Quasi-static compression tests of overwrapped composite pressure vessels under low velocity impact

Pressure vessels are being utilised in different applications that are indispensable including automobile, aerospace, underwater vehicles, oil and gas, chemical engineering among other applications. However, there is lack of knowledge on the influence of induced damage and the resulting performance of such vessels under quasistatic loading and axial compression. Specifically, the vessels studied in this study is made up of a highdensity polyethylene liner and glass fibre overwraps. Therefore, this research investigated the load bearing capacities and the energy absorbed of the indented vessels in axial and hoop directions to determine the resistance of the vessels after such damaged using experiment, and damage characterisation microscopy, non-destructive testing and analysis.Quasi-static transverse and axial compression testing was performed on composite cylinders made of polyethylene liner and glass fibre overwraps. Both quasi-static and axial compression tests were performed with Universal testing Machines at crosshead speed of 500 mm/min 2.5 mm/min respectively. Microstructural damage characterisation was conducted using microscopy and Dolphicam2 ultrasonic non-destructive testing equipment.This study provides a new understanding on the performance of composite pressure vessel under damaged and undamaged conditions has established the reliability and residual strength capabilities of composites under the scenarios investigated. The results shows that the damage profile and the effect on compressive strength of the composite damaged and non-damaged cylinders was found to be relatively similar. However, when the cylinders are subjected to quasi-static compression, the polyethylene absorbs enough elastic strain energy to recover from the applied compressive load and recover without being plastically deformed. Additionally, the results demonstrate that the quasi-static compression have little or no influence on the axial strength of the cylinders. The damage characterisation on the cylinders revealed fibre break and delamination and local bucking and brooming failure at the bottom of the cylinders. This study has direct impact in composite overwrapped pressure vessels (COPVs) safety design tolerances, manufactururing strategy and operational failure conditions.

Automated summary

This study investigates the performance of composite pressure vessels under damaged and undamaged conditions, providing insights into their reliability and residual strength capabilities. The results demonstrate that the damage profile and its effect on compressive strength are similar between damaged and non-damaged cylinders. When subjected to quasi-static compression, the polyethylene liner absorbs enough elastic strain energy to recover without plastic deformation. Additionally, quasi-static compression has little to no influence on the axial strength of the cylinders. The damage characterization reveals fiber breakage, delamination, local buckling, and brooming failure. This study has direct implications for the safety design tolerances, manufacturing strategies, and operational failure conditions of composite overwrapped pressure vessels (COPVs).