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Article
Engineering, Environmental
Siwei Chen et al.
Summary: The construction sector accounts for a significant portion of global energy-related emissions. The use of low-carbon concrete materials is considered an effective way to reduce embodied carbon. However, there is a lack of systematic understanding and comparison of the potential reduction of embodied carbon in different low-carbon concrete materials. This study identifies and categorizes different low-carbon concrete materials and finds that low-carbon cementitious binders have the highest potential for reducing embodied carbon. The findings provide a theoretical foundation for researchers and practitioners to explore low-carbon concrete materials and suggest new directions for cross-case comparison.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Ming Hu
Summary: In the United States, there is a significant knowledge gap regarding embodied carbon in buildings at the whole building level. This study proposes and tests a methodology to assess the life cycle embodied carbon and environmental impacts of the US residential building stock. The findings highlight the contribution of single-family detached houses and large multifamily houses to embodied carbon, with the latter being the most carbon-intensive building segment.
SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Weina Zhu et al.
Summary: Research on reducing embodied carbon emissions in the building sector through energy-saving technologies has received considerable attention. However, previous studies have focused on the environmental impacts of individual industries, neglecting the holistic perspective of the building sector. This study utilizes a CGE model to assess the economic and environmental impacts on the cement, steel, and construction industries, and analyze the effects on embodied carbon emissions. Results show that energy-saving technologies increase industry outputs, reduce product prices, and decrease energy and carbon emission intensities. Additionally, the potential for reducing embodied carbon emissions in the building sector is reliant on implementing energy-saving technologies across the steel, cement, and construction industries.
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Jingbo Jiang et al.
Summary: Knowledge gained from anthropogenic resource prospecting can provide insights into the theoretical potential of secondary resources in anthropogenic systems. Secondary resources in the built environment, which constitute a significant portion of anthropogenic resources, indicate a promising opportunity for urban mining. However, realizing these opportunities and developing effective urban mining strategies requires a comprehensive understanding of the technical feasibility and the potential impacts on economic and environmental performance of construction and demolition waste management system.
Review
Energy & Fuels
Bilal Kazmi et al.
Summary: Decarbonization of steel manufacturing requires policies and strategies, such as technology development, renewable energy use, carbon pricing mechanisms, and collaboration, to reduce carbon emissions. Low-carbon technologies, renewable energy, carbon pricing, material efficiency, and collaboration are key strategies to reduce emissions in the steel sector. Challenges and opportunities exist in energy, economics, and environmental aspects. Further advancements in operation and energy intensity are needed for technologies to be more effective than conventional methods.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Steve Griffiths et al.
Summary: Concrete, the most widely used construction material globally, has significant environmental impacts despite its durability and versatility. The cement and concrete industry is increasingly required to decarbonize its operations and products to reduce global energy-related CO2 emissions. This paper provides a comprehensive review of more than 800 studies and proposes ways to decarbonize the industry. A socio-technical perspective is used to assess key factors that will drive a net-zero transition in the long term.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Hao Cai et al.
Summary: In order to address building sustainability comprehensively, it is necessary to quantify the embodied greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of building components and operations. A building life-cycle assessment (LCA) module has been developed in the GREET LCA model to evaluate the embodied GHG emissions of buildings and provide insights on building materials and design decisions. The module was applied to study a LEED certified public library in Chicago, USA, examining its embodied GHG impacts and payback period. The results highlight the role of recycled materials in reducing embodied GHG emissions and emphasize the need to benchmark the carbon performance of buildings for sustainable design.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Wanlin Chen et al.
Summary: The increasing construction volume has led to a rise in carbon emissions, making energy conservation and carbon reduction in the building industry crucial. The study found that cement, steel, and brick account for a significant portion of the total energy and carbon emissions of building materials in China, and there are regional disparities in energy and carbon embodied in building materials.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Wen-Tien Tsai et al.
Summary: The service and residential sectors in Taiwan have contributed significantly to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving energy efficiency in buildings. The government's policies and the promotion of green building materials have led to a decrease in electricity consumption and increased adoption of certified high-performance materials.
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Chen Zhu et al.
Summary: This study examines the influencing factors of embodied carbon emissions (EC) in China's building sector and provides guidance for the country's greenhouse gas mitigation strategy. The results show that building construction area and indirect emission intensity have the greatest impact on EC and indirect EC, while total factor productivity and energy intensity also play important roles. Additionally, technical factors have both positive and negative effects, and rebound effects exist in the building construction sector. Therefore, controlling building scale, reducing building material supplyside emission, improving technology, and preventing rebound are key to alleviating building EC.
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Felix Heisel et al.
Summary: This article discusses the development of a high-resolution combined building stock model and building energy model using residential buildings in Ithaca, NY as a case study. The model offers a holistic perspective on operational and embodied carbon emissions, saving potentials, and linkages between buildings and energy use for decision-making purposes.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Cameron Allen et al.
Summary: This study investigates the pathways to achieve net zero emissions in the built environment by 2050 using a national-scale integrated macroeconomic simulation model. By shifting to renewable energy, electrifying buildings, improving energy efficiency, and replacing carbon-intensive materials, a high ambition scenario can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 94% compared to business-as-usual, making net-zero target achievable. Further analysis suggests that even net-negative operational and embodied emissions are possible with more ambitious actions in key areas.
SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Weijun He et al.
Summary: This study examines the misallocation of carbon emission allowances at the provincial level in China and finds that the misallocation is most severe in the western region, which in turn affects the entire nation. By controlling the emissions of provinces with lower CEA marginal outputs, the misallocation can be alleviated effectively.
SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Mehdi Robati et al.
Summary: This research compares the embodied carbon of mid-rise mass timber and concrete buildings in Australia using uncertainty analysis. The results show that mass timber buildings generally have lower embodied carbon, but this depends on assumptions and input data. For concrete buildings, the variation in embodied carbon is primarily influenced by inventory data and building products' lifetime. The greater range of embodied carbon in mass timber buildings is due to variations associated with inventory data, biogenic carbon emissions, and end-of-life scenarios. However, with a carefully planned end-of-life strategy, mass timber buildings have the potential to reduce embodied carbon emissions throughout their lifecycle.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Tengfei Huo et al.
Summary: This study establishes an integrated dynamic emission assessment model to explore the evolutionary trajectories of carbon emissions in China's urban residential building sector. The results show that under a carbon-neutral scenario, the peak of carbon emissions will occur in 2025 and decline thereafter. This study provides valuable insights for policy-making and evaluating emission paths in other countries and regions.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Yihan Wang et al.
Summary: This study reveals the significant potential of ICT in industrial energy conservation and emission reduction, showing that it can increase the potential by 10.7-21.7% in the next 15 years. The research also highlights the differences in technical costs and the cost-effectiveness of ICT, with over 70% of the potential being cost-effective. Uncertainty factors, particularly the popularity of technology, have an impact on the technical potential and cost.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Christian Doh Dinga et al.
Summary: This study assesses the feasibility of achieving carbon neutrality in China's Cement Industry by 2060, finding that it is ambitious but possible under advanced and aggressive abatement scenarios, although uncertainties may lead to additional time costs.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Natthanij Soonsawad et al.
Summary: The construction and maintenance of buildings in Australia have a significant environmental impact, with concrete being the largest contributor to the material footprint. The demand for building materials is projected to increase in the future, posing challenges to achieve sustainable outcomes and meet emission reduction targets.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2022)
Review
Construction & Building Technology
Namya Sharma et al.
Summary: Management of construction and demolition waste is crucial for sustainable infrastructure growth worldwide. This study identifies 33 major global strategies for demolition waste management and assesses the future development and challenges faced by the Indian construction industry in implementing circular economy principles.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Wai Lam Ng et al.
Summary: A green building certification system is crucial for sustainable city development, but the importance of embodied energy and thermal insulation has often been overlooked. This study evaluates the energy consumption and insulation performance of non-green and green-rated non-residential buildings, and finds that insulated building envelopes can significantly reduce cooling demands.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Yang Zhang et al.
Summary: The majority of carbon emissions come from the building sector, so controlling building stock, extending building lifetimes, encouraging retrofitting, and improving material recycling and production efficiency are key to reducing carbon emissions in the construction industry.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Tengfei Huo et al.
Summary: Carbon mitigation in the commercial building sector is crucial for achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. However, there is limited scientific research on the long-term evolutionary trajectories and peak path in this sector. This study develops an integrated dynamic emission assessment model and uses scenario analysis to model the dynamic evolution of Chinese commercial building carbon emissions until 2060. The results indicate that cooling and lighting are the main contributors to carbon emissions growth, with varying carbon abatement potentials across climate zones. Promoting technological progress, increasing clean energy use, and raising low-carbon awareness are identified as major strategies for early carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Chang Tan et al.
Summary: This paper assesses the emission reduction potential of combined mitigation technologies in China's cement industry and explores a low-carbon pathway towards carbon neutrality. The results show that improving energy efficiency and using low-carbon fuels is the main focus for short-term emission reduction, while alternative clinkers and carbon capture technologies also have significant potential.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Richard O'Hegarty et al.
Summary: This study presents a robust methodology for estimating GHG emissions associated with the built environment in Ireland. It found that approximately 37% of Irish GHG emissions are attributed to the built environment, with about one-third of these emissions being embodied in the production of raw materials, transport of materials, and construction and demolition activities.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Economics
Chen Zhu et al.
Summary: China's building sector has reached its peak carbon emissions and there is a significant potential for reduction through controlling construction scale, reducing material emissions, and extending the lifespan of buildings.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Jiayi Xu et al.
Summary: This paper develops a BIM-integrated LCA solution to automate the embodied carbon assessment of prefabricated buildings. The solution shows significant time reduction and efficiency improvement compared to traditional LCA methods. It is important for conducting LCA at the design stage and guiding low-carbon designs.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Yuming Zhu et al.
Summary: The significant role of geotechnical engineering in achieving sustainable development is often neglected. This study investigates the embodied energy and carbon of three design options for a large retaining structure in China, and finds that GRS technology can significantly reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions. In addition, the use of recycled steel has a smaller environmental impact.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jay H. Arehart et al.
Summary: This study uses material flow analysis to estimate the material stocks and flows and associated upfront embodied carbon emissions for gravity building structural systems in the United States. The study predicts the increased floor space and structural material demands through 2100 and suggests that urban mining alone cannot meet the growing demand for structural materials, but the adoption of timber-based systems can reduce carbon emissions.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Toshiyuki Sueyoshi et al.
Summary: Previous research indicates that technological disparities have increased in Chinese provinces over time, reducing the overall contribution of technological progress in addressing environmental issues. The main factors contributing to technology inequality are cross-group inequality and within-group efficiency Gini coefficient, explaining the growing disparities across Chinese regions.
Article
Economics
Tengfei Huo et al.
Summary: This study developed an integrated dynamic simulation model to explore the uncertainties of future trajectory of urban residential building carbon emissions (URBCE) using scenario analysis and Monte Carlo simulation. Results showed substantial disparities among different building end-uses in mitigating URBCE.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Tengfei Huo et al.
Summary: This study investigates the impact of urbanization on China's carbon emissions from buildings through a comprehensive framework and dynamic simulation model. It predicts the peak emissions and trajectories of different building sectors, and finds that rural-urban migration plays a significant role in influencing the peaking time and emission peaks. This research provides valuable insights for the government in formulating effective strategies to achieve carbon peaking and neutrality goals.
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
(2021)
Article
Economics
Nina Holck Sandberg et al.
Summary: The building sector's high demand for energy and materials leads to significant greenhouse gas emissions, requiring large-scale technological improvements for a transition to a low-emission society in the future. Extensive research has been done on energy-efficient and zero-emission buildings, showing potential for energy and GHG emission savings in the Norwegian building stock towards 2050. Implementing stricter future regulations and practices will have important aggregated effects in reaching the climate change mitigation potential of the Norwegian building stock.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xiaoyang Zhong et al.
Summary: The growth of building stock around the world drives extensive material consumption and environmental impacts. Future emissions will depend on socioeconomic development, material use strategies, and supply strategies. Increasing efficiency in the building material sector could reduce emissions by half by 2060, but additional emissions reductions are needed to meet the 1.5 degrees C target.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yuru Guan et al.
Summary: Energy and emission data are crucial for climate change research and mitigation efforts, with accurate energy statistics being essential for mitigation strategies and evaluating low carbon energy transition efforts. This study provides updated emission inventories for China and its provinces for 2018 and 2019, while also updating CO2 emission inventories based on revised energy statistics since 2012.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
W. Pan et al.
Summary: This study identified 11 variables affecting the results of embodied carbon assessment in buildings and found that after normalization, the average embodied carbon in the manufacturing, transportation, and construction stages significantly decreased. Noteworthy variations in assessment results were observed as a result of changes in modeling approaches, emission factor databases, and building structures.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Wulin Pan et al.
Summary: This study compares 4 different energy intensity vectors to inform the choice in input-output modeling, highlighting the importance of selecting the appropriate energy intensity for interpreting results and policy implications. The selection of energy intensity is a process of determining system boundary, requiring a trade-off between detailed actual energy flow and implications about the energy-economy nexus.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Xin Bo et al.
Summary: The emissions concentrations at iron- and steelmaking plants in China have decreased since the implementation of stricter standards in 2015, with particulate matter and SO2 emissions significantly reduced and NOx emissions slightly increased despite an increase in production. If all facilities meet the ultralow emission standards, emissions of particulate matter, SO2, and NOx are expected to decrease further.
NATURE SUSTAINABILITY
(2021)
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JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
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SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
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SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY
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SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY
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Zongguo Wen et al.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
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Zhongming Xu et al.
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