☆ 4.6 Review

cGAS-STING at the crossroads in cancer therapy

CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ONCOLOGY HEMATOLOGY (2024)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

p53 engages the cGAS/STING cytosolic DNA sensing pathway for tumor suppression

Monisankar Ghosh et al.

Summary: Tumor suppression by TP53 involves both cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous mechanisms. This study reveals that p53 promotes the degradation of TREX1, leading to cytosolic dsDNA accumulation and activation of the cGAS/STING pathway, resulting in induction of type I interferons. The activation of the cGAS/STING pathway is crucial for p53's tumor suppressor activities.

MOLECULAR CELL (2023)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

STING controls T cell memory fitness during infection through T cell-intrinsic and IDO-dependent mechanisms

Michael J. Quaney et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2023)

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Article Oncology

Methionine restriction promotes cGAS activation and chromatin untethering through demethylation to enhance antitumor immunity

Lan Fang et al.

Summary: Methionine deprivation enhances cGAS activity by blocking its methylation, leading to improved antitumor immunity and suppression of colorectal tumorigenesis. Clinically, cGAS methylation in human cancers is associated with poor prognosis.

CANCER CELL (2023)

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Article Oncology

Combination of the STING Agonist MIW815 (ADU-S100) and PD-1 Inhibitor Spartalizumab in Advanced/Metastatic Solid Tumors or Lymphomas: An Open-Label, Multicenter, Phase Ib Study

Funda Meric-Bernstam et al.

Summary: This study assessed the safety and tolerability of the combination of MIW815 and spartalizumab in patients with advanced solid tumors or lymphomas. The results showed that the combination therapy had immune activation but limited antitumor activity.

CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH (2023)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Chemical Synthesis of the Fluorescent, Cyclic Dinucleotides cthGAMP

Simon Veth et al.

Summary: The cGAS-STING pathway plays a crucial role in sensing cytosolic DNA. Research on the development of fluorescent moieties and synthesis of fluorescent molecules for detection is important for the therapeutic potential of this pathway.

CHEMBIOCHEM (2022)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

The cGAS-STING signaling in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases: Future novel target option for pharmacotherapy

Patrick Kwabena Oduro et al.

Summary: The cGAS-STING signaling pathway is closely related to cardiovascular and metabolic disorders and plays an important regulatory role in various sterile inflammatory diseases. Studying this signaling pathway is of great significance for understanding the relationship between cardiovascular and metabolic tissues and diseases.

ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA B (2022)

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Article Oncology

Increased Drp1 promotes autophagy and ESCC progression by mtDNA stress mediated cGAS-STING pathway

Yujia Li et al.

Summary: Our study reveals that Drp1 overexpression induces mitochondrial dysfunction and cytosolic mtDNA stress, thereby activating the cGAS-STING pathway, promoting autophagy, and enhancing ESCC progression. The findings suggest a potential mechanism for targeting Drp1 in cancer therapy.

JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

PCBP2 maintains antiviral signaling homeostasis by regulating cGAS enzymatic activity via antagonizing its condensation

Haiyan Gu et al.

Summary: cGAS is regulated by its interacting protein PCBP2, which controls its enzyme activity and affects cGAS-STING signaling pathway in antiviral response. Overexpression of PCBP2 reduces the antiviral signaling while loss of PCBP2 increases cGAS activity. PCBP2 decreases cGAS enzyme activity by antagonizing cGAS condensation, ensuring appropriate cGAMP production and balanced cGAS-STING signal transduction.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

cGAS-STING drives the IL-6-dependent survival of chromosomally instable cancers

Christy Hong et al.

Summary: Chromosomal instability (CIN) drives cancer cell evolution, metastasis, and therapy resistance. This study reveals that the inactivation of cGAS-STING signaling selectively impairs the survival of triple-negative breast cancer cells with CIN. Furthermore, blockade of IL-6 signaling using tocilizumab selectively impairs the growth of triple-negative breast cancer cells with CIN.

NATURE (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

STING activation promotes robust immune response and NK cell-mediated tumor regression in glioblastoma models

Gilles Berger et al.

Summary: This study investigates the potential of a STING agonist called ADU-S100 in treating glioblastoma, an aggressive brain tumor. The results show that ADU-S100 can modulate the tumor microenvironment and enhance immune response, leading to improved survival in mouse models. The study also suggests the possibility of combining STING agonists with other immunotherapies for better treatment outcomes.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2022)

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Article Microbiology

Human papillomaviruses sensitize cells to DNA damage induced apoptosis by targeting the innate immune sensor cGAS

Elona Gusho et al.

Summary: cGAS is a critical regulator of the innate immune response and acts as a sensor for double-stranded DNA from pathogens or damaged host DNA. In HPV positive cells, cGAS levels are increased and it plays a role through various signaling pathways. The study also reveals the important role of cGAS in mediating the response of HPV positive cells to chemotherapeutic drugs.

PLOS PATHOGENS (2022)

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Review Oncology

The cGAS-STING pathway and cancer

Natasha Samson et al.

Summary: The cGAS-STING pathway plays a critical role in cancer and can affect tumor development and treatment outcomes. This article discusses the impact of cGAS-STING signaling on tumors and highlights current research efforts in this field.

NATURE CANCER (2022)

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Article Oncology

MPS1 inhibition primes immunogenicity of KRAS-LKB1 mutant lung cancer

Shunsuke Kitajima et al.

Summary: KRAS-LKB1 mutant lung cancers silence the STING pathway and minimize intracellular accumulation of 2'3'-cGAMP to avoid T cell infiltration and decrease response to PD-1 blockade. However, transient MPS1 inhibition can re-activate the STING pathway in KL cells and restore T cell infiltration, enhancing the efficacy of anti-PD-1 treatment.

CANCER CELL (2022)

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Article Oncology

Combination of oral STING agonist MSA-2 and anti-TGF-β/PD-L1 bispecific antibody YM101: a novel immune cocktail therapy for non-inflamed tumors

Ming Yi et al.

Summary: The combination therapy of MSA-2 and YM101 enhances antitumor immunity and effectively overcomes immunotherapy resistance in immune-excluded and immune-desert models.

JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY (2022)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Improving cancer immunotherapy by rationally combining oncolytic virus with modulators targeting key signaling pathways

Zhi Zhu et al.

Summary: Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are a new class of multi-modal immunotherapies for cancer, with the key to their effectiveness being the immune response they elicit. However, the clinical effectiveness of OV as a monotherapy is limited, leading researchers to explore combinations with other anti-cancer agents. The signaling pathways in cancer and immune cells offer promising targets for rational cancer therapy design. Small molecule modulators of these pathways have shown potential in enhancing anti-tumor immunity.

MOLECULAR CANCER (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

STING-induced regulatory B cells compromise NK function in cancer immunity

Sirui Li et al.

Summary: An immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment poses a major obstacle in controlling pancreatic and other solid cancers. Activation of the STING-IL-35 axis in regulatory B cells can expand their activity and overcome tumor immunosuppression. However, this inhibition also attenuates the anti-tumor response of NK cells.

NATURE (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Signal strength of STING activation determines cytokine plasticity and cell death in human monocytes

Dieter Kabelitz et al.

Summary: This study reveals the influence of signal strength on the cytokine plasticity of human monocytes upon STING activation. Higher concentrations of ligands induce pro-inflammatory cytokines, while lower concentrations stimulate the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2022)

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Article Oncology

STING promotes proliferation and induces drug resistance in colorectal cancer by regulating the AMPK-mTOR pathway

Huihui Yao et al.

Summary: This study found that STING expression is significantly up-regulated in CRC tissues and is correlated with the TNM stage of patients. STING promotes cell proliferation, invasion ability, and drug resistance in CRC through the AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway.

JOURNAL OF GASTROINTESTINAL ONCOLOGY (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Medicinal

Design, Synthesis, and Biochemical and Biological Evaluation of Novel 7-Deazapurine Cyclic Dinucleotide Analogues as STING Receptor Agonists

Zdenek Vavrina et al.

Summary: This study synthesized CDNs containing 7-substituted 7-deazapurine moiety using enzymatic synthesis and Suzuki-Miyaura cross-couplings. The new CDNs showed better affinity to human STING and higher activity in inducing cytokine and chemokine production compared to the natural ligand of STING. X-ray structural analysis revealed π-π stacking interactions between aromatic substituents and Tyr240 in the CDNs-STING complexes.

JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY (2022)

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Review Medical Laboratory Technology

Connexin and gap junctions: perspectives from biology to nanotechnology based therapeutics

Shlok Jindal et al.

Summary: The concept of gap junctions and connexins in intercellular communication has been known for around 50 years. While progress has been made in understanding their role in various cellular processes, the lack of advanced therapeutics utilizing gap junction intercellular communication is primarily due to inadequacies in targeting specific connexin proteins in affected tissues with minimal collateral damage. Nanotechnology offers potential solutions to develop more efficient connexin-based therapeutics.

TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH (2021)

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Article

Intratumoral immunotherapy with STING agonist, ADU-S100, induces CD8+ T-Cell mediated anti-tumor immunity in an esophageal adenocarcinoma model

Ali H. Zaidi et al.

Oncotarget (2021)

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Article Oncology

STING agonist-based treatment promotes vascular normalization and tertiary lymphoid structure formation in the therapeutic melanoma microenvironment

Manoj Chelvanambi et al.

Summary: The activation of STING within the TME leads to slowed melanoma growth, increased production of antiangiogenic and TLS-inducing factors, as well as improved VN and enhanced tumor infiltration by immune cells. The delivery of low-dose STING agonist promotes a proinflammatory TME supportive of TLS formation and tumor growth control.

JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

CGAS is a micronucleophagy receptor for the clearance of micronuclei

Mengmeng Zhao et al.

Summary: The study shows that CGAS can reduce the abundance of micronuclei by promoting autophagy, thus maintaining micronuclei homeostasis. The direct interaction between CGAS and MAP1LC3B is crucial for the autophagic clearance of micronuclei, leading to inhibition of cGAMP production induced by genotoxic stress. This research reveals an important role of CGAS in the selective autophagic clearance of micronuclei.

AUTOPHAGY (2021)

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Article Oncology

Interferon- and STING-independent induction of type I interferon stimulated genes during fractionated irradiation

Ruben S. A. Goedegebuure et al.

Summary: Clinically applied fractionated low-dose irradiation induces a delayed type I interferon response independently of interferon expression or STING signaling. These findings have implications for targeting the type I interferon response in cancer treatment. Time-course analyses showed a peak in interferon-stimulated gene expression within 2-3 weeks of treatment.

JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

cGAS-STING cytosolic DNA sensing pathway is suppressed by JAK2-STAT3 in tumor cells

Manuel Adrian Suter et al.

Summary: Deficiencies in DNA repair and nucleases lead to cytosolic DNA accumulation. The cGAS-STING pathway is important for detecting cytosolic DNA, but its function can be modulated by IL-6 and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways in cancer cells, affecting interferon expression and tumor rejection.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

STING agonist and IDO inhibitor combination therapy inhibits tumor progression in murine models of colorectal cancer

Jiaqi Shi et al.

Summary: The combination therapy of STING agonist diABZI and IDO inhibitor 1-MT shows significant inhibition of tumor growth in CRC, leading to increased recruitment of immune cells and decreased infiltration of suppressor cells. This combination therapy holds promise as a potential option for the treatment of CRC.

CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Review Cell Biology

Causes and consequences of micronuclei

Ksenia Krupina et al.

Summary: Micronuclei are small compartments with DNA content encapsulated by a nuclear envelope, found in cancers, during senescence, and after genotoxic stress. Compromised integrity of the micronuclear envelope disrupts DNA replication and repair, exposing micronuclear DNA to cytoplasm. Micronuclei play a central role in tumorigenesis, being a source of complex genome rearrangements and promoting a cellular immune response that may contribute to cancer metastasis.

CURRENT OPINION IN CELL BIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Oncology

MYC suppresses STING-dependent innate immunity by transcriptionally upregulating DNMT1 in triple-negative breast cancer

Si-Yu Wu et al.

Summary: This study identified two distinct microenvironment phenotypes, 'inflamed' and 'non-inflamed', within the classic basal-like subtype of TNBC, and revealed that MYC amplification and overexpression led to the formation of the non-inflamed TIME. Combination therapy with a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor and immunotherapy reversed T cell exhaustion and improved T cell function, resulting in potent antitumor activity in MYC-overexpressing TNBC.

JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER (2021)

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Article Oncology

STING agonist loaded lipid nanoparticles overcome anti-PD-1 resistance in melanoma lung metastasis via NK cell activation

Takashi Nakamura et al.

Summary: STING-LNP treatment can overcome PD-1 resistance by activating NK cells, resulting in an increase in PD-L1 expression on cancer cells and ultimately producing a synergistic antitumor effect.

JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER (2021)

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Review Immunology

The cGAS-STING pathway as a therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases

Alexiane Decout et al.

Summary: The cGAS-STING signaling pathway plays a crucial role in inflammation in infection, cellular stress, and tissue damage settings. It has the ability to sense and regulate cellular responses to DNA and has the potential to be targeted in the treatment of various inflammatory diseases.

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Materials Science, Biomaterials

The lipid platform increases the activity of STING agonists to synergize checkpoint blockade therapy against melanoma

Kesang Li et al.

Summary: In this study, the targeted delivery of cGAMP using LP-cGAMP was found to enhance DC maturation and CD8(+) T cell infiltration, leading to a superior antitumor effect in melanoma models when combined with anti-PD-L1 therapy. This demonstrates the great potential of combinational immune therapy for producing a long-lasting anti-tumor effect.

BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE (2021)

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Review Immunology

Myeloid immunosuppression and immune checkpoints in the tumor microenvironment

Kyohei Nakamura et al.

CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Review Oncology

Cellular senescence and senescence-associated secretory phenotype via the cGAS-STING signaling pathway in cancer

Tze Mun Loo et al.

CANCER SCIENCE (2020)

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Article Cell Biology

Mitochondrial Integrity Regulated by Lipid Metabolism Is a Cell-Intrinsic Checkpoint for Treg Suppressive Function

Cameron S. Field et al.

CELL METABOLISM (2020)

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Review Cell Biology

AMPK and TOR: The Yin and Yang of Cellular Nutrient Sensing and Growth Control

Asier Gonzalez et al.

CELL METABOLISM (2020)

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Article Microbiology

Connexin-Dependent Transfer of cGAMP to Phagocytes Modulates Antiviral Responses

Genevieve Pepin et al.

MBIO (2020)

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Review Cell Biology

Molecular mechanisms and cellular functions of cGAS-STING signalling

Karl-Peter Hopfner et al.

NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY (2020)

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Review Oncology

cGAS-STING, an important pathway in cancer immunotherapy

Minlin Jiang et al.

JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

STING cyclic dinucleotide sensing originated in bacteria

Benjamin R. Morehouse et al.

NATURE (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Structural basis for sequestration and autoinhibition of cGAS by chromatin

Sebastian Michalski et al.

NATURE (2020)

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Article Cell Biology

Extracellular SQSTM1 as an inflammatory mediator

Borong Zou et al.

AUTOPHAGY (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Antitumor activity of a systemic STING-activating non-nucleotide cGAMP mimetic

Emily N. Chin et al.

SCIENCE (2020)

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Review Oncology

Inflammatory microenvironment remodelling by tumour cells after radiotherapy

Martin McLaughlin et al.

NATURE REVIEWS CANCER (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

cGAS facilitates sensing of extracellular cyclic dinucleotides to activate innate immunity

Haipeng Liu et al.

EMBO REPORTS (2019)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The Cytoplasmic DNA Sensor cGAS Promotes Mitotic Cell Death

Christian Zierhut et al.

CELL (2019)

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Review Immunology

Inflammation and Cancer: Triggers, Mechanisms, and Consequences

Florian R. Greten et al.

IMMUNITY (2019)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Development of human cGAS-specific small-molecule inhibitors for repression of dsDNA-triggered interferon expression

Lodoe Lama et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2019)

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Article Oncology

Suppression of tumor antigen presentation during aneuploid tumor evolution contributes to immune evasion

Reshmi Tripathi et al.

ONCOIMMUNOLOGY (2019)

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Article Oncology

Targeting interferon signaling and CTLA-4 enhance the therapeutic efficacy of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in preclinical model of HPV+ oral cancer

Stephanie Dorta-Estremera et al.

JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER (2019)

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Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Endosomolytic polymersomes increase the activity of cyclic dinucleotide STING agonists to enhance cancer immunotherapy

Daniel Shae et al.

NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY (2019)

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Article Oncology

Suppression of STING Associated with LKB1 Loss in KRAS-Driven Lung Cancer

Shunsuke Kitapma et al.

CANCER DISCOVERY (2019)

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Article Immunology

Combination of STING Pathway Agonist With Saponin Is an Effective Adjuvant in Immunosenescent Mice

Elena V. Vassilieva et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2019)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Blocking IFNAR1 inhibits multiple myeloma-driven Treg expansion and immunosuppression

Yawara Kawano et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2018)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Chromosomal instability drives metastasis through a cytosolic DNA response

Samuel F. Bakhoum et al.

NATURE (2018)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The Multifaceted Role of Chromosomal Instability in Cancer and Its Microenvironment

Samuel F. Bakhoum et al.

CELL (2018)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Targeting STING with covalent small-molecule inhibitors

Simone M. Haag et al.

NATURE (2018)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Nuclear cGAS suppresses DNA repair and promotes tumorigenesis

Haipeng Liu et al.

NATURE (2018)

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Article Cell Biology

Magnitude of Therapeutic STING Activation Determines CD8+ T Cell-Mediated Anti-tumor Immunity

Kelsey E. Sivick et al.

CELL REPORTS (2018)

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Article Oncology

Activation of STING-Dependent Innate Immune Signaling By S-Phase-Specific DNA Damage in Breast Cancer

Eileen E. Parkes et al.

JNCI-JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE (2017)

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Article Oncology

Activation of STING-Dependent Innate Immune Signaling By S-Phase-Specific DNA Damage in Breast Cancer

Eileen E. Parkes et al.

JNCI-JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE (2017)

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Article Immunology

Cutting Edge: Activation of STING in T Cells Induces Type I IFN Responses and Cell Death

Bridget Larkin et al.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2017)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

cGAS surveillance of micronuclei links genome instability to innate immunity

Karen J. Mackenzie et al.

NATURE (2017)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Cytoplasmic chromatin triggers inflammation in senescence and cancer

Zhixun Dou et al.

NATURE (2017)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Tracking the Evolution of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

M. Jamal-Hanjani et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2017)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Small molecule inhibition of cGAS reduces interferon expression in primary macrophages from autoimmune mice

Jessica Vincent et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2017)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Discovery of PF-06928215 as a high affinity inhibitor of cGAS enabled by a novel fluorescence polarization assay

Justin Hall et al.

PLOS ONE (2017)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The DNA Inflammasome in Human Myeloid Cells Is Initiated by a STING-Cell Death Program Upstream of NLRP3

Moritz M. Gaidt et al.

CELL (2017)

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Article Oncology

STING Promotes the Growth of Tumors Characterized by Low Antigenicity via IDO Activation

Henrique Lemos et al.

CANCER RESEARCH (2016)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Carcinoma-astrocyte gap junctions promote brain metastasis by cGAMP transfer

Qing Chen et al.

NATURE (2016)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Antitumor Activity of cGAMP via Stimulation of cGAS-cGAMPSTING-IRF3 Mediated Innate Immune Response

Tiejun Li et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2016)

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Article Immunology

Mycobacterium bovis Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Mediated-Apoptosis by Activating IRF3 in a Murine Macrophage Cell Line

Yongyong Cui et al.

FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY (2016)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Nanoparticu late STING agonists are potent lymph node-targeted vaccine adjuvants

Melissa C. Hanson et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2015)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Mitochondrial DNA stress primes the antiviral innate immune response

A. Phillip West et al.

NATURE (2015)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

STING activation of tumor endothelial cells initiates spontaneous and therapeutic antitumor immunity

Olivier Demaria et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2015)

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Article Cell Biology

Direct Activation of STING in the Tumor Microenvironment Leads to Potent and Systemic Tumor Regression and Immunity

Leticia Corrales et al.

CELL REPORTS (2015)

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Review Immunology

STING: infection, inflammation and cancer

Glen N. Barber

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2015)

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Article Immunology

STING-Dependent Cytosolic DNA Sensing Mediates Innate Immune Recognition of Immunogenic Tumors

Seng-Ryong Woo et al.

IMMUNITY (2014)

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Article Immunology

STING-Dependent Cytosolic DNA Sensing Promotes Radiation-Induced Type I Interferon-Dependent Antitumor Immunity in Immunogenic Tumors

Liufu Deng et al.

IMMUNITY (2014)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Pan-viral specificity of IFN-induced genes reveals new roles for cGAS in innate immunity

John W. Schoggins et al.

NATURE (2014)

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Article Cell Biology

The Cytosolic DNA Sensor cGAS Forms an Oligomeric Complex with DNA and Undergoes Switch-like Conformational Changes in the Activation Loop

Xu Zhang et al.

CELL REPORTS (2014)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Cyclic [G(2′,5′) pA(3′,5′)p] Is the Metazoan Second Messenger Produced by DNA-Activated Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase

Pu Gao et al.

CELL (2013)

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Article Immunology

Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase Is Activated by Double-Stranded DNA-Induced Oligomerization

Xin Li et al.

IMMUNITY (2013)

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Article Immunology

Cutting Edge: DNA Sensing via the STING Adaptor in Myeloid Dendritic Cells Induces Potent Tolerogenic Responses

Lei Huang et al.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2013)

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Article Immunology

Mouse, but not Human STING, Binds and Signals in Response to the Vascular Disrupting Agent 5,6-Dimethylxanthenone-4-Acetic Acid

Joseph Conlon et al.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2013)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

STING-IRF3 pathway links endoplasmic reticulum stress with hepatocyte apoptosis in early alcoholic liver disease

Jan Petrasek et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2013)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Cyclic GMP-AMP Is an Endogenous Second Messenger in Innate Immune Signaling by Cytosolic DNA

Jiaxi Wu et al.

SCIENCE (2013)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase Is a Cytosolic DNA Sensor That Activates the Type I Interferon Pathway

Lijun Sun et al.

SCIENCE (2013)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Comprehensive classification of nucleotidyltransferase fold proteins: identification of novel families and their representatives in human

Krzysztof Kuchta et al.

NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH (2009)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

STING is an endoplasmic reticulum adaptor that facilitates innate immune signalling

Hiroki Ishikawa et al.

NATURE (2008)

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Article Oncology

Clinical aspects of a phase I trial of 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid (DMXAA), a novel antivascular agent

MB Jameson et al.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER (2003)

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