Capacitive deionization and electrosorption techniques with different electrodes for wastewater treatment applications

Pollution of water and limited availability of freshwater are the major environmental issues faced globally in the present era. Capacitive deionization, a potential water treatment technique based on electrochemistry, has gained huge recognition in the last decade owing to the facile ions' expulsion from sewage water, along with the benefits of being eco-friendly, reduced cost, decreased consumption of energy, and effortless renewal of elec-trode. Similarly, electrosorption emerged as a replacement technique to traditional adsorption techniques because of the generation of compound electrodes with flexible surface features, porous in nature, certainty, and the capability to execute electrochemical reactions. Extensive advancement has been witnessed in both capac-itive deionization and electrosorption with their various electrodes. The scientific developments are assisted with distinct applications of these techniques. Thus, the current review paper has provided an elaborate description of the capacitive deionization and electrosorption methods with various electrode materials, highlighting polymer, membrane, and bio electrodes. The review paper has also delivered detailed explanations for the treatment of waste water which includes desalination, and expulsion of heavy metals and organic compounds, individually for capacitive deionization and electrosorption techniques. This review paper would be of great benefit in nurturing these technologies to evolve into a challenging alternative to get along with other water treatment problems.

Automated summary

Pollution of water and limited availability of freshwater are major global environmental issues. Capacitive deionization and electrosorption, based on electrochemistry, have gained recognition due to their ability to remove ions from wastewater, cost-effectiveness, reduced energy consumption, and electrode renewal. This review paper provides a detailed description of these techniques, highlighting different electrode materials and their applications in wastewater treatment, such as desalination and removal of heavy metals and organic compounds. It serves as a valuable resource for the development of these technologies as alternative water treatment solutions.