期刊
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
卷 111, 期 -, 页码 259-269出版社
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.04.009
关键词
SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; PASC; Neuroinflammation; Cytokines; PAMP; Neurologic; Neuropsychiatric
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces a range of neurologic and neuro-psychiatric symptoms during and after the infection. Neuroinflammation is believed to be a key factor in the development of these symptoms. This review explores an alternative mechanism in which structural proteins derived from SARS-CoV-2 virions function as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) to elicit proinflammatory immune responses in the periphery and/or brain via Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) inflammatory pathways. These effects may contribute to the neurologic/neuropsychiatric symptoms in COVID-19.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) produces an array of neurologic and neuro-psychiatric symptoms in the acute and post-acute phase of infection (PASC; post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection). Neuroinflammatory processes are considered key factors in the etiology of these symptoms. Several mechanisms underpinning the development of inflammatory events in the brain have been proposed including SARS-CoV-2 neurotropism and peripheral inflammatory responses (i.e., cytokine storm) to infection, which might produce neuroinflammation via immune-to-brain signaling pathways. In this review, we explore evidence in support of an alternate mechanism whereby structural proteins (e.g., spike and spike S1 subunit) derived from SARS-CoV-2 virions function as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) to elicit proinflammatory im-mune responses in the periphery and/or brain via classical Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) inflammatory pathways. We propose that SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins might directly produce inflammatory processes in brain indepen-dent of and/or in addition to peripheral proinflammatory effects, which might converge to play a causal role in the development of neurologic/neuropsychiatric symptoms in COVID-19.
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