Viral-vectored respiratory mucosal vaccine strategies

Increasing global concerns of pandemic respiratory viruses highlight the importance of developing optimal vaccination strategies that encompass vaccine platform, delivery route, and regimens. The decades-long effort to develop vaccines to combat respiratory infections such as influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, and tuberculosis has met with challenges, including the inability of systemically administered vaccines to induce respiratory mucosal (RM) immunity. In this regard, ample preclinical and available clinical studies have demonstrated the superiority of RM vaccination to induce RM immunity over parenteral route of vaccination. A great stride has been made in developing vaccines for RM delivery against respiratory pathogens, including M. tuberculosis and SARS-CoV-2. In particular, inhaled aerosol delivery of adenoviral-vectored vaccines has shown significant promise.

Automated summary

The optimal vaccination strategies for pandemic respiratory viruses must consider vaccine platform, delivery route, and regimens. Developing vaccines for respiratory infections has been challenging, as systemically administered vaccines fail to induce respiratory mucosal immunity. However, studies have shown that respiratory mucosal vaccination is superior to parenteral vaccination in inducing respiratory mucosal immunity. Recent advancements in developing respiratory mucosal vaccines for pathogens such as M. tuberculosis and SARS-CoV-2, including inhaled aerosol delivery of adenoviral-vectored vaccines, have shown significant promise.