep M. Argiles et al.

Summary: Cachexia is a devastating syndrome characterized by substantial weight loss mainly in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, which affects 50-80% of cancer patients. It is associated with systemic inflammation, anorexia, and increased energy expenditure. Understanding the underlying mechanisms and developing therapeutic approaches are essential.

NATURE REVIEWS CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2023)

Article Geriatrics & Gerontology

Pilot clinical trial of macimorelin to assess safety and efficacy in patients with cancer cachexia

Megan Herodes et al.

Summary: This pilot study evaluated the safety and efficacy of using macimorelin, a growth hormone secretagogue, in cancer cachexia patients. The results showed that one-week administration of macimorelin improved body weight and quality of life in these patients. The importance of this study lies in providing a potential new approach for treating cancer cachexia.

JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE (2023)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Pathophysiological role of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) in obesity, cancer, and cachexia

Jawed Akhtar Siddiqui et al.

Summary: Growth differentiation factor 15 or macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (GDF15/MIC-1) is a divergent member of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily and has diverse pathophysiological roles in cancers, cardiometabolic disorders, and other diseases. Its role in cancer development and progression is complicated and depends on the specific cancer type and stage, and its mechanisms are related to its receptor GFRAL.

CYTOKINE & GROWTH FACTOR REVIEWS (2022)

Article Nutrition & Dietetics

Efficacy of Curcumin on Treating Cancer Anorexia-Cachexia Syndrome in Locally or Advanced Head and Neck Cancer: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Randomised Phase IIa Trial (CurChexia)

Tawasapon Thambamroong et al.

Summary: The study aimed to determine the effect of curcumin in treating cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome among current patients with locally advanced or advanced head and neck cancer. The results showed a statistically significant benefit from curcumin in improving muscle mass compared with placebo.

JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM (2022)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Clinical Use of Megestrol Acetate for Cancer-Related Anorexia/Cachexia

Yu Liang Lim et al.

Summary: Megestrol acetate (MA) does not appear to be effective in improving anorexia/cachexia in patients with advanced cancer, according to a meta-analysis. Although MA is commonly used off-label to stimulate appetite and improve weight loss, its benefits are controversial. The analysis showed that patients receiving high-dose MA tended to experience weight loss rather than weight gain.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE (2022)

Review Cell Biology

Cancer cachexia as a multiorgan failure: Reconstruction of the crime scene

Michele Ferrara et al.

Summary: Cachexia is a devastating syndrome associated with various end-stage diseases, such as cancer, causing weight loss, muscle wasting, and adipose tissue wasting. Despite its high prevalence and impact on patients' quality of life and prognosis, there is currently no effective therapy available. This review focuses on the multiple tissues affected by cachexia and the potential biomarkers for early identification of patients at risk.

FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY (2022)

Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

Targeting cancer cachexia: Molecular mechanisms and clinical study

Yong-Fei Wang et al.

Summary: Cancer cachexia is a complex systemic syndrome characterized by muscle wasting, which involves the imbalance of metabolism, neural, and immune homeostasis in multiple organs. The role of involved organs switches from inhibiting tumor growth to promoting the progression of cancer cachexia.

MEDCOMM (2022)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Understanding the molecular basis of anorexia and tissue wasting in cancer cachexia

Eunbyul Yeom et al.

Summary: Cancer cachexia syndrome, characterized by nutritional impairment, weakness, and wasting, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in advanced-stage cancer patients. Anorexia and weight loss are the two major symptoms of cancer cachexia, which are regulated by independent molecular mechanisms. In this review, the authors highlight their recent discovery of a new anorexia mechanism and the process through which anorexia precedes tissue wasting in cachexia.

EXPERIMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE (2022)

Article Health Care Sciences & Services

Mirtazapine in Cancer-Associated Anorexia and Cachexia: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Randomized Trial

Catherine N. Hunter et al.

Summary: The study evaluated the efficacy of mirtazapine in improving appetite in cancer patients, but found that mirtazapine was not significantly better than placebo.

JOURNAL OF PAIN AND SYMPTOM MANAGEMENT (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The Redox Balance: A Target for Interventions Against Muscle Wasting in Cancer Cachexia?

Fabio Penna et al.

ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING (2020)

Article Oncology

Management of Cancer Cachexia: ASCO Guideline

Eric J. Roeland et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2020)

Review Geriatrics & Gerontology

Orphan disease status of cancer cachexia in the USA and in the European Union: a systematic review

Markus S. Anker et al.

JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE (2019)

Review Health Care Sciences & Services

Prokinetics and ghrelin for the management of cancer cachexia syndrome

Jimi S. Malik et al.

ANNALS OF PALLIATIVE MEDICINE (2019)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha: Role in Development of Insulin Resistance and Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Muhammad Sajid Hamid Akash et al.

JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY (2018)

Article Geriatrics & Gerontology

A randomized trial of adjunct testosterone for cancer-related muscle loss in men and women

Traver J. Wright et al.

JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE (2018)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Cancer-associated cachexia

Vickie E. Baracos et al.

NATURE REVIEWS DISEASE PRIMERS (2018)

Article Geriatrics & Gerontology

LY2495655, an antimyostatin antibody, in pancreatic cancer: a randomized, phase 2 trial

Talia Golan et al.

JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE (2018)

Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Inter-tissue communication in cancer cachexia

Josep M. Argiles et al.

NATURE REVIEWS ENDOCRINOLOGY (2018)

Article Geriatrics & Gerontology

A randomized phase II feasibility trial of a multimodal intervention for the management of cachexia in lung and pancreatic cancer

Tora S. Solheim et al.

JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE (2017)

Review Oncology

Exercise for people with cancer: a systematic review

R. Segal et al.

CURRENT ONCOLOGY (2017)

Article Nutrition & Dietetics

ESPEN guidelines on definitions and terminology of clinical nutrition

T. Cederholm et al.

CLINICAL NUTRITION (2017)

Review Cell Biology

Lipolytic and thermogenic depletion of adipose tissue in cancer cachexia

Maria Tsoli et al.

SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY (2016)

Review Oncology

Understanding cachexia as a cancer metabolism syndrome

P. E. Porporato

ONCOGENESIS (2016)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Myostatin: Expanding horizons

Mridula Sharma et al.

IUBMB LIFE (2015)

Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Muscle wasting in disease: molecular mechanisms and promising therapies

Shenhav Cohen et al.

NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY (2015)

Review Geriatrics & Gerontology

Psychosocial impact of cancer cachexia

Jane B. Hopkinson

JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE (2014)

Review Oncology

Clinical evaluation and optimal management of cancer cachexia

Albert Tuca et al.

CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ONCOLOGY HEMATOLOGY (2013)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Control of food intake and muscle wasting in cachexia

Marie Amitani et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY & CELL BIOLOGY (2013)

Review Oncology

Understanding the mechanisms and treatment options in cancer cachexia

Kenneth Fearon et al.

NATURE REVIEWS CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2013)

Review Geriatrics & Gerontology

Cancer cachexia: impact, mechanisms and emerging treatments

Vanessa C. Vaughan et al.

JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE (2013)

Review Health Care Sciences & Services

Clinical development of ghrelin axis-derived molecules for cancer cachexia treatment

Sumbul Ali et al.

CURRENT OPINION IN SUPPORTIVE AND PALLIATIVE CARE (2013)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

Megestrol acetate for treatment of anorexia-cachexia syndrome

Vicente Ruiz Garcia et al.

COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS (2013)

Review Cell Biology

Cancer Cachexia: Mediators, Signaling, and Metabolic Pathways

Kenneth C. H. Fearon et al.

CELL METABOLISM (2012)

Article Nutrition & Dietetics

Inflammation in cancer cachexia: To resolve or not to resolve (is that the question?)

Marilia Seelaender et al.

CLINICAL NUTRITION (2012)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

A humanized anti-IL-6 antibody (ALD518) in non-small cell lung cancer

Trevor J. Bayliss et al.

EXPERT OPINION ON BIOLOGICAL THERAPY (2011)

Article Health Care Sciences & Services

Phase II Trial of Mirtazapine for Cancer-Related Cachexia and Anorexia

Rachel P. Riechelmann et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HOSPICE & PALLIATIVE MEDICINE (2010)

Article Genetics & Heredity

Phase II nonrandomized study of the efficacy and safety of COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib on patients with cancer cachexia

Giovanni Mantovani et al.

JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE-JMM (2010)

Editorial Material Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

MUSCLE DISORDERS Preventing wastage

Man Tsuey Tse

NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY (2010)

Article Oncology

Treatment of cancer-related anorexia with olanzapine and megestrol acetate: a randomized trial

Rudolph M. Navari et al.

SUPPORTIVE CARE IN CANCER (2010)

Review Geriatrics & Gerontology

Ghrelin for cachexia

Takashi Akamizu et al.

JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE (2010)

Article Nutrition & Dietetics

Defining and Classifying Cancer Cachexia: A Proposal by the SCRINIO Working Group

Federico Bozzetti et al.

JOURNAL OF PARENTERAL AND ENTERAL NUTRITION (2009)

Editorial Material Nutrition & Dietetics

Cachexia: A new definition

William J. Evans et al.

CLINICAL NUTRITION (2008)

Article Otorhinolaryngology

Results of a pilot study of the effects of celecoxib on cancer cachexia in patients with cancer of the head, neck, and gastrointestinal tract

Victor Lai et al.

HEAD AND NECK-JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES AND SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK (2008)

Article Oncology

Mechanism of increased lipolysis in cancer cachexia

Thorhallur Agustsson et al.

CANCER RESEARCH (2007)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, an omega-3 fatty acid from fish oils) for the treatment of cancer cachexia

A. Dewey et al.

COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS (2007)

Review Oncology

Systematic review of the treatment of cancer-associated anorexia and weight loss

T Yavuzsen et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2005)

Review Neurosciences

Ghrelin: An orexigenic and somatotrophic signal from the stomach

A Inui

NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE (2001)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Fatal hepatorenal failure associated with hydrazine sulfate

MI Hainer et al.

ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE (2000)