Short-term heat stress assays resolve effects of host strain, repeat stress, and bacterial inoculation on Aiptasia thermal tolerance phenotypes

Editorial Material Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Mitigating the ecological collapse of coral reef ecosystems Effective strategies to preserve coral reef ecosystems

Christian R. Voolstra et al.

Summary: Global warming is causing significant damage to coral reefs. Urgent actions must be taken to mitigate and restore in order to prevent their complete extinction.

EMBO REPORTS (2023)

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Article Limnology

The Coral Bleaching Automated Stress System (CBASS): A low-cost, portable system for standardized empirical assessments of coral thermal limits

Nicolas. R. R. Evensen et al.

Summary: Ocean warming is causing increasing harm to marine ecosystems worldwide, particularly affecting reef-building corals through more frequent and severe mass bleaching events. The ability of corals to resist or recover from bleaching varies, and understanding this thermal resilience is crucial for the persistence of coral reefs. However, there is a lack of standardized diagnostic approaches to assess coral thermal vulnerability before bleaching events. The Coral Bleaching Automated Stress System (CBASS) is a cost-effective and portable experimental system that can rapidly assess coral thermal thresholds using standardized temperature stress profiles and diagnostics.

LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY-METHODS (2023)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Horizon scanning the application of probiotics for wildlife

Neus Garcias-Bonet et al.

TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2023)

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Article Marine & Freshwater Biology

Empirically derived thermal thresholds of four coral species along the Red Sea using a portable and standardized experimental approach

Nicolas R. Evensen et al.

Summary: Global warming is causing unprecedented loss of species and habitats. Tropical coral reefs are particularly affected, with an increasing number of reefs experiencing mass bleaching and mortality. Therefore, there is a need for a standardized experimental approach to assess coral thermal limits and predict their survival across regions.

CORAL REEFS (2022)

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Review Microbiology

Harnessing the microbiome to prevent global biodiversity loss

Raquel S. Peixoto et al.

Summary: Global biodiversity loss and mass extinction of species have become crucial environmental issues, leading to disruptions in various ecosystems and human health. Microbiome-targeted interventions, such as probiotics and microbiome transplants, are emerging as potential options to reverse biodiversity deterioration and enhance wildlife and ecosystem resilience. However, implementation of these interventions is urgently needed. This article summarizes concepts, challenges, and ethical aspects of microbiome stewardship, which involves managing ecosystem resources responsibly to restore organisms and ecosystem functions. A framework guiding the application of environmental and wildlife probiotics is proposed, with consideration of risks versus the consequences of inaction. Careful and responsible microbiome management is critical to counteract biodiversity loss, but practical and regulatory obstacles must be addressed to maximize its effectiveness.

NATURE MICROBIOLOGY (2022)

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Review Microbiology

Methods and Strategies to Uncover Coral-Associated Microbial Dark Matter

Junia Schultz et al.

Summary: This study presents the strategies and technologies used to explore cultured coral-associated microbes (CAMs) and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each strategy. The study highlights the importance of understanding the roles of CAMs in coral health and their potential use in biotechnology.

MSYSTEMS (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Deoxygenation lowers the thermal threshold of coral bleaching

Rachel Alderdice et al.

Summary: Exposure to deoxygenation from climate warming and pollution can lower the thermal limit of corals and make them more vulnerable to bleaching under heat stress. It is important to integrate dissolved O-2 measurements into global monitoring programs of coral reefs.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2022)

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Article Ecology

Increasing comparability among coral bleaching experiments

A. G. Grottoli et al.

Summary: The importance of integrating diverse studies on coral bleaching to combat this global issue is highlighted. A common framework for coral bleaching experiments is proposed to enhance comparability among studies without stifling innovation. Transparency in methods used would strengthen comparisons and facilitate conservation strategies to mitigate coral bleaching worldwide.

ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Emergent properties in the responses of tropical corals to recurrent climate extremes

Terry P. Hughes et al.

Summary: The frequency, intensity, and spatial scale of climate extremes are changing rapidly due to anthropogenic global warming. Multiple climate-driven disturbances interact with each other over multi-decadal time frames, generating combined effects that cannot be predicted from single events alone. Understanding the emergent properties and collective dynamics of recurrent disturbances will be critical for predicting spatial refuges and cumulative ecological responses to anthropogenic climate change.

CURRENT BIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Evolutionary Biology

Coral Probiotics: Premise, Promise, Prospects

Raquel S. Peixoto et al.

Summary: The use of Beneficial Microorganisms for Corals (BMCs) has shown promise in improving coral health through various mechanisms such as promoting growth, enhancing stress resistance, and deterring pathogens. Current research has demonstrated the potential of BMCs in increasing coral resilience to stress. However, there are challenges and limitations that need to be addressed in order to facilitate the larger-scale application of BMCs for the benefit of corals and reefs globally.

ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANIMAL BIOSCIENCES, VOL 9, 2021 (2021)

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Article Limnology

Remarkably high and consistent tolerance of a Red Sea coral to acute and chronic thermal stress exposures

Nicolas R. Evensen et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that the ubiquitous coral Stylophora pistillata exhibits similar responses to acute and chronic thermal stress, primarily influenced by temperature treatment rather than duration or heating rate. Coral showed exceptional thermal tolerance, maintaining physiological performance up to 32 degrees C before suffering rapid tissue necrosis and mortality at 34.5 degrees C. The use of maximum quantum yield Fv/Fm measurements as a proxy for thermal tolerance could provide a systematic and standardized approach for comparing the upper thermal limits of reef-building corals.

LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

The evolution of critical thermal limits of life on Earth

Joanne M. Bennett et al.

Summary: Understanding the evolution of species' thermal limits across the tree of life is crucial for predicting responses to climate change. Research suggests that most variation in thermal tolerance is due to adaptation to current climatic extremes and the existence of evolutionary ‘attractors’. Cold tolerance has evolved more rapidly than heat tolerance, and historical climate legacies play an important role in ectotherms.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Biodiversity Conservation

Designing a blueprint for coral reef survival

Joan Kleypas et al.

Summary: Climate change poses a growing threat to coral reefs, highlighting the importance of climate mitigation in preventing ecosystem collapse. Innovative actions are needed to enhance reef resilience, alongside strong political and social commitment as well as sufficient funding for effective protection and conservation measures.

BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Fast and pervasive transcriptomic resilience and acclimation of extremely heat-tolerant coral holobionts from the northern Red Sea

Romain Savary et al.

Summary: The study found that Stylophora pistillata exhibits rapid and pervasive gene expression changes under high temperature stress, with basic recovery ability below 34.5 degrees Celsius. However, at 34.5 degrees Celsius, large gene expression differences and weak recovery capacity were observed, resulting in high mortality and a microbiome dominated by opportunistic bacteria.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Surface Topography, Bacterial Carrying Capacity, and the Prospect of Microbiome Manipulation in the Sea Anemone Coral Model Aiptasia

Ruben M. Costa et al.

Summary: Aiptasia is a promising model organism for studying cnidarian symbioses, showing similarities in surface architecture with stony corals. The study identified differences in bacterial carrying capacity between aposymbiotic and symbiotic Aiptasia anemones, and challenges in transplanting microbiomes between cnidarians. It also highlighted the potential for identifying broad-spectrum bacterial taxa for cross-species microbiome manipulation and the relevance of the work in coral microbial therapy and microbiome manipulation.

FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Towards enhancing coral heat tolerance: a microbiome transplantation treatment using inoculations of homogenized coral tissues

Talisa Doering et al.

Summary: The study found that coral recipients who received microbiome transplantation from heat-tolerant donors showed lower bleaching rates when exposed to short-term heat stress. Specific bacterial species from donors were identified in the microbial communities of recipients, indicating successful transmission. These findings suggest that recipient corals may preferentially take up putative bacterial symbionts, supporting resistance to heat stress more effectively than native symbionts. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of microbiome manipulation and to test the long-term persistence of these effects in field conditions.

MICROBIOME (2021)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Photophysiological Tolerance and Thermal Plasticity of Genetically Different Symbiodiniaceae Endosymbiont Species of Cnidaria

Vanessa Russnak et al.

Summary: The study found significant differences in photosynthetic performance and tolerance among different genetic types of Symbiodiniaceae, but most exhibited broad thermal tolerance, enabling them to adapt to temperature fluctuations in tropical regions.

FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Contrasting heat stress response patterns of coral holobionts across the Red Sea suggest distinct mechanisms of thermal tolerance

Christian R. Voolstra et al.

Summary: Corals from the northern Red Sea, particularly the Gulf of Aqaba, have exceptionally high bleaching thresholds, suggesting a historical selection process for increased heat tolerance. Gene expression and microbiome response differed significantly between Gulf of Aqaba and central Red Sea corals, indicating distinct thermal tolerance mechanisms that may impact coral populations' response to ocean warming.

MOLECULAR ECOLOGY (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Coral microbiome manipulation elicits metabolic and genetic restructuring to mitigate heat stress and evade mortality

Erika P. Santoro et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that Beneficial microorganisms for corals (BMCs) can protect corals from environmental stress, reduce mortality rates, and mitigate coral bleaching and mortality by inducing genetic and metabolic rearrangements in the coral host.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2021)

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Review Environmental Sciences

Extending the natural adaptive capacity of coral holobionts

Christian R. Voolstra et al.

Summary: Anthropogenic climate change and environmental degradation are causing global degradation of coral reefs. This Review explores how the natural adaptive capacity of coral holobionts can be utilized to combat the ongoing loss of coral reefs. Emerging approaches such as standardized acute thermal stress assays, selective sexual propagation, coral probiotics, and environmental hardening show promise for feasible and scalable solutions.

NATURE REVIEWS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT (2021)

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Review Biodiversity Conservation

Coral bleaching patterns are the outcome of complex biological and environmental networking

David J. Suggett et al.

GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY (2020)

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Article Microbiology

Exaiptasia diaphana from the great barrier reef: a valuable resource for coral symbiosis research

Ashley M. Dungan et al.

SYMBIOSIS (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Adapting with Microbial Help: Microbiome Flexibility Facilitates Rapid Responses to Environmental Change

Christian R. Voolstra et al.

BIOESSAYS (2020)

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Article Biodiversity Conservation

Standardized short-term acute heat stress assays resolve historical differences in coral thermotolerance across microhabitat reef sites

Christian R. Voolstra et al.

GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY (2020)

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Article Microbiology

Disease Diagnostics and Potential Coinfections by Vibrio coralliilyticus During an Ongoing Coral Disease Outbreak in Florida

Blake Ushijima et al.

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Coral bacterial community structure responds to environmental change in a host-specific manner

Maren Ziegler et al.

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Article Ecology

Marine probiotics: increasing coral resistance to bleaching through microbiome manipulation

Phillipe M. Rosado et al.

ISME JOURNAL (2019)

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Vibrio coralliilyticus infection triggers a behavioural response and perturbs nutritional exchange and tissue integrity in a symbiotic coral

E. Gibbin et al.

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Similar bacterial communities on healthy and injured skin of black tip reef sharks

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Spatial and temporal patterns of mass bleaching of corals in the Anthropocene

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Systematic Revision of Symbiodiniaceae Highlights the Antiquity and Diversity of Coral Endosymbionts

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Global warming transforms coral reef assemblages

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Global warming and recurrent mass bleaching of corals

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Bacterial community dynamics are linked to patterns of coral heat tolerance

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Review Microbiology

Beneficial Microorganisms for Corals (BMC): Proposed Mechanisms for Coral Health and Resilience

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FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2017)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Distinct Bacterial Communities Associated with the Coral Model Aiptasia in Aposymbiotic and Symbiotic States with Symbiodinium

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Microbiome structure of the fungid coral Ctenactis echinata aligns with environmental differences

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The genome of Aiptasia, a sea anemone model for coral symbiosis

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Induction of Gametogenesis in the Cnidarian Endosymbiosis Model Aiptasia sp.

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The cumulative impact of annual coral bleaching can turn some coral species winners into losers

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Isolation of clonal axenic strains of the symbiotic dinoflagellate Symbiodinium and their growth and host specificity

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Short-term heat stress assays resolve effects of host strain, repeat stress, and bacterial inoculation on Aiptasia thermal tolerance phenotypes

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