4.7 Review

Reduction of CO2 to chemicals and Fuels: Thermocatalysis versus electrocatalysis

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Editorial Material Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Best practices for electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide

Brian Seger et al.

Summary: Carbon capture, utilization and storage is crucial for a sustainable future, with electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide playing a vital role. This paper addresses the challenges in reporting the performance of this technology and provides recommendations for progress in both materials and device levels.

NATURE SUSTAINABILITY (2023)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Hollow Hierarchical Cu2O-Derived Electrocatalysts Steering CO2 Reduction to Multi-Carbon Chemicals at Low Overpotentials

Jinhan Li et al.

Summary: By ingeniously designing the morphology of oxide-derived copper (OD-Cu), the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide into multi-carbon products (C2+) can be improved, reducing overpotential and promoting the application of renewable electricity for energy and environmental sustainability.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2023)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Discovering a Single-Atom Catalyst for CO2 Electroreduction to C-1 Hydrocarbons: Thermodynamics and Kinetics on Aluminum-Doped Copper

Anwin John et al.

Summary: The addition of aluminum to the surface of copper can lower the energy required for carbon dioxide reduction to methane. Aluminum doping can also weaken the adsorption of carbon monoxide and hydrogen on the aluminum-copper surface, increasing the production of C-1 hydrocarbons and inhibiting hydrogen evolution. Therefore, aluminum-copper alloys have potential catalytic activity in the electroreduction of CO2 to hydrocarbons.

CHEMCATCHEM (2023)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Interplay Between Particle Size and Hierarchy of Zeolite ZSM-5 During the CO2-to-aromatics Process

Kun Liu et al.

Summary: The CO2-to-aromatics process converts carbon dioxide (CO2) into valuable petrochemicals, specifically aromatics like benzene, toluene, and xylene, using metal/zeolite bifunctional catalytic systems. These aromatics are currently derived exclusively from fossil fuels and are used in various industrial applications. This process can help mitigate climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting a more sustainable and circular economy by reducing reliance on fossil fuels.

CHEMSUSCHEM (2023)

Review Engineering, Chemical

Carbonation in Low-Temperature CO2 Electrolyzers: Causes, Consequences, and Solutions

Mahinder Ramdin et al.

Summary: Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) to useful products with renewable electricity is a promising concept. However, carbonation, the formation of (bi)carbonate, is a major challenge in scaling up the process. It leads to various issues including low carbon utilization efficiencies and additional costs. In this review, the causes, consequences, and potential solutions for carbonation effect in CO2 electrolyzers are discussed, aiming to provide guidance for research in low-temperature CO2 electrolysis in alkaline media.

INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH (2023)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Impact of Pore Structure on Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide in Iron- and Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Materials: Solid-Liquid Interface Versus Solid-Gas-Liquid Triple-Phase Boundary

Nian Wei et al.

Summary: The effect of porosity on the interface micro-environment and catalytic performance of Fe/N/C materials in CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) is investigated. Previous studies mainly focus on aqueous electrode test conditions and ignore the practical working environment. By comparing Fe/N/C catalysts with different pore structures, it is found that the surface area and micropores have positive effects on the CO2RR under both test conditions. However, the onset current density for the hydrogen evolution reaction is irrelevant to the micropore fraction in aqueous electrode test but negatively correlated in a practical working condition. This inconsistency is attributed to different reaction interfaces and resulting interface microenvironments in different pore size ranges. This work provides guidance for designing porous electrocatalysts for CO2RR or other applications.

JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C (2023)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Insight Understanding of Ultrathin Carbon-Deficient Molybdenum Carbide Catalytic Activity for CO2 Conversion into Hydrocarbon Fuels

Fan Yang et al.

Summary: This study investigates ultrathin carbon-deficient molybdenum carbide (MoC0.66) as a catalyst for the capture and conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) to methane (CH4). The results show that MoC(0.66) exhibits remarkable catalytic activity for CO2 hydrogenation to CH4. Unlike conventional catalysts, the limiting step of the MoC0.66 catalyst is determined by the release of *OH species during the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). Increasing the temperature improves the release of H2O and CH4 as well as the selectivity of the CO2RR.

JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C (2023)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Surface Redox Dynamics in Gold-Zinc CO2 Hydrogenation Catalysts

Scott R. Docherty et al.

Summary: This study investigates the active state of Au-Zn catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol. Silica-supported bimetallic Au-Zn alloys, prepared by surface organometallic chemistry (SOMC), are shown to be efficient catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol. In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), together with gas-switching experiments, amplifies subtle changes occurring at the surface of the catalyst. Multivariate curve resolution alternating least-squares (MCR-ALS) analysis identifies an Au-Zn alloy and reveals its reversible redox changes under reaction conditions. These findings highlight the role of alloying and dealloying in Au-based CO2 hydrogenation catalysts and the significance of reversible processes in driving reactivity.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2023)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Constrained C2 adsorbate orientation enables CO-to-acetate electroreduction

Jian Jin et al.

Summary: The carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide electroreduction reactions are promising pathways for decarbonization of chemical manufacture. By dispersing a low concentration of copper atoms in a host metal, acetate can be selectively synthesized from carbon monoxide. Through catalyst design and reactor engineering, high selectivity and Faradaic efficiency for acetate production have been achieved.

NATURE (2023)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Electrochemical synthesis of propylene from carbon dioxide on copper nanocrystals

Jing Gao et al.

Summary: The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to propylene on copper nanocrystals is a promising method for addressing climate concerns. The production rate of propylene is affected by the presence of carbon monoxide, indicating the importance of the coupling between carbon dioxide and *C-2 intermediates. The study also found that the adsorption of key intermediates is favored on Cu(100) and Cu(111) facets of metallic copper nanocrystals.

NATURE CHEMISTRY (2023)

Article Chemistry, Applied

Methanol Synthesis from CO2 Hydrogenation on CuO-ZnO-ZrO2 Prepared by Solvothermal Method: The Influence of Solvent on Catalyst Properties and Catalytic Behavior

Yannan Liang et al.

Summary: A series of CuO-ZnO-ZrO2 (CZZ) catalysts were synthesized using a solvothermal method, and the effects of four monohydric alcohols as solvents on their physicochemical properties and catalytic performance for the direct synthesis of methanol from CO2 hydrogenation were investigated. Characterization techniques such as N-2 physical adsorption, XRD, SEM, EDX spectroscopy mapping, reactive N2O adsorption, XPS, H-2-TPR, and H-2-TPD, CO2-TPD were used. The catalyst prepared with methanol as solvent (CZZ-M) showed the highest methanol yield of 7.4% at specific conditions.

TOPICS IN CATALYSIS (2023)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Weak CO binding sites induced by Cu-Ag interfaces promote CO electroreduction to multi-carbon liquid products

Jing Li et al.

Summary: The authors demonstrate a Cu-based catalyst with Cu-Ag interfacial sites that promotes the production of oxygenate in CO2 electroreduction, resulting in near 80% selectivity for multi-carbon liquid products. This catalyst exhibits high Faradaic efficiencies for C2+ liquid products in CO electroreduction at commercially relevant current densities, and the performance is retained over 100 hours. The lower affinities of the Cu-Ag interfacial sites for carbon and oxygen are proposed to be responsible for the enhanced selectivity, which is supported by experimental evidence.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2023)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Pressure dependence in aqueous-based electrochemical CO2 reduction

Liang Huang et al.

Summary: Electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2R) is a method to close the carbon cycle for chemical synthesis. The research has mainly focused on ambient pressure CO2, but industrial CO2 is usually pressurized and in dissolved form. By studying the effects of pressure on CO2R, the researchers found that higher pressure leads to increased formate selectivity. They further enhanced this pressure-mediated effect by functionalizing the surface of a Cu cathode with a proton-resistant layer. This work highlights the potential of using industrial CO2 as a feedstock for sustainable chemical synthesis.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2023)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Screened Fe3 and Ru3 Single-Cluster Catalysts Anchored on MoS2 Supports for Selective Hydrogenation of CO2

Gang Wang et al.

Summary: Efficient CO2 hydrogenation into valuable products is a promising strategy for addressing environmental issues. This study proposes Fe-3 and Ru-3 cluster catalysts anchored on MoS2 substrates for highly selective CO2 hydrogenation. The electron structure analysis reveals different CO2 adsorption modes on Fe-3 andRu-3 clusters, leading to different hydrogenation pathways. Microkinetic simulations demonstrate highly selective reactivity for methanol and ethanol formation on Fe-3/MoS2 and Ru-3/MoS2, respectively. This work provides atomic-scale insights into CO2 transformation, guiding the design of selective catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation.

ACS CATALYSIS (2023)

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Confinement of SnCuxO2+x Nanoclusters in Zeolites for High-Efficient Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction

Yanbin Zhu et al.

Summary: This study presents a new SnCuxO2+x nanocluster electrocatalyst encapsulated in siliceous MFI zeolites (SnCuxO2+x@MFI) for efficient CO2 reduction to methane. The catalyst exhibits good selectivity and high Faradaic efficiency in alkaline electrolyte. Using this catalyst as the cathode in a Li-CO2 battery achieves high discharge specific capacity and long operational life.

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Electrochemical Promotion of CO2 Hydrogenation Using Rh Catalysts Supported on O2- Conducting Solid Electrolyte

Nikoleta Kokkinou et al.

Summary: Electrochemical promotion was used to enhance the activity and selectivity of a Rh catalyst electrode in the CO2 hydrogenation reaction. Experiments were conducted at temperatures ranging from 350 to 430 degrees Celsius and with varying CO2 to H2 gas feeding ratios. The main reaction products observed were CO and CH4, and their formation rates were influenced by the applied potential or current. The results demonstrate the potential of electrochemical promotion for fine-tuning the activity and selectivity of reactions with significant technical and environmental importance.

CATALYSTS (2023)

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Deciphering Electrolyte Selection for Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide and Nitrogen to High-Value-Added Chemicals

Jiajie Ni et al.

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ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2023)

Review Engineering, Environmental

Recent advances on electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to resources: Target products, reaction pathways and typical catalysts

Yaru Lei et al.

Summary: With the rapid development of the global economy and excessive consumption of fossil fuels, the energy crisis and global warming have become increasingly serious. CO2 resource recovery technology, especially electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), is considered as a promising strategy. This review summarizes the possible transformation pathways of different products in CO2RR, classifies the catalysts used, and emphasizes the importance of developing catalysts with high selectivity, efficiency, and stability.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2023)

Article Chemistry, Applied

Promoting hydrogen spillover of NiFe/CeO2 catalyst with plasma-treatment for CO2 methanation

Feiyang Hu et al.

Summary: This study focuses on the synthesis of CeO2-supported NiFe alloy catalysts and their activation using plasma treatment (PT). The PT catalysts exhibit improved performance at low temperatures due to the abundant hydroxyl (OH-) groups and hydrogen spillover ability. Temperature-programmed surface reduction (TPSR) was used to determine the hydrogenation and CH4 generation temperatures, and in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) results confirmed formate as the key intermediate during the CO2 methanation process.

FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY (2023)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Spatially resolved analysis of CO2 hydrogenation to higher hydrocarbons over alkali-metal promoted well-defined FexOyCz

Andrey S. Skrypnik et al.

Summary: A series of catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation to higher (C2+) hydrocarbons were prepared by decomposing iron (II) oxalate dihydrate impregnated with Li, Na, K, Rb or Cs carbonate. The structural characteristics of these catalysts, including the presence and type of promoter, determine their activity and product selectivity. Fe3C favors CH4 formation, while C2+-hydrocarbons are formed over Fe5C2. The rate of C2+-hydrocarbons formation is positively correlated with the rate constant of CO2 dissociation and negatively correlated with the rate of CO2 methanation.

JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS (2023)

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On the Temperature Sensitivity of Electrochemical Reaction Thermodynamics

Haley A. Petersen et al.

Summary: We introduce a method to estimate the thermodynamic potentials of electrochemical reactions at different temperatures. By using a two-term Taylor series approximation of thermodynamic potential as a function of temperature, we calculate the temperature sensitivity for a family of twenty-seven known half reactions. We further analyze pairs of cathode and anode half-cells to identify optimal voltage matches and discuss the implications of temperature changes on overall cell voltages.

ACS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AU (2023)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Hydrogenation of CO2 to higher alcohols on an efficient Cr-modified CuFe catalyst

Qian Zhang et al.

Summary: In this study, various Cr-modified CuFe catalysts were prepared and their catalytic performance and reaction mechanism in CO2 hydrogenation to C2+OH were investigated. The introduction of small amounts of Cr enhanced the interaction between Cu and Fe species, alleviating CO over-dissociation and inhibiting the generation of iron carbides. The Cr(1%)-CuFe catalyst exhibited high CO2 conversion, C2+OH selectivity, and space-time yield (STY).

APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL (2023)

Article Engineering, Chemical

Regulation of electrical double layers promotes electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide

Tingting Yu et al.

Summary: Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction is an effective method to convert CO2 into high value-added products and alleviate global energy shortage and environmental problems. By modeling the reaction-coupled modified Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations in an isolated nanopore, the rational design of nanostructured electrocatalysts and the understanding of the interplay between mass transfer and reaction in a confined environment can be achieved. The effects of nanoconfinement, steric hindrance, and electrical double layer on the CO2 reduction reaction and the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction are investigated. A optimal local reaction environment with high Faradaic efficiency and selectivity is found when the pore radius is comparable to the Debye length. Our work provides microscopic insights into the interplay between diffusion, migration, and reaction under the nanoconfinement of nanopores.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE (2023)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

CO2 Conversion to Alcohols over Cu/ZnO Catalysts: Prospective Synergies between Electrocatalytic and Thermocatalytic Routes

Hilmar Guzman et al.

Summary: The study focuses on converting CO2 into valuable chemicals and fuels through electrocatalytic processes using Cu/ZnO catalysts. The addition of ZnO stabilizes the Cu1+/Cu-0 interface on the catalyst surface, potentially enhancing the surface properties and increasing the productivity of CO2 conversion products by optimizing the ZnO loading.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2022)

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Experimental and in situ DRIFTs studies on confined metallic copper stabilized Pd species for enhanced CO2 reduction to formate

Xin Xiao et al.

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Kinetic study of CO2 hydrogenation on Ru/YSZ catalyst using a monolithic electropromoted reactor (MEPR)

Christos Chatzilias et al.

Summary: In this study, the kinetic mechanism of CO2 hydrogenation was investigated using a scaled up electropromoted reactor loaded with nine Ru/YSZ/Au electrochemical cells. The results show that the partial pressures of H2 and CO2 have a significant impact on the product distribution and reaction rate. Additionally, the experiment validates the charge transfer behavior during the electrochemical promotion process.

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Article Energy & Fuels

Fuel cells with an operational range of-20 °C to 200 °C enabled by phosphoric acid-doped intrinsically ultramicroporous membranes

Hongying Tang et al.

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NATURE ENERGY (2022)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Multi-field driven hybrid catalysts for CO2 reduction: Progress, mechanism and perspective

Yushuai Xu et al.

Summary: Light, heat, and electricity are the main energy sources driving chemical reactions. However, there are significant challenges in terms of energy cost and production efficiency when reducing CO2. Hybrid catalysts driven by multiple physical fields have been developed to transform CO2 into valuable chemicals and achieve net reduction. This study clarifies the correlations among different tuning fields and classifies them into photo-, thermal-, or electric-dominant catalysis.

MATERIALS TODAY (2022)

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Ambient-pressure hydrogenation of CO2 into long-chain olefins

Zhongling Li et al.

Summary: The authors report a Cu-Fe catalyst that can hydrogenate CO2 into long-chain olefins under ambient pressure via the synergy of carbide mechanism and CO insertion mechanism, which is significant for the development of small-scale low-pressure devices compatible with sustainable hydrogen production.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

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Analysing the relationship between the fields of thermo- and electrocatalysis taking hydrogen peroxide as a case study COMMENT

Guilherme Fortunato et al.

Summary: This article compares current trends in thermo- and electrocatalysis and discusses the commonalities and differences between the two research fields. By focusing on the production of hydrogen peroxide as a case study, the aim is to inspire more efficient decentralized chemical conversion processes.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

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Trends in oxygenate/hydrocarbon selectivity for electrochemical CO(2) reduction to C2 products

Hong-Jie Peng et al.

Summary: Key mechanistic steps for selective CO2 reduction over Cu into hydrocarbon versus oxygenated C-2 products are identified by atomistic and microkinetic modeling. Variations in C and OH binding are found to predict catalytic selectivity of materials.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

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Tandem Electrocatalytic-Thermocatalytic Reaction Scheme for CO2 Conversion to C3 Oxygenates

Akash N. Biswas et al.

Summary: A two-step tandem electrochemical-thermochemical reaction scheme is demonstrated to convert CO2 into value-added C-3 oxygenate molecules. The CO2 is first electrochemically reduced to ethylene, CO, and H-2, and then undergoes thermochemical hydroformylation reaction to produce 1-propanol and propanal. The tandem configuration achieved a selectivity of 18% for C3 oxygenate products, representing a significant improvement compared to direct electrochemical CO2 conversion methods.

ACS ENERGY LETTERS (2022)

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Long-chain hydrocarbons by CO2 electroreduction using polarized nickel catalysts

Yansong Zhou et al.

Summary: Scientists have discovered that using inorganic nickel oxygenate-derived electrocatalysts can efficiently convert CO2 into C-3 to C-6 hydrocarbons, with a Faradaic efficiency of up to 6.5%. This is in contrast to metallic nickel, which shows little to no activity. The study reveals that atom polarization is key in preventing nickel poisoning and enabling the reduction of CO2 into valuable products.

NATURE CATALYSIS (2022)

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A low temperature SOFC as a self-promoted reactor for CO2 catalytic hydrogenation

Christos Chatzilias et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates a method to effectively promote catalytic reactions using limited power generated by low-temperature fuel cells, reducing energy consumption and environmental impact. By designing a novel low-temperature fuel cell reactor and utilizing internal power, electrochemical promotion of CO2 hydrogenation has been achieved.

APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL (2022)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Revealing the roles of hydrocarbon pool mechanism in ethanol-to-hydrocarbons reaction

Shu Zeng et al.

Summary: This study investigates the ethanol-to-hydrocarbons (ETH) process for sustainable production of light olefins. Through experiments and calculations, it reveals the critical role of hydrocarbon pool (HCP) species in the formation of olefins in the ETH process.

JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS (2022)

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Recent progress in electrochemical reduction of carbon monoxide toward multi-carbon products

Huitong Du et al.

Summary: This review summarizes the recent research progress in the development of ECOR, including advanced ECOR catalysts and reaction mechanisms. The challenges and prospects in this field are discussed, providing meaningful guidance for grasping ECOR and designing catalysts with enhanced C2+ product selectivity.

MATERIALS TODAY (2022)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Boosting Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Methane via Tuning Oxygen Vacancy Concentration and Surface Termination on a Copper/Ceria Catalyst

Kshirodra Kumar Patra et al.

Summary: This study designs and investigates a Cu/ceria catalyst with high selectivity for methane production during CO2RR. The results show that the concentration of oxygen vacancies on the catalyst surface, controlled by the calcination temperature, influences the selectivity of methane formation. Additionally, the study finds that pH affects the surface termination and the number of active sites, thus impacting the activity of the hydrogen evolution reaction.

ACS CATALYSIS (2022)

Review Chemistry, Applied

Recent trend in thermal catalytic low temperature CO2 methanation: A critical review

Woo Jin Lee et al.

Summary: This paper reviews the current state of low temperature CO2 methanation technology, focusing on critical aspects such as reaction thermodynamics and kinetics, catalyst materials, and reactor technologies. The challenges and opportunities for low temperature CO2 methanation are identified, highlighting the potential gains in energy efficiency.

CATALYSIS TODAY (2021)

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How to make sustainable CO2 conversion to Methanol: Thermocatalytic versus electrocatalytic technology

Hilmar Guzman et al.

Summary: The study examines the technical, environmental, and economic feasibility of converting CO2 to methanol via electrocatalytic and thermocatalytic processes, presenting strategies to reduce carbon footprint. It demonstrates the catalytic performance of CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst in lab and scaled-up tests, and discusses ways to enhance economic competitiveness.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2021)

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The nature of active sites for carbon dioxide electroreduction over oxide-derived copper catalysts

Dongfang Cheng et al.

Summary: This study reveals the active sites for CO2 electroreduction over oxide-derived copper (OD-Cu) catalysts, identifying square-like sites responsible for specific products. Planar and convex square sites are found to be responsible for ethylene production, while the step square site favors alcohols generation, providing fundamental insights into the origin of activity and selectivity over Cu-based catalysts.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol over In2O3-Based Catalysts: From Mechanism to Catalyst Development

Jianyang Wang et al.

Summary: This review discusses recent advances in In2O3-based catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation, focusing on strategies to improve catalytic performance by facilitating active site formation, activating CO2 and H-2 for methanol synthesis, and stabilizing key intermediates. Mechanistic insights, including pathways of CO2 conversion and strategies for selective CO2 hydrogenation to methanol, are discussed, as well as future directions for development in this area.

ACS CATALYSIS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

CeO2 supported Pd dimers boosting CO2 hydrogenation to ethanol

Yang Lou et al.

Summary: CeO2-supported Pd dimers show high activity and selectivity in converting CO2 to ethanol, with a selectivity of 99.2% and a space-time yield of 45.6 g(ethanol) g(Pd)(-1) h(-1). The unique Pd2O4 configuration of Pd dimers enables the direct dissociation of CO2 to CO and C-C coupling, while appropriately inhibiting further C2+ coupling, leading to selective ethanol formation. The strategy of constructing atom-precision active sites opens new avenues for developing highly selective catalysts for CO2/CO hydrogenation reactions.

APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Coupling Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction with Thermocatalysis Enables the Formation of a Lactone Monomer

Louise Ponsard et al.

Summary: A system coupling high-pressure CO2 electrolysis with thermal catalysis using high-pressure CO has been developed to convert CO2 into beta-butyrolactone, achieving a high reaction yield. This strategy enables the production of lactones from CO2 for polyester synthesis, expanding the range of chemicals derived from CO2.

CHEMSUSCHEM (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Structure-Activity Relationships of Copper- and Potassium-Modified Iron Oxide Catalysts during Reverse Water-Gas Shift Reaction

Mengwei Gu et al.

Summary: The study found that the surface structure and reducibility/basicity of iron oxide catalysts modified with Cu and K are strongly interdependent, with the addition of K altering the reaction pathway and Cu facilitating hydrogen dissociation to enhance both reaction mechanisms.

ACS CATALYSIS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Bridging Thermal Catalysis and Electrocatalysis: Catalyzing CO2 Conversion with Carbon-Based Materials

David M. Koshy et al.

Summary: Research findings show that a specific electrocatalyst can catalyze the reduction of CO2 to CO both electrochemically and thermally, highlighting an analogy between catalytic phenomena in different reaction environments. Advanced characterization techniques reveal potential catalytic mechanisms and establish a generalized reaction driving-force model.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Electrochemical promotion of CO2 hydrogenation in a monolithic electrochemically promoted reactor (MEPR)

Christos Chatzilias et al.

Summary: The study investigated the electrochemical promotion of CO2 hydrogenation using a monolithic electropromoted reactor with nine electrochemical cells. The results showed that under high reactant flowrates and temperatures, the electropromotion significantly affected the methane selectivity and yield. The experimental results on the monolithic reactor successfully scaled up the laboratory-scale EPOC studies of CO2 hydrogenation.

APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Recent strategies for enhancing the catalytic activity of CO2 hydrogenation to formate/formic acid over Pd-based catalyst

Priyanka Verma et al.

Summary: This review systematically summarizes the state-of-the-art of Pd-based heterogeneous catalysts for the catalytic conversion of CO2 to formate/formic acid. It discusses key factors influencing catalytic performance, major achievements in designing efficient Pd nanometals supported on various materials, and successful strategies for maximizing catalytic activity in CO2 conversion. Special attention is given to the mechanism of the catalytic reaction and a brief perspective on challenges and new directions in the development of innovative catalytic materials is proposed for achieving high catalytic activity in CO2 conversion towards carbon-neutrality in the near future.

JOURNAL OF CO2 UTILIZATION (2021)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

A review on CO2 hydrogenation to lower olefins: Understanding the structure-property relationships in heterogeneous catalytic systems

Opeyemi A. Ojelade et al.

Summary: The alarming issue of global warming has prompted countries to work together towards reducing CO2 emissions through carbon sequestration and utilization technologies. The design of catalysts for hydrogenation of CO2 to produce environmentally friendly raw materials is crucial for addressing climate change.

JOURNAL OF CO2 UTILIZATION (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Switching of metal-oxygen hybridization for selective CO2 electrohydrogenation under mild temperature and pressure

Meng Li et al.

Summary: Tuning the Ir-O hybridization can alter the catalyst surface chemical environment, enabling the selective production of either CO or CH4 during electrocatalysis. This advanced electrolyser not only enables CO2 electrohydrogenation but also can be extended to the upgrade of different carbon resources, significantly enhancing the techno-economic feasibility of the process.

NATURE CATALYSIS (2021)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Guiding the Catalytic Properties of Copper for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction by Metal Atom Decoration

Yusaku F. Nishimura et al.

Summary: The study investigates the impact of atomic-scale bimetallic effects on the electrochemical CO2 reduction performance of Cu-based catalysts. Utilizing a systematic approach that unifies protocols for materials synthesis and testing, accurate comparisons of intrinsic catalytic activity and selectivity were made. The results show that metal atoms segregate to under-coordinated Cu sites during physical vapor deposition, affecting the formation of oxygenates and hydrocarbons during CO reduction.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Unifying Concepts in Electro- and Thermocatalysis toward Hydrogen Peroxide Production

Jason S. Adams et al.

Summary: The study investigates the relationship between H2O2 and H2O formation on metal nanoparticles, analyzing reaction rates and selectivities under different conditions. The findings suggest that catalysts operate at potentials depending on reactant activities, H2O2 selectivity, and rate constants for specific reactions. This analysis provides insights for optimizing H2O2 formation rates and selectivities, guiding the design and operation of catalysts for efficient H2O2 production.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2021)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Copper-catalysed exclusive CO2 to pure formic acid conversion via single-atom alloying

Tingting Zheng et al.

Summary: The single-atom Pb-alloyed Cu catalyst (Pb1Cu) efficiently converts CO2 into formic acid with high selectivity and activity, offering the potential to increase productivity.

NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Efficiency and selectivity of CO2 reduction to CO on gold gas diffusion electrodes in acidic media

Mariana C. O. Monteiro et al.

Summary: Large scale CO2 electrolysis to produce CO has traditionally been done in neutral and alkaline media, but recent research shows that it can also be achieved in acidic media with higher efficiency. Operating at current densities up to 200 mA cm(-2), CO faradaic efficiencies between 80-90% were obtained in sulfate electrolyte, representing a step towards the application of acidic electrolyzers for CO2 electroreduction.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Absence of CO2 electroreduction on copper, gold and silver electrodes without metal cations in solution

Mariana C. O. Monteiro et al.

Summary: The study found that metal cations play a crucial role in stabilizing the CO2 intermediate during the reduction process on gold electrodes. Density functional theory simulations confirmed that partially desolvated metal cations enable the reduction by stabilizing the CO2- intermediate through short-range electrostatic interactions. In conclusion, the positively charged species from the electrolyte are key to stabilizing the crucial reaction intermediate.

NATURE CATALYSIS (2021)

Article Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Energy system decarbonization and productivity gains reduced the coupling of CO2 emissions and economic growth in 73 countries between 1970 and 2016

Ranran Wang et al.

Summary: Research shows that while there is a relationship between economic growth and CO2 mitigation, five emission reduction mechanisms, including energy system decarbonization and productivity gains, collectively contributed to a 19 petagrams reduction in global emissions. Reductions consistent with the Paris Agreement can be achieved in about 10% of instances while maintaining economic growth.

ONE EARTH (2021)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 and CO to multi-carbon compounds over Cu-based catalysts

Wenchao Ma et al.

Summary: This tutorial review explores the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 with H2O to multi-carbon (C2+) compounds, focusing on the similarities and differences in the electrocatalytic CO2 and CO reduction reactions (CO2RR and CORR) into C2+ compounds over Cu-based catalysts. It discusses fundamental aspects, reaction mechanisms, efficient catalysts, and key factors determining selectivity, activity, and stability. Opportunities, challenges, and future trends in the electrocatalytic CO2RR and CORR are also highlighted for the synthesis of C2+ olefins and oxygenates.

CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS (2021)

Review Engineering, Environmental

Progress in the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to formic acid: A review on current trends and future prospects

Prangan Duarah et al.

Summary: The utilization of CO2 for the production of formic acid is seen as an effective method, but faces challenges such as high costs of electrocatalysts and selectivity towards the desired product. Numerous studies have been conducted to address these constraints.

JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING (2021)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Heterogeneous catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation to formic acid/formate: from nanoscale to single atom

Ruiyan Sun et al.

Summary: This review comprehensively summarizes the latest advancements in heterogeneous catalysis of CO2 hydrogenation to formic acid/formate, highlighting nanostructured and single atom catalysts based on noble metals. Key factors related to catalytic activity are emphasized, providing a strong foundation for rational catalyst design.

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (2021)

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Molecular tuning of CO2-to-ethylene conversion

Fengwang Li et al.

NATURE (2020)

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CO2 Reduction: From Homogeneous to Heterogeneous Electrocatalysis

Sheng Zhang et al.

ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH (2020)

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CO2 Hydrogenation and Formic Acid Dehydrogenation Using Ir Catalysts with Amide-Based Ligands

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ORGANOMETALLICS (2020)

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Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to Acetic Acid by a Molecular Manganese Corrole Complex

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Electrochemical promotion of Ru nanoparticles deposited on a proton conductor electrolyte during CO2 hydrogenation

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APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL (2020)

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Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide on Supported Rh Catalysts

Andras Erdohelyi

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Electroreduction of CO2 to Formate on a Copper-Based Electrocatalyst at High Pressures with High Energy Conversion Efficiency

Jiachen Li et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2020)

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Electrochemical Conversion of CO2 to Syngas with Palladium- Based Electrocatalysts

Brian M. Tackett et al.

ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH (2020)

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Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to 1-Butanol on Oxide-Derived Copper

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A review of recent catalyst advances in CO2 methanation processes

Jangam Ashok et al.

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CO2 Hydrogenation to Ethanol over Cu@Na-Beta

Liping Ding et al.

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Atypical Oxygen-Bearing Copper Boosts Ethylene Selectivity toward Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction

Wei Zhang et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2020)

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Highly Electrocatalytic Ethylene Production from CO2 on Nanodefective Cu Nanosheets

Bingxing Zhang et al.

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Research Progress in Conversion of CO2to Valuable Fuels

Luyi Xu et al.

MOLECULES (2020)

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Novel Heterogeneous Catalysts for CO2 Hydrogenation to Liquid Fuels

Peng Gao et al.

ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE (2020)

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Recent Advances in Supported Metal Catalysts and Oxide Catalysts for the Reverse Water-Gas Shift Reaction

Xiaodong Chen et al.

FRONTIERS IN CHEMISTRY (2020)

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From electricity to fuels: Descriptors for C1 selectivity in electrochemical CO2 reduction

Michael T. Tang et al.

APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL (2020)

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Tuning the RWGS Reaction via EPOC and In Situ Electro-oxidation of Cobalt Nanoparticles

Dimitrios Zagoraios et al.

ACS CATALYSIS (2020)

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Highly Selective Hydrogenation of CO2 to Ethanol via Designed Bifunctional Ir1-In2O3 Single-Atom Catalyst

Xue Ye et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2020)

Review Chemistry, Physical

Metal-based electrocatalytic conversion of CO2 to formic acid/formate

Peng Ding et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2020)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Core-shell structured catalysts for thermocatalytic, photocatalytic, and electrocatalytic conversion of CO2

Sonali Das et al.

CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS (2020)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

State of the art and perspectives in heterogeneous catalysis of CO2 hydrogenation to methanol

Jiawei Zhong et al.

CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Selective electroreduction of carbon dioxide to methanol on copper selenide nanocatalysts

Dexin Yang et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2019)

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Development of Tandem Catalysts for CO2 Hydrogenation to Olefins

Zhiqiang Ma et al.

ACS CATALYSIS (2019)

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Selective Production of Aromatics Directly from Carbon Dioxide Hydrogenation

Xu Cui et al.

ACS CATALYSIS (2019)

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Progress and Perspectives of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction on Copper in Aqueous Electrolyte

Stephanie Nitopi et al.

CHEMICAL REVIEWS (2019)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

The technological and economic prospects for CO2 utilization and removal

Cameron Hepburn et al.

NATURE (2019)

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Domino electroreduction of CO2 to methanol on a molecular catalyst

Yueshen Wu et al.

NATURE (2019)

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pH effects on the electrochemical reduction of CO(2) towards C2 products on stepped copper

Xinyan Liu et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2019)

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CO2 hydrogenation to high-value products via heterogeneous catalysis

Run-Ping Ye et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2019)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Selective Hydrogenation of CO2 to Ethanol over Cobalt Catalysts

Lingxiang Wang et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2018)

Review Chemistry, Physical

Heterogeneous catalysts for hydrogenation of CO2 and bicarbonates to formic acid and formates

Dmitri A. Bulushev et al.

CATALYSIS REVIEWS-SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING (2018)

Article Engineering, Chemical

General Techno-Economic Analysis of CO2 Electrolysis Systems

Matthew Jouny et al.

INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH (2018)

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Selective CO2 Hydrogenation to Formic Acid with Multifunctional Ionic Liquids

Andreas Weilhard et al.

ACS CATALYSIS (2018)

Article Energy & Fuels

Atomically dispersed Ni(i) as the active site for electrochemical CO2 reduction

Hong Bin Yang et al.

NATURE ENERGY (2018)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Selective conversion of CO2 and H2 into aromatics

Youming Ni et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2018)

Editorial Material Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Best Practices for Reporting Electrocatalytic Performance of Nanomaterials

Damien Voiry et al.

ACS NANO (2018)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide to Formate by Homogeneous Ir Catalysts in Water

Ryoichi Kanega et al.

ACS CATALYSIS (2018)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Improved CO2 reduction activity towards C2+ alcohols on a tandem gold on copper electrocatalyst

Carlos G. Morales-Guio et al.

NATURE CATALYSIS (2018)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Formic Acid as a Hydrogen Energy Carrier

Jorg Eppinger et al.

ACS ENERGY LETTERS (2017)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Tuning Selectivity of CO2 Hydrogenation Reactions at the Metal/Oxide Interface

Shyam Kattel et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2017)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Highly Active and Selective Hydrogenation of CO2 to Ethanol by Ordered Pd-Cu Nanoparticles

Shuxing Bai et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2017)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Direct conversion of CO2 into liquid fuels with high selectivity over a bifunctional catalyst

Peng Gao et al.

NATURE CHEMISTRY (2017)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

CATALYSIS Active sites for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol on Cu/ZnO catalysts

Shyam Kattel et al.

SCIENCE (2017)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Understanding trends in electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction rates

Xinyan Liu et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2017)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Directly converting CO2 into a gasoline fuel

Jian Wei et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2017)

Review Chemistry, Physical

A review of the catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide into value-added hydrocarbons

Haiyan Yang et al.

CATALYSIS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2017)

Article Environmental Sciences

The role of CO2 capture and utilization in mitigating climate change

Niall Mac Dowell et al.

NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE (2017)

Review Chemistry, Physical

Supported Catalysts for CO2 Methanation: A Review

Patrizia Frontera et al.

CATALYSTS (2017)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A highly selective and stable ZnO-ZrO2 solid solution catalyst for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol

Jijie Wang et al.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2017)

Article Chemistry, Physical

CO2 hydrogenation to methanol over Pd/In2O3: effects of Pd and oxygen vacancy

Ning Rui et al.

APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL (2017)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Electrochemical CO2 Reduction: A Classification Problem

Alexander Bagger et al.

CHEMPHYSCHEM (2017)

Review Chemistry, Physical

Advances in Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction with Water: A Review

Samsun Nahar et al.

MATERIALS (2017)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Water-Enhanced Synthesis of Higher Alcohols from CO2 Hydrogenation over a Pt/Co3O4 Catalyst under Milder Conditions

Zhenhong He et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2016)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Molybdenum-Bismuth Bimetallic Chalcogenide Nanosheets for Highly Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol

Xiaofu Sun et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2016)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Controllable synthesis of α-MoC1-x and β-Mo2C nanowires for highly selective CO2 reduction to CO

Jiajian Gao et al.

CATALYSIS COMMUNICATIONS (2016)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Pd/ZnO catalysts for direct CO2 hydrogenation to methanol

Hasliza Bahruji et al.

JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS (2016)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Active Site Dependent Reaction Mechanism over Ru/CeO2 Catalyst toward CO2 Methanation

Fei Wang et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2016)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Optimizing Binding Energies of Key Intermediates for CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol over Oxide-Supported Copper

Shyam Kattel et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2016)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Fe/γ-Al2O3 and Fe-K/γ-Al2O3 as reverse water-gas shift catalysts

Jason A. Loiland et al.

CATALYSIS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2016)

Article Chemistry, Physical

The Mechanism of CO and CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol over Cu-Based Catalysts

Felix Studt et al.

CHEMCATCHEM (2015)

Article Chemistry, Applied

VOx promoted Ni catalysts supported on the modified bentonite for CO and CO2 methanation

Xiaopeng Lu et al.

FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY (2015)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Ni/Ce-Zr-O catalyst for high CO2 conversion during reverse water gas shift reaction (RWGS)

Feng-man Sun et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY (2015)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Catalysts and Reaction Pathways for the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide

Ruud Kortlever et al.

JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS (2015)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

A Molecular Ruthenium Electrocatalyst for the Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to CO and Formate

Charles W. Machan et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2015)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Controlling H+ vs CO2 Reduction Selectivity on Pb Electrodes

Chang Hoon Lee et al.

ACS CATALYSIS (2015)

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Recent advances in methanation catalysts for the production of synthetic natural gas

Jiajian Gao et al.

RSC ADVANCES (2015)

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Electrocatalytic Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Methane and Methanol on Transition Metal Surfaces

Kendra P. Kuhl et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2014)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Discovery of a Ni-Ga catalyst for carbon dioxide reduction to methanol

Felix Studt et al.

NATURE CHEMISTRY (2014)

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Catalyzing the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) with Molybdenum Sulfide Nanomaterials

Jesse D. Benck et al.

ACS CATALYSIS (2014)

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Insights into CC Coupling in CO2 Electroreduction on Copper Electrodes

Joseph H. Montoya et al.

CHEMCATCHEM (2013)

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Mechanistic study of low temperature CO2 methanation over Rh/TiO2 catalysts

Alejandro Karelovic et al.

JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS (2013)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Understanding Trends in the Electrocatalytic Activity of Metals and Enzymes for CO2 Reduction to CO

Heine A. Hansen et al.

JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS (2013)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

New insights into the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide on metallic copper surfaces

Kendra P. Kuhl et al.

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (2012)

Article Chemistry, Physical

CO2 Hydrogenation to Formic Acid on Ni(111)

Guowen Peng et al.

JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C (2012)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Activity Descriptors for CO2 Electroreduction to Methane on Transition-Metal Catalysts

Andrew A. Peterson et al.

JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS (2012)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Tin Oxide Dependence of the CO2 Reduction Efficiency on Tin Electrodes and Enhanced Activity for Tin/Tin Oxide Thin-Film Catalysts

Yihong Chen et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2012)

Article Chemistry, Physical

CO2 hydrogenation to formic acid on Ni(110)

Guowen Peng et al.

SURFACE SCIENCE (2012)

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Carbon Dioxide Hydrogenation to Formic Acid by Using a Heterogeneous Gold Catalyst

Debora Preti et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2011)

Article Chemistry, Analytical

Thermodynamic theory of multi-electron transfer reactions: Implications for electrocatalysis

Marc T. M. Koper

JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (2011)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Methanol-to-hydrocarbon chemistry: The carbon pool (r)evolution

Jeffery L. White

CATALYSIS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2011)

Article Electrochemistry

Mathematical Modeling of CO2 Reduction to CO in Aqueous Electrolytes I. Kinetic Study on Planar Silver and Gold Electrodes

Charles Delacourt et al.

JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY (2010)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Future CO2 Emissions and Climate Change from Existing Energy Infrastructure

Steven J. Davis et al.

SCIENCE (2010)

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The proportionality of global warming to cumulative carbon emissions

H. Damon Matthews et al.

NATURE (2009)

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Identification of active edge sites for electrochemical H2 evolution from MoS2 nanocatalysts

Thomas F. Jaramillo et al.

SCIENCE (2007)

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The Bronsted-Evans-Polanyi relation and the volcano curve in heterogeneous catalysis

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JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS (2004)