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Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Danielle E. Fagnani et al.
Summary: New approaches are needed to reduce and reuse plastic waste. This study shows that by using the HCl generated from PVC in a paired-electrolysis reaction to chlorinate arenes, PVC waste can be effectively utilized with a lower global warming potential compared to using HCl. This method may inspire other strategies for repurposing waste PVC and related polymers.
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Wenxi Li et al.
Summary: Plastic is a commonly used material in daily life due to its low cost, light weight, and tunable mechanical strength. However, the massive production of plastics has caused a global environmental crisis, with oceans being clogged and communities being poisoned. Photocatalytic conversion of plastics to hydrocarbons and recycling have emerged as promising strategies to mitigate microplastic pollution. This review summarizes the efforts and progress made in the photocatalysis of plastic degradation.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Xin Li et al.
Journal of Energy Chemistry
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jun Wang et al.
Summary: Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a promising approach for renewable solar light conversion, but surface Fermi level pinning severely restricts the PEC activities. Theoretical calculations suggest that subsurface oxygen vacancies could release the Fermi level pinning and maintain the active structure. A series of metal oxide semiconductors with subsurface oxygen vacancies were prepared and demonstrated to eliminate surface trap states and de-pin the Fermi level. Superior PEC performances were achieved on BiVO4, Bi2O3, and TiO2, surpassing most reported works under the same conditions.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2023)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Shiwen Du et al.
Summary: Photocatalysis based on semiconductor materials has attracted considerable research interest due to its applications in environmental remediation and renewable energy generation. This review provides an update on the recent developments of nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide (N-doped TiO2) materials for visible light-responsive photocatalysis. The review covers the preparation methods of N-doped/co-doped TiO2 photocatalysts and the mechanistic studies on the reasons for visible light response. Additionally, the most recent and significant advances in the field of solar energy applications of modified N-doped TiO2 are summarized.
TRANSACTIONS OF TIANJIN UNIVERSITY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Mario Urso et al.
Summary: The growing use of plastic materials has resulted in the accumulation of waste in marine environments, causing hazardous micro- and nanoplastics. These plastic particles absorb toxic pollutants, support bacterial growth, and spread through the food chain, posing serious risks to human health. Therefore, addressing nano/microplastics pollution is crucial, and self-propelled nano/microrobots have shown promise in their efficient removal. This review critically examines advanced strategies for nano/microplastics capture and degradation by autonomous nano/microrobots, as well as the challenges and future prospects of this research field.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Subhajit Bhattacharjee et al.
Summary: A perovskite-based photoelectrochemical device is reported to produce H-2 fuel and reform waste substrates with high product selectivity and formation rates, utilizing an oxidation catalyst to generate value-added products. The device shows significantly higher activity compared to conventional photoreforming systems and offers versatility in treating various waste streams. This PEC platform demonstrates potential as a commercially viable alternative for waste utilization.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jun-Qiu Yan et al.
Summary: A ternary NixCo1-xP/rGO/CN composite was reported as a photocatalyst for synergistic poly(lactic acid) photoreforming and H2 generation, with high H2 production rate and apparent quantum efficiency. The study found that rGO and Ni0.1Co0.9P played crucial roles in electron transport and H2 generation in the composite.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Shuandi Wang et al.
Summary: This study successfully improves the efficiency of generating hydroxyl radicals in advanced oxidation processes by using spinel-type cobalt acid manganese catalyst. The catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic performance and stability, offering a feasible solution for practical environmental problems.
CHINESE CHEMICAL LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Ting Zhang et al.
Summary: Fenton reaction plays important roles in biological and environmental remediation, but the low efficiency of H2O2/Fe(II/III) oxidation under acidic conditions limits its application. The study reveals that carbon quantum dots (CQDs) exhibit a higher H2O2 utilization efficiency and can improve the selectivity of toxic intermediates. Furthermore, the CQDs-Fe(III)/H2O2 process is less affected by inorganic ions and dissolved organic matter (DOM) in groundwater.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Bingqian Cao et al.
Summary: In this study, a series of MXene/ZnxCd1-xS photocatalysts were successfully fabricated for H-2 evolution integrated with degradation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The photocatalysts exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance, converting PET into useful organic micro molecules while achieving high H-2 evolution rates.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jianying Wang et al.
Summary: Upcycling plastic waste pollution for sustainable resources and energy is an ideal solution to environmental issues. This study reports an electrochemical upcycling approach using Cu-based nanowire catalysts to oxidize PET waste and produce valued chemicals and green hydrogen.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Z. T. Laldinpuii et al.
Summary: The decomposition of used PET bottles using bamboo leaf ash as a catalyst resulted in high yields of DMT and EG. The catalyst showed excellent thermal stability, bio-compatibility, and recyclability, making it an attractive and greener alternative for PET depolymerization.
JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Baopeng Yang et al.
Summary: Electrochemical CO2 reduction is a promising method for reducing CO2 emissions. This study presents a generic strategy to enhance the local electric field and temperature simultaneously, significantly improving the catalytic ability of copper nanoneedles and resulting in improved C-2 production.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Fan Zhang et al.
Summary: Plastics, as versatile materials, have caused significant environmental problems and resource waste due to their extensive production and difficulty in degradation. This article summarizes recently developed chemical recycling methods for plastics, especially new catalytic paths, that aim to economically and environmentally valorize plastic waste. The article emphasizes the design criteria for new catalysts and innovative catalytic technologies for plastic upcycling.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jiaqi Xu et al.
Summary: This study demonstrates the sustainable and efficient conversion of plastics into renewable syngas using solar energy and water at ambient conditions. It provides a promising solution to address both 'white pollution' and the energy crisis.
NATIONAL SCIENCE REVIEW
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xin Zhao et al.
Summary: This review presents the latest research on plastics upcycling, covering sustainable approaches and technologies, as well as the use of renewable energy and selective methods to repurpose synthetic polymers. It also introduces thermal upcycling, chemical deconstruction of plastics, advancements in heterogeneous and homogeneous photocatalysis and electrocatalysis, and biotechnological advances in microbial decomposition of plastics.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Shenlong Zhao et al.
Summary: Studying the structure-activity correlations of electrocatalysts is crucial for improving the conversion of electrical to chemical energy. Recent evidence obtained through operando characterization techniques shows that the structural evolution of catalysts, caused by their interaction with electric fields, electrolytes, and reactants/intermediates, leads to the formation of real active sites. It is therefore important to summarize the research advances in structural evolution and envision future developments. In this Minireview, the fundamental concepts associated with structural evolution, the triggers of this evolution, and advanced operando characterizations are discussed. The reversibility of structural evolution in heterogeneous electrocatalysis, with a focus on the oxygen evolution and CO2 reduction reactions, is also highlighted. Finally, the key challenges and opportunities in this exciting field are presented.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2022)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Zhe-Hui Zhang et al.
Summary: This article summarizes the recent advances in the catalytic upgrading of biomass-derived platform chemicals using hydrotalcite-derived metal catalysts, and emphasizes the importance of metal-support interactions.
TRANSACTIONS OF TIANJIN UNIVERSITY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Fahao Ma et al.
Summary: In this study, a Ni3N/W5N4 nanostructure was designed to achieve efficient electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and microplastics reforming. The new material exhibits Pt-like HER performance and excellent stability, enabling the upgrading of plastic wastes and energy-saving hydrogen production in seawater.
APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xueqin Gong et al.
Summary: Photoreforming of plastic waste is achieved by using in-situ derived carbon nitride-carbon nanotubes-NiMo hybrids as efficient and stable photocatalysts. The strong pi-pi interaction between in-situ derived CNTs and CN promotes electron transfer, increasing carrier lifetime and enhancing photocatalytic activity. The strong interaction between the photocatalyst and ethylene glycol in plastics is observed, providing evidence of charge transfer and guiding the rational design of highly efficient photocatalysts for plastics photoreforming.
APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Federico Dattila et al.
Summary: This study reviews recent progress in computational modeling of electrocatalytic systems, focusing on electrochemical CO2 reduction and hydrogen evolution. Novel approaches such as ab initio calculations and machine learning have been employed to partially reproduce surface reconstruction and interpret experimental data, providing insights for future research directions.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zhiliang Huang et al.
Summary: This study describes a light-driven, acid-catalyzed protocol for the chemical recycling of polystyrene waste, which can convert waste into valuable chemicals under environmentally friendly conditions. The involvement of reactive oxygen species, singlet oxygen, and the potential role of an adduct between polystyrene and an acid catalyst as a photosensitizer are investigated.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sewon Oh et al.
Summary: This study reports a technique for the chemical upcycling of polystyrene into benzoyl products, primarily benzoic acid, through a catalyst-controlled photooxidative degradation method. The results demonstrate that this method is efficient in degrading polystyrene and producing targeted small molecule products.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Coralie Jehanno et al.
Summary: The majority of plastic waste is not degraded, leading to permanent pollution. Chemical recycling and upcycling provide new opportunities for sustainable plastic economy.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jianying Wang et al.
Summary: Electrocatalytic valorization of PET plastic coupled with CO2 reduction offers an efficient strategy for producing value-added chemicals, with high selectivity and Faradaic efficiency for formic acid production.
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Sheng Chu et al.
Summary: This review comprehensively summarizes the recent advances in plastic conversion through photocatalysis, with a focus on the photocatalytic mechanism and the selective C-C and C-H bond transformations of plastics. The challenges and perspectives on establishing a sustainable and circular plastic economy are also discussed.
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Xuan Liu et al.
Summary: This study demonstrates the preparation of free-standing heterostructured Ni3N-Ni0.2Mo0.8N nanowire arrays on carbon cloth electrodes, which effectively promote glycerol oxidation reaction (GOR) to produce high-purity formate and achieve efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at a lower voltage. Moreover, the same electrode catalyzes the conversion of ethylene glycol from PET plastic hydrolysate into formate, providing a new strategy for improving energy utilization efficiency.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Tunga Salthammer
Summary: Analyses have shown that microplastic pollution in indoor environments could be a significant hygienic problem. Microplastics can be generated from abrasion, added to household products, and found in synthetic materials. There is also a debate on whether particulate emissions from 3D printing should be classified as microplastics or nanoplastics. Textiles are also considered as a potential source of indoor microplastics. It is recommended to further investigate residents' exposure to microplastics and to implement preventive measures.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Shanyong Chen et al.
Summary: The research reveals that pyrrole-type CoN4 and pyridine-type CoN4 are responsible for 2e- ORR and 4e- ORR reactions, respectively. Pyrrole-type CoN4 catalyst exhibits excellent H2O2 selectivity and yield in acid media. This study is significant for understanding the structure-function relationship of Co-N4 single-atom catalysts and improving H2O2 production.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tengfei Li et al.
Summary: Chemical recycling of synthetic polymers is a promising strategy to deconstruct plastic waste and produce valuable products. In this study, a visible-light-driven reaction was developed to deconstruct polystyrene (PS) into benzoic acid and other aromatic products, and the practicality of this strategy was demonstrated by deconstructing PS foam on a gram scale. The reaction proceeded via a C-H bond oxidation pathway, which was supported by theoretical calculations and experimental results. The study introduces concepts from small-molecule catalysis to polymer deconstruction and provides a promising method to address the global crisis of plastic pollution.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xin Li et al.
Summary: The study successfully demonstrated the modulation of oxidation ability of the photogenerated holes on the Fe2O3/Ni(OH)x photoanode, allowing for the photocatalytic conversion of waste PET plastic with high selectivity towards formic acid/formate. The introduction of Ni(OH)x cocatalyst effectively tuned the oxidation ability of the photogenerated holes, leading to the efficient production of formic acid/formate products.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yuman Qin et al.
Summary: This study presents an integrated strategy for synthesizing lower aromatics and bioactive compounds from real-life polystyrene-based wastes. Gram-scale transformations of the waste materials were achieved to demonstrate practicality, and detailed mechanistic investigations provided insights into the reaction mechanism and the role of reagents involved.
Review
Energy & Fuels
Dunfeng Gao et al.
Summary: Catalytic conversion of CO2 into chemicals and fuels is a method to reduce carbon emissions and achieve carbon neutrality. This review summarizes the recent progress in this field and highlights studies on different conversion routes. The structure-performance correlations of catalytic materials have been revealed through spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. Improving catalytic selectivity and stability is necessary in the future.
TRANSACTIONS OF TIANJIN UNIVERSITY
(2022)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Qing Lan et al.
Summary: In this review, recent progress in the catalytic application of polynuclear metal-oxo clusters for water splitting and CO2 reduction is systematically summarized. The challenges and solutions to the problems of polynuclear metal-oxo clusters in photocatalysis are also discussed.
TRANSACTIONS OF TIANJIN UNIVERSITY
(2022)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Tahta Amrillah et al.
Summary: The interest in converting CO2 to value-added chemicals and fuels has been growing, and MXenes have emerged as promising catalysts for this purpose. This review highlights the research progress and recent developments in the application of MXene-based catalysts, particularly for photoreduction and electroreduction of CO2. The mechanisms behind photocatalytic and electrocatalytic CO2 conversion are also discussed, along with future research directions in the field.
TRANSACTIONS OF TIANJIN UNIVERSITY
(2022)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Haifei Wang et al.
Summary: This review discusses the solution-based deposition techniques for large-area perovskite films and the effects of operating conditions on the films. Different structural designs for PSMs are also presented. Understanding the fabricating processes and suitable structural design play important roles in controlling the quality of large-area perovskite films and minimizing energy loss.
TRANSACTIONS OF TIANJIN UNIVERSITY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Fei Liu et al.
Summary: In this study, polarized potassium niobate (KNbO3) nanosheets were synthesized and used as photocatalysts for plastic waste treatment. The polarization process enhanced the separation of photoexcited charges and significantly improved the photocatalytic efficiency for the degradation of polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) by about 210% and 140% respectively, compared to non-polarized KNbO3. Moreover, polarized KNbO3 also exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity for the degradation of real-world waste plastic products.
APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Fulai Liu et al.
Summary: This study reports a general electrocatalytic strategy for selectively upgrading various polyester plastics into valuable chemicals using a CuCo2O4/Ni foam catalyst. The method efficiently converts polyethylene terephthalate (PET) into terephthalate and formate, providing guidance for the design of new electrocatalysts.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yu Liu et al.
Summary: Solar thermal catalysis is a highly efficient and eco-friendly method for extracting value-added products from end-of-life plastics. It has the advantage of low energy consumption and carbon emissions compared to traditional thermal catalysis methods.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
HuangJingWei Li et al.
Summary: This study reveals that the local electric field promotes the C-C coupling reaction and enhances CO2 electroreduction to C-2 products. By preparing Cu catalysts with different curvatures, it was demonstrated that high-curvature nanoneedles induce a large local electric field, thus promoting C-C coupling. This work provides an effective strategy for enhancing the production of multi-carbon products during CO2RR.
CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Vjekoslav Strukil
Summary: Despite advancements in chemical recycling of synthetic polymers, efficient conversion of post-consumer PET into TPA under ambient conditions remains a challenge. Mechanochemistry and solid-state ball milling show promise in achieving this conversion, as demonstrated in this study on a gram-scale depolymerization of PET into TPA.
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Bryan D. Vogt et al.
Summary: The widespread use of plastics poses challenges for waste management, but innovative strategies and technologies can help achieve effective recycling and circular utilization.
ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS
(2021)
Review
Polymer Science
Zoe O. G. Schyns et al.
Summary: The current global plastics economy is linear, but transitioning to a circular economy is crucial for reducing environmental impacts through degradation, reuse, and recycling. Mechanical recycling plays a key role in a sustainable plastic economy, but challenges such as high costs, mechanical property degradation, and inconsistent product quality need to be addressed.
MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Haruki Nagakawa et al.
Summary: The research aims to develop a stable and efficient photocatalytic system for hydrogen production from organic waste. Utilizing CdOx/CdS/SiC composite catalyst promotes hydrogen production under light irradiation, enhancing the hydrolysis of waste and increasing the rate of hydrogen generation.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Lili Zhao et al.
Summary: The article introduces a method for preparing CdS/MoS2 nanooctahedron heterostructure through in-situ sulfidation. MoS2 as a co-catalyst provides active sites for H-2 generation and enhances the separation of photo-generated carriers. The sulfidation of CdMoO4 precursors ensures a tight contact interface by S atoms between CdS and MoS2, which improves the photocatalytic H-2 evolution activity.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Coralie Jehanno et al.
Summary: Chemical recycling of plastic waste offers a greener alternative to landfill and incineration, with the potential for selective and sequential depolymerization of specific plastics to produce high added value molecules. This method showcases the promise of catalytic depolymerization in providing solutions for environmental consequences of increased plastic waste.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yaxuan Jing et al.
Summary: By catalytic hydrogenolysis using a Ru/Nb2O5 catalyst, various aromatic plastic wastes containing C-O and/or C-C linkages can be upgraded to arenes, presenting a new approach to addressing the environmental impact of plastic waste.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xin Li et al.
Summary: This study investigated three typical photoelectrodes for PEC-RCS systems and found that BiVO4 demonstrated superior performance in inhibiting the formation of harmful oxychlorides compared to TiO2 and WO3. By utilizing valence band dependent photoelectrochemical properties, BiVO4 could effectively restrict the production of ClO3- and ClO4-, making it a promising candidate for PEC-RCS applications.
APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yuting Zhao et al.
Summary: A new type of composite photocatalyst, T@AIH, is designed with self-indicating and delayed-onset performance to increase the degradability of plastic. The color of T@AIH changes from blue to white when the photocatalytic performance starts, with tunable stable stage length and active stage reaction rate. The interconversion of polyiodide and high diffusivity in the composite play key roles in achieving stable and active stages.
APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Taylor Uekert et al.
Summary: Solar-driven reforming technology utilizes a photocatalyst to generate H-2 fuel from waste, facing challenges such as photocatalyst dispersion, light absorption competition, slow reaction rates, and low conversion yields. The immobilization of CNx|Ni2P photocatalyst on textured glass is shown to overcome these limitations, achieving efficient waste conversion.
Article
Polymer Science
Danielle E. Fagnani et al.
Summary: There has been an increased focus on sustainable polymers in recent years, but less attention has been paid to the end-of-life fate of polymers. It is suggested to place more emphasis on chemical recycling to promote a closed-loop plastic economy, in order to keep us on the path to sustainability.
Article
Polymer Science
Samson Lalhmangaihzuala et al.
Summary: In this study, a biomass-waste-derived heterogeneous catalyst was prepared from waste orange peel for the depolymerisation of PET to its monomer, BHET. The catalyst showed excellent catalytic performance, depolymerising PET within 90 minutes and producing 79% recrystallised BHET. The ability to reuse the catalyst for multiple cycles without significant loss of activity and its environmentally-friendly nature make it a promising green route for PET recycling.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lucas D. Ellis et al.
Summary: Recent research has developed a new chemical recycling technology that utilizes a heterogeneous catalyst system to depolymerize polyethylene feedstocks into a mixture of alkane products, offering a selective and versatile means to break down polyolefins at lower severity conditions.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Jechan Lee et al.
Summary: The use and recycling of plastics have become a growing concern, with traditional recycling methods being inefficient and leading to a decrease in physical properties. Chemical recycling emerges as a new alternative method, converting plastic waste into high-value chemicals.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Liye Chen et al.
Summary: This study reports a method for selectively catalytic oxidation of C-H bonds in polyethylenes with varying molecular weights and architectures, providing a new pathway for synthesizing functional and processable polyethylenes.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Antonio J. Martin et al.
Summary: This article discusses the importance of chemocatalytic transformations in addressing plastic pollution, providing a comprehensive analysis of the basic principles and applications of catalytic transformations of various plastics, and presenting relevant leading route systems. It emphasizes the role of the latest systems in the development field in driving material design to accelerate the development of a sustainable plastic economy.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jiayu Xin et al.
Summary: This paper reviews the development history and recycling of PET, focusing on catalytic glycolysis as a promising method. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of metallic catalysts and ILs, DESs, as well as the importance of glycolysis kinetics research.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Taylor Uekert et al.
Summary: Photoreforming is a sunlight-driven technology that can simultaneously reclaim the value in waste and contribute to renewable hydrogen production. This Review examines the advantages and challenges and identifies ways forward.
NATURE SUSTAINABILITY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yiqun Li et al.
Summary: The MoS2/Cd0.5Zn0.5S heterojunction with a loading mass of 4.3 wt% MoS2 demonstrates the best H-2 evolution rate of 15.90 mmol g(-1) h(-1 in an aqueous solution due to appropriate redox ability, great light absorption, and carrier separation abilities. The oxidation products of PET are analyzed by H-1-NMR spectroscopy, demonstrating efficient degradation to molecule compounds such as formate and acetate, providing a feasible solution to plastic pollution and sustainable clean energy demand simultaneously.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Cheng Tang et al.
Summary: The emerging electrocatalytic refinery (e-refinery) is a more sustainable and environmentally friendly strategy for converting renewable feedstocks and energy sources into transportable fuels and chemicals. Challenges remain in understanding mechanistic aspects and materials design for complex reactions in e-refinery processes.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Shuheng Tian et al.
Summary: A one-pot catalytic method has been demonstrated to convert polylactic acid into alanine using a Ru/TiO2 catalyst and ammonia solution treatment. The process achieves a 77% yield of alanine at 140 degrees C with an overall selectivity of 94% through recycling experiments.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Shenglu Lu et al.
Summary: A strong desire for circular economy has driven research on obtaining fuels and chemicals through plastic degradation. Utilizing Ru/Nb2O5 catalyst, successful conversion of H-2-free polyethylene terephthalate (PET) to BTX was achieved. Ru/Nb2O5 showed superior hydrogenolysis performance and poorer decarboxylation performance compared to Ru/NiAl2O4, leading to distinct selectivity to alkyl aromatics among BTX.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ana C. Fernandes
Summary: The study focuses on the reductive depolymerization of plastic waste into value-added compounds using a zinc catalyst, which shows good yields and effectiveness. The catalytic system is also able to selectively depolymerize plastic mixtures, and the catalyst can be reused for multiple cycles with good yields.
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Fan Zhang et al.
Summary: The review summarizes advanced nonbiodegradable plastic waste treatment technologies, analyzes their mechanisms and development status, and proposes an outlook for industrial application to effectively address NPW issues.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Charlotte K. Williams et al.
Summary: The high-performance plastic, derived from renewable oils, is truly recyclable at a molecular level. This not only reduces dependence on petroleum resources but also helps protect the environment.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Weisheng Yang et al.
Summary: The use of TPA as an acid catalyst for PET hydrolysis proves to be efficient, with high conversion and yield, easy recovery and reuse, and maintained efficiency over multiple reaction cycles.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Mario Urso et al.
Summary: A novel method utilizing self-propelled light-powered magnetic field-navigable microbots for actively moving, capturing, and degrading polymers is proposed in a recent study. These microbots exhibit fuel-free motion capability, and the motion can be controlled by light and directionality by a magnetic field. The efficient degradation of polymers is demonstrated, showing promising potential for degrading polymers and plastics effectively using light.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xingchen Jiao et al.
Summary: This article summarizes recent achievements in the conversion of plastics into valuable fuels under mild conditions, such as solar-driven conversion, enzyme-driven conversion, and low-temperature catalytic conversion. Other potentially used strategies and in situ characterization technologies in plastics degradation under moderate conditions are also presented.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ina Vollmer et al.
Summary: Research has shown that industrial Fluid Catalytic Cracking catalyst can effectively convert polypropylene, and through separate testing, the limitations of transmission have been revealed. The equilibrium catalyst produced the same aromatic content as the fresh catalyst, but with less coke formation, likely due to reduced activity of the zeolite domains and enhanced cracking activity of the matrix.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xi Chen et al.
Summary: This Minireview summarizes recent progress in the chemical upcycling of plastic wastes using various methods, mainly within the past three to five years. It introduces the concept of a plastic-based refinery, transforming plastic wastes into valuable compounds and discusses different chemical methods and emerging technologies.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jack Payne et al.
Summary: Plastics have been crucial in human development, but increasing environmental concerns have raised public scrutiny and calls for bans. This has led to the development of renewable alternatives and new waste management strategies, with a focus on catalytic chemical recycling of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). The emergence of new materials has the potential to modernize the plastics economy, but industrial feasibility and challenges remain.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Huan Chen et al.
Summary: Chemical recycling and upcycling processes are considered the most promising strategy for recovering value from waste plastics, but they often come with high costs and stringent conditions compared to current recycling methods.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Uddhav Kanbur et al.
Summary: This study introduces a new catalytic method that converts polyolefins in discarded plastics into high-value compounds, overcoming the limitations of traditional carbon-carbon bond cleavage methods. Economic analysis shows that this method is cost-effective and has the potential to address the plastic-waste crisis.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sibao Liu et al.
Summary: The study reports an effective method to convert polyolefins into liquid fuels, including diesel, jet, and gasoline-range hydrocarbons, with a high yield of up to 85%. This process involves tandem catalysis, conducted under hydrogen, providing an efficient way to recycle and utilize plastic waste.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hongcai Su et al.
Summary: The study investigated the thermal degradation and conversion of waste polyethylene using a two-step process, including hydrothermal oxidation and aqueous phase reforming. It was found that the concentration of H2O2, HO temperature, and type of catalyst can all impact the yield and selectivity of the gaseous products.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Shibashish D. Jaydev et al.
Summary: The study successfully converted polypropylene into liquid hydrocarbons with up to 80% selectivity for motor oil using carbon-supported platinum nanoparticles. It was found that the selectivity was controlled by the binding strength of hydrocarbon on the carbon carrier, with an optimal effect seen in carbons with high oxygen content.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Miao Wang et al.
Summary: An efficient method has been developed for selective degradation of styrene-related plastics under gentle conditions through multiple oxidation, catalyzed with inexpensive iron salts under visible light using oxygen as a green oxidant. Furthermore, simple iron salts could be used as additives for degradable plastics.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Pallabi Sinha Roy et al.
Summary: Plastic waste, a major source of pollution, can be effectively reduced through upcycling techniques to create high-value materials and mitigate the environmental impact and production costs.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
M. R. Karimi Estahbanati et al.
Summary: This review discusses the latest advances and future trends in the chemical upcycling of waste plastics using processes such as photocatalytic, electrolytic, and microwave-assisted pyrolysis as more environmentally friendly alternatives. It highlights how transforming different types of plastics waste using alternative energy sources can result in value-added products, contributing to a more sustainable and circular economy.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Mohsin Muhyuddin et al.
Summary: Research has shown that electrocatalysts made from plastic waste could potentially serve as a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to expensive platinum-group metal electrocatalysts. Additionally, the focus of related studies has been on the synthesis routes, physicochemical properties, and electrochemical performance of plastic waste-derived ORR electrocatalysts.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Guoxiang Zhang et al.
Summary: The researchers have developed a new method to efficiently oxidize alkyl aromatics to carboxylic acids, which can be used for the selective degradation of polystyrene to produce benzoic acid.
CHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Vineet Kumar Soni et al.
Summary: This review covers the recent highlights in the field of waste plastics pyrolysis, including key observations on plastic feeds, roles of catalysts, reactivities and product distributions of plastic in pyrolysis reactors.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Laura Patricia Dominguez-Jaimes et al.
Summary: Plastic pollution has become a pressing environmental concern, with the release of nano-sized plastics raising alarm due to potential adverse effects. This study explores photocatalysis as an alternative for removing polystyrene nanoparticles from water, showing that TiO2/T and TiO2/M photocatalysts are more efficient in eliminating PS-NPs compared to photolysis. The mixed nanostructures demonstrated a twofold increase in efficiency in reducing PS-NP concentration compared to UV light photolysis.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Suong T. Nguyen et al.
Summary: This study introduces a catalytic method for depolymerization of commercial phenoxy resin and high molecular weight hydroxylated polyolefin derivatives through light-driven C-C bond cleavage, producing isolable product mixtures that can be diversified into polymer monomers. The hydroxyl group not only controls depolymerization, but also modulates the thermomechanical properties of the materials, offering a new approach for polymer recycling and development of degradable-by-design polyolefin materials.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sidan Tian et al.
Summary: The environmentally self-degradable conjugated polymer PDDA remains stable in the dark or without oxygen, but rapidly decomposes into biocompatible succinic acid when exposed to sunlight and air, providing a new strategy for completely degrading postconsumer conjugated polymers in a natural environment.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Aron Stubbins et al.
Summary: Plastic pollution has become a global issue, prompting us to consider plastics as emergent geomaterials never before seen in Earth's history. With high carbon content, plastics can rival natural organic carbon in some ecosystems, prompting geochemists to include plastics in their analyses to expedite understanding of plastics in the Earth system. Furthermore, plastics can serve as global-scale tracers to advance Earth system science.
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
LaShanda T. J. Korley et al.
Summary: Chemical recycling and polymer upcycling offer solutions to the challenges of plastic waste heterogeneity and property reductions, enabling circularity and reducing energy consumption and environmental impacts. The industrial adoption of these approaches is encouraging and plays a critical role in addressing the fate of plastics and advancing next-generation materials design.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hua Zhou et al.
Summary: This study investigates a nickel-cobalt phosphide electrocatalyst for electroreforming PET plastic into valuable chemicals and fuel. The process shows profitability at high current densities and the developed catalyst demonstrates excellent performance in achieving desired products.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Christian M. Pichler et al.
Summary: The chemical inertness of polyethylene poses challenges for chemical recycling, but a two-step process involving oxidative depolymerization with diluted nitric acid and subsequent photo- or electrocatalytic reactions can convert polyethylene into organic acids and hydrocarbons with yields ranging from 3 to 20%. This innovative approach allows for direct conversion of polyethylene into gaseous platform chemicals with tunable product selectivity, using sunlight or renewable electricity.
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Hui Luo et al.
Summary: Biomass is a recognized ideal resource substitute for fossil fuels, with oxidation derivatives from biomass-derived compounds being used in the production of biodegradable polymers and pharmaceuticals. Combining biomass oxidation with hydrogen generation reactions presents a promising strategy for coproducing high value chemicals and hydrogen.
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Ganjar Fadillah et al.
Summary: The study focuses on the catalytic and thermal decomposition of plastic waste to fuels using low-cost catalysts like zeolite, clay, and bimetallic material. It examines the effects of different types of catalysts on the characteristics and product distribution of the produced products, highlighting the importance of catalyst type in plastic waste decomposition and oil yield/quality. Factors such as operating temperature, plastic waste-to-catalyst ratio, and reactor type are crucial in determining the quality and yield of oil products. The development of low-cost catalysts is crucial for efficient conversion of plastic solid waste (PSW) into oil/bio-oil products.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Shinji Tanaka et al.
Summary: The depolymerisation of PET via alkali metal alkoxide catalysed methanolysis efficiently proceeds at ambient temperature by capturing ethylene glycol with dimethyl carbonate, which biases the equilibrium towards dimethyl terephthalate due to the thermal stability of ethylene carbonate.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Rui Shi et al.
Summary: The study introduces a novel electroreforming strategy to upcycle waste polyethylene terephthalate into high-value chemicals with excellent electrocatalytic activity and high selectivity, achieving a high faradaic efficiency for the product carbonate.
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Abhijeet Mohanty et al.
Summary: The extensive use of plastic and the lack of efficient degradation methods have raised concerns about its impact on the environment. With the increased plastic waste generation during the COVID-19 pandemic, alternative sustainable solutions are being developed to address this issue and reduce environmental risks.
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ana C. Fernandes
Summary: Recent studies have shown that reductive depolymerization is an excellent method for converting plastic waste into value-added products, thus addressing the negative impact of plastic on the environment and human health. Catalysts play a crucial role in this process.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Laurynas Gausas et al.
Summary: Polyurethane is a widely used polymer, but its recycling is challenging, resulting in accumulation of waste. This study identified a commercially available catalyst for effective hydrogenation of various forms of PU, offering a potential solution for circular economy.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Li Zhu et al.
Summary: This study successfully improved the efficiency and Faradaic efficiency of C-2 products by designing a CuPd(100) interface catalyst, laying the foundation for the rational design of Cu-based electrocatalysts for the generation of multicarbon products.
CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Wenjun Chen et al.
Summary: The study successfully dissolved waste PET into its monomers using biomass-derived gamma-valerolactone (GVL), providing an environmentally friendly, fast, and energy-efficient pathway for recycling waste PET.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Elaine Barnard et al.
Summary: Developing new methods for plastic recycling is crucial for reducing CO2 emissions and improving resource efficiency. Chemical recycling, which involves depolymerization to reclaim original components, is gaining attention as a viable route. Lowering the energy barrier for depolymerization through catalysts under mild conditions is a key focus of research in this field.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sophia C. Kosloski-Oh et al.
Summary: Polymers have transformed our lives by providing inexpensive and versatile materials, but their longevity has led to environmental issues. Chemical recycling and upcycling are promising methods for dealing with polymer waste, but they are often cost-prohibitive. Catalysts can improve product selectivity in chemical recycling and upcycling processes.
MATERIALS HORIZONS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Duong Dinh Pham et al.
Summary: In this study, a low-energy catalytic route for methanolysis to convert PET resin to DMT was developed, achieving high DMT selectivity at ambient temperature by controlling the moisture level. The PET depolymerization apparently proceeded through two series of reaction steps, and the degradation of PET had a relatively low activation energy of 66.5 kJ mol(-1), which was accountable for catalytic methanolysis of PET at ambient conditions.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Julie E. Rorrer et al.
Summary: Chemical upcycling of waste polyolefins via hydrogenolysis using Ru/C catalysts demonstrates high activity and selectivity in the conversion of polyethylene into liquid alkanes and light alkane gases under mild conditions. The study also shows the feasibility of producing C-7-C-45 alkanes from long chain, low-density polyethylene and postconsumer LDPE plastic bottles, providing promising pathways for plastic waste valorization using Ru-based catalysts.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xingchen Jiao et al.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2020)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Tingting Jiang et al.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2020)
Editorial Material
Chemistry, Physical
Carlos Ponce de Leon
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ina Vollmer et al.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2020)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Myung Jong Kang et al.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2020)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Fei Miao et al.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2020)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Kun Wan et al.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Maria Camila Ariza-Tarazona et al.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tessa H. T. Myren et al.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lesli O. Mark et al.
Letter
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tanveer M. Adyel
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Fan Zhang et al.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xiangyu Jie et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Theodore W. Walker et al.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Taylor Uekert et al.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2019)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yong Wang et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chuan Xia et al.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sarifuddin Gazi et al.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Gokhan Celik et al.
ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE
(2019)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Laura S. Diaz-Silvarrey et al.
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Haritz Sardon et al.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lunhong Ai et al.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2018)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Taylor Uekert et al.
ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
(2018)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Eva Backstrom et al.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2017)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jeannette M. Garcia et al.
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Marc A. Hillmyer
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jianying Wang et al.
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2017)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Roland Geyer et al.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
AliReza Rahimi et al.
NATURE REVIEWS CHEMISTRY
(2017)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Janusz Datta et al.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2016)
Review
Thermodynamics
Shafferina Dayana Anuar Sharuddin et al.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2016)
Review
Engineering, Environmental
R. Miandad et al.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2016)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xiangqing Jia et al.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Anand S. Burange et al.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Qian Wang et al.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Hui-Min Feng et al.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2011)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Chunfei Wu et al.
Article
Polymer Science
Anuj Jain et al.
JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH
(2007)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
AS Goldman et al.
Article
Energy & Fuels
S Czernik et al.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
J Shang et al.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2003)