Sustainable Photo- and Electrochemical Transformation of White Phosphorous (P4) into P1 Organo-Compounds

Elemental white phosphorous (P-4) is a crucial feedstock for the entire phosphorus-derived chemical industry, serving as a common precursor for the ultimate preparation of high-grade monophosphorus (P-1) fine chemicals. However, the corresponding manufacturing processes generally suffer from a deep reliance on hazardous reagents, inputs of immense energy, emissions of toxic pollutants, and the generation of substantial waste, which have negative impacts on the environment. In this context, sustainability and safety concerns provide a consistent impetus for the urgent overall improvement of phosphorus cycles. In this Concept, we present an overview of the most recent growth in photo- and electrochemical synthesis of P-1 organo-compounds from P-4, with special emphasis on sustainable features. The key aspects of innovations regarding activation mode and mechanism have been comprehensively analyzed. A preliminary look at the possible future direction of development is also provided.

Automated summary

White phosphorous is a crucial raw material for the phosphorus chemical industry, but its manufacturing processes have negative environmental impacts. This article provides an overview of the recent advances in the photochemical and electrochemical synthesis of P-1 organo-compounds from P-4, with a focus on sustainability. The key aspects of innovation regarding activation mode and mechanism are comprehensively analyzed, and a preliminary outlook on future development is provided.