Geopolymer composites reinforced with natural Fibers: A review of recent advances in processing and properties

The construction sector is a significant contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions, resource depletion, and environmental degradation. Therefore, sustainable development in the construction sector is essential to reduce its environmental impact. Geopolymer materials have attracted particular attention offering technical properties similar to those of Portland cementitious materials with a much lower CO2 emission and lower environmental impact. Their use as clean insulating materials seems promising due to their excellent thermal and mechanical properties. Moreover, natural fibers, such as bamboo, flax, hemp, and jute, can be used as reinforcement within the geopolymer matrix, providing additional benefits such as improved tensile and flexural strength, reduced density, and improved thermal and acoustic insulation properties. Hence, this review paper aims to explore the raw materials and manufacturing conditions involved in the formation of compact and porous geopolymer materials. In addition, the various factors affecting the properties of geopolymer materials are critically discussed and compared with those of Portland cementitious materials. Moreover, the impact of many variables, including fiber size, fiber orientation, and fiber content on the performance of natural fiber-reinforced geopolymer composites are highlighted, providing insights for future research developments.

Automated summary

The construction sector plays a significant role in global environmental issues, making sustainable development in this industry crucial. Geopolymer materials have gained attention as they offer similar technical properties to Portland cementitious materials but with lower CO2 emissions and environmental impact. The use of natural fibers as reinforcement in geopolymer matrix can bring additional benefits. This paper aims to explore the raw materials, manufacturing conditions, and factors affecting the properties of geopolymer materials, as well as the impact of natural fiber-reinforced geopolymer composites.