Evaluation of flexible three-dimensionally printed occlusal splint materials: An in vitro study

Objective: To evaluate and compare the mechanical properties, water sorption, water solubility, and degree of double bond conversion of three different commercially available three-dimensional (3D) printing resins used for the fabrication of flexible occlusal splints. Methods: A digital printer was used to generate specimens from the evaluated splint materials (KeySplint Soft, IMPRIMO LC Splint flex, and V-Print splint comfort). The specimens were equally divided and tested either dry or after water storage at 37 degrees C for 30 days. A three-point bending test was used to assess flexural strength, elastic modulus, and fracture toughness. A two-body wear test was performed using a dual-axis chewing simulator. Water sorption and water solubility were measured after 30 days. The degree of double bond conversion was determined by FTIR-spectrometry. All data for the evaluated properties were collected and statistically analyzed.Results: Both material and storage conditions had a significant effect on the flexural strength (P < 0.001), elastic modulus (P < 0.001), fracture toughness (P < 0.001), and wear (P < 0.001). The highest water sorption was noticed with IMPRIMO LC Splint flex (1.9 +/- 0.0 %), while V-Print splint comfort displayed the lowest water solubility (0.2 +/- 0.0 %). For the degree of conversion, it was statistically non-significant among the different materials (P = 0.087).Significance: Different flexible 3D-printed splints available in the market displayed variations in the evaluated properties and clinicians should consider these differences when choosing occlusal device materials. Among the tested flexible splint materials, KeySplint Soft had the greatest flexural strength, elastic modulus, fracture toughness, wear resistance, and degree of conversion. It also showed the lowest water sorption.

Automated summary

This study evaluated and compared the mechanical properties, water sorption, water solubility, and degree of double bond conversion of three commercially available 3D printing resins for flexible occlusal splints. The results showed significant differences among the materials, indicating the importance of considering these differences when choosing occlusal device materials. KeySplint Soft exhibited the best mechanical properties and water sorption performance.