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How should we be using biomarkers in trials of disease modification in Parkinson's disease?

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Article Neurosciences

Age-Related Association Between APOE ε4 and Cognitive Progression in de novo Parkinson's Disease

Jia-Yao Liu et al.

Summary: The APOE epsilon 4 genotype in PD is associated with worsened pathology and increased risk of dementia. The effect of APOE epsilon 4 on cognitive progression in de novo PD depends on age. In elderly PD patients, APOE epsilon 4 carriers show faster decline in cognition and higher risk of cognitive progression compared with non-carriers, while no significant relationship is found in middle-aged PD patients.

JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE (2023)

Article Clinical Neurology

Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Synaptic Dysfunction Are Altered in Parkinson's Disease and Related Disorders

Johanna Nilsson et al.

Summary: The study aims to identify and validate biomarkers of synaptic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease and related disorders. The findings show alterations in synaptic proteins in parkinsonian disorders compared with Alzheimer's disease and healthy controls.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2023)

Article Clinical Neurology

Neuromelanin-Sensitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging Changes in the Locus Coeruleus/Subcoeruleus Complex in Patients with Typical and Atypical Parkinsonism

Alexis Nobileau et al.

Summary: The LC/LsC damage is common in patients with Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonism, and it is associated with age. The damage is more severe in patients with multiple system atrophy.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2023)

Article Clinical Neurology

Cutaneous a-Synuclein Signatures in Patients With Multiple System Atrophy and Parkinson Disease

Christopher Gibbons et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates that the expression of phosphorylated α-synuclein in skin biopsies is significantly higher in patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA) compared to patients with Parkinson disease (PD), providing a highly accurate means of differentiation. The study aims to identify a reliable diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for MSA, with a critical need to distinguish it from other synucleinopathies, particularly PD.

NEUROLOGY (2023)

Article Clinical Neurology

Extracellular vesicle biomarkers for cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease

Joseph Blommer et al.

Summary: The protein cargo of neuronal extracellular vesicles may serve as a biomarker for cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease, with differences in alpha-synuclein, phosphorylated tau, and proteins associated with insulin signaling observed between patients with and without cognitive impairment. These findings could provide insights into the underlying pathogenic processes and improve diagnosis and prognosis of Parkinson's disease. Plasma samples from 273 participants were used in the study, and immunoassays were utilized to quantify biomarkers in plasma extracellular vesicles enriched for neuronal origin. Alpha-synuclein, phosphorylated tau, and insulin receptor substrate-1 phosphorylated tyrosine showed diagnostic classification contributions between groups, indicating that both alpha-synuclein and tau pathologies, along with impaired insulin signaling, may underlie Parkinson's disease with cognitive impairment. Plasma neuronal extracellular vesicles biomarkers may inform cognitive prognosis in Parkinson's disease.
Letter Clinical Neurology

Salivary α-Synuclein RT-QuIC Correlates with Disease Severity in de novo Parkinson's Disease

Giorgio Vivacqua et al.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2023)

Article Clinical Neurology

Association of CSF Glucocerebrosidase Activity With the Risk of Incident Dementia in Patients With Parkinson Disease

Linn Oftedal et al.

Summary: This study found that reduced activity of the enzyme in cerebrospinal fluid is associated with an increased risk of developing dementia in newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease patients. The findings have important implications for the design of clinical trials and patient management.

NEUROLOGY (2023)

Article Clinical Neurology

A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Ursodeoxycholic Acid (UDCA) in Parkinson's Disease

Thomas Payne et al.

Summary: The study demonstrated that high-dose UDCA is safe and well tolerated in early PD patients. P-31-MRS results showed improved ATP hydrolysis in the midbrain of the UDCA treatment group, and sensor-based gait analysis indicated possible improvement in gait parameters. Larger trials are necessary to further evaluate the disease-modifying effect of UDCA in PD.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2023)

Article Clinical Neurology

LRRK2 Inhibition by BIIB122 in Healthy Participants and Patients with Parkinson's Disease

Danna Jennings et al.

Summary: This study evaluates the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of the LRRK2 inhibitor BIIB122 in healthy participants and patients with Parkinson's disease. The results show that BIIB122 can significantly inhibit peripheral LRRK2 kinase and regulate the lysosomal pathway downstream of LRRK2.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2023)

Article Clinical Neurology

A Biomarker Study in Patients with GBA1-Parkinson's Disease and Healthy Controls

Jonas M. den Heijer et al.

Summary: This study assessed the variability of various glycosphingolipids (GSLs) in plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) across GBA-PD, iPD, and HVs. The results showed that plasma levels of glucosylceramide were slightly higher in GBA-PD compared with iPD and HVs, while intracellular levels were comparable. There was no correlation between GSLs in different matrices.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2023)

Article Clinical Neurology

Peripheral Inflammation Is Associated with Dopaminergic Degeneration in Parkinson's Disease

Laura Munoz-Delgado et al.

Summary: Two independent studies found that peripheral immune responses are associated with dopaminergic degeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD), with a main correlation found with lymphocyte count.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2023)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Propagative α-synuclein seeds as serum biomarkers for synucleinopathies

Ayami Okuzumi et al.

Summary: A modified assay system (IP/RT-QuIC) has been developed to detect pathogenic alpha-synuclein seeds in the serum of individuals with synucleinopathies. The system showed high diagnostic performance for differentiating Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy from controls.

NATURE MEDICINE (2023)

Review Neurosciences

Proposal for a Biologic Staging System of Parkinson's Disease

Lana M. Chahine et al.

Summary: The Parkinson's disease research field has made progress in understanding the disease's clinical features and identifying potential biomarkers, but a biologically based staging system is still lacking. This system would provide a framework for modeling the disease, developing biomarkers, guiding therapeutic development, and informing clinical trial design. This article proposes a biologically based staging system for Parkinson's disease, highlighting the presence of aggregated neuronal alpha-synuclein, dopaminergic neuron dysfunction/degeneration, and clinical signs and symptoms as key markers for Lewy body pathology and disease progression.

JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE (2023)

Review Clinical Neurology

LRRK2 and Parkinson's disease: from genetics to targeted therapy

Yuri L. Sosero et al.

Summary: LRRK2 variants are associated with both familial and sporadic PD. LRRK2-PD presents with benign clinical features and variable pathology, including inconsistent presence of Lewy bodies and significant Alzheimer's disease pathology. The mechanisms of LRRK2-PD are still unclear, but inflammation, vesicle trafficking, lysosomal homeostasis, and ciliogenesis have been suggested. Understanding the role and function of LRRK2 in PD is important as novel therapies targeting LRRK2 are being developed.

ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL NEUROLOGY (2023)

Article Clinical Neurology

Central and peripheral α-synuclein in Parkinson disease detected by seed amplification assay

Lana G. Chahine et al.

Summary: The accuracy of a-synuclein seed amplification assay was tested in cerebrospinal fluid and submandibular gland, and compared to total a-synuclein measures. Within-subject relationships of central and peripheral a-synuclein measures were investigated.

ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL NEUROLOGY (2023)

Article Clinical Neurology

A Combined Panel of Salivary Biomarkers in de novo Parkinson's Disease

Maria Ilenia De Bartolo et al.

Summary: This study aimed to investigate molecular biomarkers of a-synuclein and tau aggregation, autophagy, and inflammation in the saliva of de novo Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and their potential diagnostic power. The results showed that oligomeric a-synuclein, total-tau, MAP-LC3beta, and TNFalpha levels were significantly higher in PD patients compared to healthy subjects. The combination of salivary biomarkers targeting different molecular pathways, including oligomeric a-synuclein and MAP-LC3beta, showed accurate diagnostic performance.

ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY (2023)

Article Neurosciences

Plasma GFAP in Parkinson's disease with cognitive impairment and its potential to predict conversion to dementia

Yilin Tang et al.

Summary: The levels of plasma GFAP were measured in PD patients with normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI), dementia (PDD), and healthy controls. The results showed that plasma GFAP levels were elevated in PDD and PD-MCI patients compared to healthy controls, and were negatively correlated with MMSE score in PD participants. Plasma GFAP was found to have potential value in distinguishing PDD patients and predicting MCI-to-dementia conversion in PD, with higher accuracy than NfL, Tau, and pTau181.

NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE (2023)

Review Clinical Neurology

alpha-Synuclein Seed Amplification Assays in the Diagnosis of Synucleinopathies Using Cerebrospinal Fluid-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Anna Grossauer et al.

Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of alpha Syn seed amplification assays (alpha Syn-SAAs), including RT-QuIC and PMCA, for differentiating synucleinopathies from controls using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Results showed that alpha Syn-SAAs have high sensitivity and specificity in differentiating synucleinopathies with Lewy bodies from controls, but the diagnostic accuracy for multiple system atrophy was lower.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS CLINICAL PRACTICE (2023)

Review Clinical Neurology

Extracellular Vesicles for the Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Mary Xylaki et al.

Summary: Parkinson's disease (PD) biomarkers are important for diagnosis, study populations, and therapeutic response monitoring. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a promising material for biomarker development, containing proteins and molecular material from various organs. Meta-analysis reveals increased levels of alpha-synuclein (aSyn) and leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) in EVs of PD patients, suggesting their potential as biomarkers for PD diagnosis and monitoring.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2023)

Article Clinical Neurology

Plasma extracellular vesicle tau, & beta;-amyloid, and & alpha;-synuclein and the progression of Parkinson's disease: a follow-up study

Lung Chan et al.

Summary: This study investigated the dynamic changes in plasma extracellular vesicle (EV) contents, including α-synuclein, tau, and β-amyloid, in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and their correlation with clinical progression. The results suggest that these proteins may serve as biomarkers for evaluating disease deterioration risk.

THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS (2023)

Article Clinical Neurology

A Biomarker Study in Patients with GBA1-Parkinson's Disease and Healthy Controls

Jonas M. den Heijer et al.

Summary: This study assessed the variability of various GSLs in plasma, PBMCs, and CSF across GBA-PD, iPD, and HVs. Glucosylceramide was found to be a stable biomarker for GBA-PD clinical trials, while lactosylceramide and glucosylsphingosine were affected by leukocyte subtypes in PBMCs. GBA-PD could be differentiated from iPD and HVs based on glucosylceramide levels in plasma.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2023)

Article Clinical Neurology

Peripheral Inflammation Is Associated with Dopaminergic Degeneration in Parkinson's Disease

Laura Munoz-Delgado et al.

Summary: The findings from two independent cohorts suggest a relationship between systemic inflammation and dopaminergic degeneration in patients with PD, primarily driven by lymphocyte count.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2023)

Article Clinical Neurology

Diagnostic value of cerebrospinal fluid alpha-synuclein seed quantification in synucleinopathies

Ilaria Poggiolini et al.

Summary: The study aimed to assess the diagnostic value of CSF alpha-synuclein RT-QuIC quantitative parameters in regard to disease progression, stratification, and conversion in synucleinopathies. The results showed that alpha-synuclein RT-QuIC adds value in diagnosing Parkinson's disease and may provide a way to distinguish variations within Parkinson's disease phenotype. The assay also showed potential as an early biomarker detecting synucleinopathy in idiopathic REM sleep behaviour disorder patients prior to conversion.
Review Clinical Neurology

Fluid markers of synapse degeneration in synucleinopathies

Alba Cervantes Gonzalez et al.

Summary: The abnormal accumulation of alpha-synuclein in the brain is a common feature of Parkinson's disease (PD), PD dementia (PDD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Synapse degeneration is the crucial neuropathological event in these synucleinopathies and the neuropathological correlate of connectome dysfunction. A marker of synapse degeneration that can correlate with measures of cognitive or motor impairment could serve as a more objective, surrogate biomarker of the core clinical features of these diseases. This review discusses candidate biomarkers of synapse degeneration in PD, PDD, DLB, and MSA patient-derived biofluids and their relevance to alpha-synuclein-mediated synapse degeneration mechanisms.

JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSMISSION (2022)

Review Clinical Neurology

Tau proteins in blood as biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease and other proteinopathies

Federico Verde

Summary: This review discusses the recent developments in the field of plasma tau proteins as diagnostic, pathophysiological and prognostic biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease, as well as additional findings from the fields of genetic forms of AD and non-AD proteinopathies.

JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSMISSION (2022)

Article Clinical Neurology

Serum neurofilament light chain and postural instability/gait difficulty (PIGD) subtypes of Parkinson's disease in the MARK-PD study

Monika Poetter-Nerger et al.

Summary: This study found that increased serum neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels were associated with PIGD subtype and PIGD scores in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease.

JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSMISSION (2022)

Article Neurosciences

Serum Neurofilament Light Chain as a Marker of Progression in Parkinson's Disease: Long-Term Observation and Implications of Clinical Subtypes

Emil Ygland Rodstrom et al.

Summary: This study examined the utility of serum neurofilament light chain (S-NfL) as a biomarker in late-stage Parkinson's disease (PD). The results showed significant correlations between S-NfL levels and disease progression milestones. Higher S-NfL levels were associated with poorer daily living activities and cognitive function. Combining S-NfL with clinical factors improved prognostic accuracy.

JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE (2022)

Article Clinical Neurology

Plasma total tau predicts executive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease

Wei-Ting Lin et al.

Summary: The study found that lower levels of plasma alpha-syn were correlated with motor dysfunction in PD patients, while higher levels of plasma t-tau were associated with lower cognitive performance, especially in attention and executive function. These results suggest the potential use of plasma biomarkers to predict specific cognitive performance in PD subjects.

ACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA (2022)

Article Clinical Neurology

Combining biomarkers for prognostic modelling of Parkinson's disease

Nirosen Vijiaratnam et al.

Summary: This study aimed to determine if blood biomarkers (NfL and genetic status) can serve as additional clinical measures for prognosis in PD patients. The results showed that NfL and genetic variables have similar predictive ability for unfavorable progression as clinical predictors. The combination of clinical, NfL, and genetic data produced a stronger prediction of unfavorable outcomes compared to age and gender.

JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY (2022)

Article Clinical Neurology

Impaired brain insulin signalling in Parkinson's disease

Fares Bassil et al.

Summary: The study found higher IRS-1pS312 expression in both PD patients and a preclinical rat model, indicating brain insulin resistance in PD and supporting the repurposing of anti-diabetic drugs for PD treatment.

NEUROPATHOLOGY AND APPLIED NEUROBIOLOGY (2022)

Article Clinical Neurology

Diabetes, Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c), and Neuroaxonal Damage in Parkinson's Disease (MARK-PD Study)

Merve Uyar et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the relationship between diabetes and HbA1c levels with neuroaxonal damage and cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease patients. The results showed that diabetes and high HbA1c levels were associated with increased neuroaxonal damage and cognitive impairment.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2022)

Review Clinical Neurology

α-Synuclein Radiotracer Development and In Vivo Imaging: Recent Advancements and New Perspectives

Obada M. Alzghool et al.

Summary: Alpha-synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson's disease and Lewy body dementia, share similar symptoms and pathological features. Currently, there is a lack of imaging biomarkers for the early diagnosis of these diseases. Aggregated alpha-synuclein has shown potential as an imaging biomarker and there are ongoing developments in antibodies and small molecule compounds for therapy. However, there is a need for improvement in imaging methods for aggregated alpha-synuclein.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2022)

Article Clinical Neurology

Development and Validation of Automated Magnetic Resonance Parkinsonism Index 2.0 to Distinguish Progressive Supranuclear Palsy-Parkinsonism From Parkinson's Disease

Andrea Quattrone et al.

Summary: This study developed an automated Magnetic Resonance Parkinsonism Index 2.0 (MRPI 2.0) algorithm to differentiate progressive supranuclear palsy-parkinsonism (PSP-P) from Parkinson's disease (PD) and validated its diagnostic performance in two large independent cohorts. The automated MRPI 2.0 showed excellent performance in distinguishing PSP-P from PD and control subjects in both cohorts, suggesting its generalizability. The use of the automated MRPI 2.0 algorithm could standardize measures in patients with PSP-P across centers and have a positive impact on multicenter studies and clinical trials.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2022)

Review Clinical Neurology

Real-time quaking-induced conversion assay is accurate for Lewy body diseases: a meta-analysis

Yashan Wang et al.

Summary: This meta-analysis evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of RT-QuIC for Lewy body diseases and found that it is a reliable and accurate method for diagnosing these diseases.

NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES (2022)

Article Clinical Neurology

Detection of neuron-derived pathological α-synuclein in blood

Annika Kluge et al.

Summary: To date, no reliable clinically applicable biomarker has been established for Parkinson's disease. Our results suggest that a blood test for Parkinson's disease using neuronal extracellular vesicles may be possible.
Article Clinical Neurology

Genetics of validated Parkinson's disease subtypes in the Oxford Discovery and Tracking Parkinson's cohorts

Michael Lawton et al.

Summary: This study explores the genetics of four previously described subtypes of Parkinson's disease and finds associations between different subtypes and GBA gene mutations and genetic risk. These findings provide insights into the underlying disease mechanisms and pathogenesis in different subtypes of Parkinson's disease.

JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY (2022)

Article Clinical Neurology

The Impact of Type 2 Diabetes in Parkinson's Disease

Dilan Athauda et al.

Summary: In this study, the influence of type 2 diabetes on disease progression in Parkinson's disease was investigated. The results showed that patients with type 2 diabetes had more severe motor and nonmotor symptoms, were more likely to experience loss of independence and depression, and had faster motor symptom progression, worse mood symptoms, and higher risk of gait impairment and mild cognitive impairment compared to patients without type 2 diabetes.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2022)

Letter Clinical Neurology

Diabetes and Neuroaxonal Damage in Parkinson's Disease

Nirosen Vijiaratnam et al.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2022)

Article Clinical Neurology

Longitudinal Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Presynaptic Terminals in Early Parkinson's Disease

Aline Delva et al.

Summary: This study used PET imaging to longitudinally assess presynaptic terminal loss in early Parkinson's disease (PD). The results showed that F-18-FE-PE2I PET was able to detect a significant decline over 2 years in early PD, while C-11-UCB-J PET did not show any changes. However, the changes in F-18-FE-PE2I binding did not correlate with clinical motor progression.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2022)

Review Clinical Neurology

alpha-Synuclein Seed Amplification Assays for Diagnosing Synucleinopathies The Way Forward

Giovanni Bellomo et al.

Summary: Parkinson disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease associated with misfolding and aggregation of alpha-synuclein. Seed amplification assays (SAAs) can detect misfolded alpha-synuclein in patients with PD and are promising diagnostic biomarkers. However, standardization issues need to be addressed.

NEUROLOGY (2022)

Article Clinical Neurology

Dissociable contribution of plasma NfL and p-tau181 to cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease

Javier Pagonabarraga et al.

Summary: The study found that plasma NfL levels can be used to differentiate mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease and predict future dementia progression.

PARKINSONISM & RELATED DISORDERS (2022)

Article Neurosciences

Plasma p-tau181, neurofilament light chain and association with cognition in Parkinson's disease

Lucia Batzu et al.

Summary: Early identification of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease has important implications. This study found that plasma NfL concentration is associated with cognitive performance in PD patients and may serve as a biomarker for cognitive progression.

NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Structures of α-synuclein filaments from human brains with Lewy pathology

Yang Yang et al.

Summary: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common movement disorder characterized by resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia and postural instability. It is associated with the presence of alpha-synuclein inclusions in brain cells. Many PD patients develop dementia after several years of diagnosis. PD dementia (PDD) is similar to dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), which is diagnosed when cognitive impairment precedes parkinsonian motor signs or begins within one year from their onset.

NATURE (2022)

Article Clinical Neurology

Disease-Associated a-Synuclein Aggregates as Biomarkers of Parkinson Disease Clinical Stage

Nour Majbour et al.

Summary: This study demonstrated the quantification of aSyn aggregates in PD patients through a combination of seed amplification assay and ELISA, showing that this method is more effective than using SAA alone and can reflect the disease stage of patients.

NEUROLOGY (2022)

Article Clinical Neurology

Assessment of Bioenergetic Deficits in Patients With Parkinson Disease and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Using 31P-MRSI

Jannik Prasuhn et al.

Summary: Mitochondrial dysfunction and bioenergetic depletion contribute to idiopathic Parkinson disease pathophysiology but not to progressive supranuclear palsy. Combined morphometric and metabolic imaging could serve as an accompanying diagnostic biomarker in the neuroimaging-guided differential diagnosis of these parkinsonian disorders.

NEUROLOGY (2022)

Review Clinical Neurology

Diagnostic value of ?-synuclein seeding amplification assays in ?-synucleinopathies: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Dallah Yoo et al.

Summary: Alpha Syn-SAAs are promising in vivo detectors of abnormal alpha Syn aggregates and may aid the early diagnosis of alpha-synucleinopathies.

PARKINSONISM & RELATED DISORDERS (2022)

Article Clinical Neurology

Initial clinical scans using [ 18 F]ACI‐12589, a novel α‐synuclein PET‐tracer

Ruben Smith et al.

Alzheimers & Dementia (2022)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Aducanumab for the treatment of Alzheimer?s disease

Matteo Tagliapietra

Summary: Alzheimer's disease is the most common neurodegenerative condition causing dementia, and current treatments are limited to symptomatic therapy. No proven effective amyloid-based drug candidate exists.

DRUGS OF TODAY (2022)

Review Clinical Neurology

a-Synuclein Seed Amplification Assays for Diagnosing Synucleinopathies The Way Forward

Giovanni Bellomo et al.

Summary: Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, and its diagnosis is currently based on motor symptoms. Seed amplification assays have the potential to identify Parkinson's disease at an earlier stage.

NEUROLOGY (2022)

Article Clinical Neurology

Skin α-Synuclein Aggregation Seeding Activity as a Novel Biomarker for Parkinson Disease

Zerui Wang et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that skin alpha Syn(P) seeding activity can potentially serve as a novel biomarker for antemortem diagnosis of Parkinson disease (PD) and other synucleinopathies. The analysis of skin samples from autopsies and biopsies shows a significant increase in alpha Syn(P) seeding activity in individuals with PD and synucleinopathies compared to controls with tauopathies and non-neurodegenerative diseases.

JAMA NEUROLOGY (2021)

Article Clinical Neurology

Evaluating dopamine transporter imaging as an enrichment biomarker in a phase 2 Parkinson's disease trial

R. Matthew Hutchison et al.

Summary: DaT-SPECT imaging can be a useful tool to verify the clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. In the SPARK clinical trial, a small percentage of participants were excluded due to negative DaT-SPECT findings, which was lower than previous studies. Further research is needed to understand the reasons for this discrepancy and to determine if these results are applicable to future studies.

BMC NEUROLOGY (2021)

Article Clinical Neurology

Beta-synuclein in cerebrospinal fluid as an early diagnostic marker of Alzheimer's disease

Steffen Halbgebauer et al.

Summary: A novel ELISA was established to evaluate beta-synuclein as a potential marker for Alzheimer's disease. The study found increased levels of beta-synuclein in the CSF of some patients, supporting its potential use as a marker of synaptic degeneration. Furthermore, beta-synuclein was localized in glutamatergic synapses, with its expression reduced in AD patients' brain tissue.

JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY (2021)

Article Neurosciences

Oligomeric α-Syn and SNARE complex proteins in peripheral extracellular vesicles of neural origin are biomarkers for Parkinson's disease

Cristina Agliardi et al.

Summary: Blood-based biomarkers such as oligomeric alpha-Syn and presynaptic SNARE complex proteins show promising potential in diagnosing and predicting Parkinson's Disease. The concentrations of these biomarkers in neural derived extravesicles (NDEs) from peripheral blood correlate with disease duration and severity, indicating their potential as easily accessible and effective tools for monitoring disease progression.

NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Validation of human microRNA target pathways enables evaluation of target prediction tools

Fabian Kern et al.

Summary: MiRNAs are regulators of gene expression, and their target genes are not randomly distributed in the transcriptome, but share functional pathways. The HiTmIR strategy efficiently validates target genes and provides a resource for training or benchmarking other target predictors.

NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH (2021)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Dopamine Transporter Imaging, Current Status of a Potential Biomarker: A Comprehensive Review

Giovanni Palermo et al.

Summary: This review highlights the importance of dopamine transporter imaging in clinical research of PD, discussing its role as a biomarker in diagnosis, preclinical, and predictive aspects. The article emphasizes the use of dopamine transporter imaging in assessing PD pathology, as well as recent studies questioning its correlation with nigral cell or axon counts.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Inflammation and regulatory T cell genes are differentially expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of Parkinson's disease patients

Zerrin Karaaslan et al.

Summary: By using microarray technology, 361 DEGs were identified in PBMC of PD patients and controls, with involvement in various biological processes and pathways, and validation of expression levels by RT-PCR. PD patients showed increased CD49d(+) Treg proportions, which correlated with disability scores. Upregulation of survival pathway genes might be a compensatory response to neuronal degeneration, with an association between survival and inflammation genes revealed through bioinformatics analysis.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2021)

Review Neurosciences

Neuropathology and molecular diagnosis of Synucleinopathies

Shunsuke Koga et al.

Summary: Synucleinopathies are a group of diseases characterized by pathological aggregates of alpha-synuclein in neurons and glia. The two main disease entities are Lewy body disease and multiple system atrophy, each with different clinical subtypes. Currently, there are no disease-modifying therapies, but research on molecular mechanisms provides hope for future treatments.

MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION (2021)

Letter Clinical Neurology

Serum neurofilament light chain predicts future freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease

Ryul Kim et al.

PARKINSONISM & RELATED DISORDERS (2021)

Article Clinical Neurology

Detection of α-synuclein in CSF by RT-QuIC in patients with isolated rapid-eye-movement sleep behaviour disorder: a longitudinal observational study

Alex Iranzo et al.

Summary: The study found that RT-QuIC can detect misfolded alpha-synuclein in the CSF of patients with IRBD with both high sensitivity and specificity, indicating that detection of alpha-synuclein may serve as an early marker for Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies.

LANCET NEUROLOGY (2021)

Article Clinical Neurology

Euglycemia Indicates Favorable Motor Outcome in Parkinson's Disease

Ioanna Markaki et al.

Summary: This study found that both low and high levels of HbA1c may be associated with motor symptom progression in Parkinson's disease patients, while diabetes mellitus was not an independent predictor of unfavorable motor outcome. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and enhance understanding of causality.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2021)

Article Clinical Neurology

The Mutation Matters: CSF Profiles of GCase, Sphingolipids, α-Synuclein in PDGBA

Stefanie Lerche et al.

Summary: This study investigated the biomarker profiles associated with the GBA pathway and found that GBA mutations have a functional impact on biomarker profiles in patients. This allows patient stratification for clinical trials based solely on mutation status. Importantly, these findings were most prominent in PDGBA patients with severe variants.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2021)

Article Clinical Neurology

Longitudinal Changes in Neuromelanin MRI Signal in Parkinson's Disease: A Progression Marker

Rahul Gaurav et al.

Summary: The study found a progressive decrease in neuromelanin-based substantia nigra signal and volume in PD patients, which could serve as a noninvasive assessment marker for disease progression.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2021)

Article Clinical Neurology

Type 2 Diabetes as a Determinant of Parkinson's Disease Risk and Progression

Harneek Chohan et al.

Summary: The meta-analysis of observational and genetic data showed a significant association between type 2 diabetes and Parkinson's disease risk and progression, providing new evidence for their relationship.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2021)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Potential of extracellular vesicles in the Parkinson's disease-Pathological mediators and biomarkers

Yuan Zhao et al.

Summary: Parkinson's disease is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive deterioration of motor function, with the main pathogenesis involving the gradual death of dopaminergic neuronal populations and the accumulation of α-syn. The roles of extracellular vesicles in PD include enhancing the spread of α-syn, influencing other aspects of PD pathology, and potentially serving as valuable biomarkers for clinical diagnosis.

NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Synergistic Association between Plasma Aβ1-42 and p-tau in Alzheimer's Disease but Not in Parkinson's Disease or Frontotemporal Dementia

Ming-Jang Chiu et al.

Summary: In Alzheimer's disease (AD), phosphorylated tau (p-tau) is significantly associated with plasma A beta(1-42) levels, which explains a large portion of the plasma p-tau levels in AD participants. The relationship between p-tau and A beta(1-42) is specific to AD and frontotemporal dementia, suggesting a synergic effect in the genesis of these pathological proteins. Plasma p-tau is also correlated with clinical severity in AD patients.

ACS CHEMICAL NEUROSCIENCE (2021)

Article Clinical Neurology

α-Synuclein in blood exosomes immunoprecipitated using neuronal and oligodendroglial markers distinguishes Parkinson's disease from multiple system atrophy

Suman Dutta et al.

Summary: The study found that measuring α-syn in exosomes from blood can effectively distinguish between patients with PD and MSA with high sensitivity and specificity. A multinomial logistic model combining α-syn concentration, exosome concentration, and a ratio between α-syn concentrations in specific exosomes showed promising results in separating PD from MSA.

ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA (2021)

Article Neurosciences

Neurofilament Levels Are Reflecting the Loss of Presynaptic Dopamine Receptors in Movement Disorders

Elena Diekaemper et al.

Summary: The study reveals a strong correlation between NfL and pNfH with pathological changes in presynaptic dopamine transporter density in the putamen concomitant to nigrostriatal degeneration.

FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE (2021)

Review Geriatrics & Gerontology

The Future of Incretin-Based Approaches for Neurodegenerative Diseases in Older Adults: Which to Choose? A Review of their Potential Efficacy and Suitability

Christine Girges et al.

Summary: Current treatments for neurodegenerative diseases in older adults focus on symptom relief, but there is a growing need to identify disease-modifying drugs. Incretin-based therapies for diabetes may also be beneficial in treating neurodegenerative diseases, with GLP-1 receptor agonists showing potential. Safety, tolerability, and CNS penetration should be considered when repurposing these drugs for neurodegenerative conditions.

DRUGS & AGING (2021)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

PGC-1s in the Spotlight with Parkinson's Disease

Elena Piccinin et al.

Summary: Parkinson's disease is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons, with mitochondrial dysfunction considered central to its pathogenesis. Failure of mitochondrial quality control is a hallmark of the disease, with the PGC-1 family playing a crucial role in regulating mitochondrial biogenesis.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

Article Neurosciences

High diagnostic performance of independent alpha-synuclein seed amplification assays for detection of early Parkinson's disease

Marco J. Russo et al.

Summary: Alpha Synuclein seed amplification assays (Alpha Syn-SAAs) are considered promising diagnostic tools for Parkinson's disease and related synucleinopathies, showing high diagnostic accuracy in multiple patient cohorts. This study compared results from three independent laboratories and found high reproducibility and diagnostic performance of the assay.

ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Article Neurosciences

Association between CSF alpha-synuclein seeding activity and genetic status in Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies

Kathrin Brockmann et al.

Summary: The RT-QuIC analysis of cerebrospinal fluid has shown high sensitivity and specificity for detecting misfolded alpha-Syn in patients with PD and DLB. The results indicate that positive alpha-Syn seeding activity is associated with mutation status in both PD and DLB patients.

ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Article Clinical Neurology

Validation of α-Synuclein in L1CAM-Immunocaptured Exosomes as a Biomarker for the Stratification of Parkinsonian Syndromes

Cheng Jiang et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that measuring alpha-synuclein levels above 14 pg/mL in L1CAM-immunocaptured serum exosomes can robustly differentiate Parkinson's disease from other movement disorders. Furthermore, elevated levels of exosomal clusterin in individuals with 4-repeat tauopathies, combined with alpha-synuclein, improves the assay's performance in distinguishing Parkinson's disease from 4-repeat tauopathies. However, correction for the generic exosomal protein syntenin-1 did not consistently enhance the assay's performance.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2021)

Article Clinical Neurology

α-Synuclein in Plasma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Is a Potential Biomarker of Parkinson's Disease

Anne Stuendl et al.

Summary: This study aimed to examine the diagnostic value of alpha-synuclein in plasma extracellular vesicles from patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Results showed that alpha-synuclein concentration in plasma extracellular vesicles could provide good discrimination between different neurodegenerative diseases, suggesting its potential as a diagnostic biomarker for PD. The study highlights the importance of extracellular vesicle-derived alpha-synuclein in disease pathology and diagnosis.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2021)

Article Clinical Neurology

Reduced Synaptic Density in Patients with Lewy Body Dementia: An [11C]UCB-J PET Imaging Study

Katrine B. Andersen et al.

Summary: This study evaluated synaptic density in PD and dementia patients using in vivo PET imaging and found widespread cortical reduction in DLB/PDD subjects. The results suggest that synaptic density loss contributes to cognitive impairment in nPD and DLB/PDD.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2021)

Article Clinical Neurology

Longitudinal Analysis of Multiple Neurotransmitter Metabolites in Cerebrospinal Fluid in Early Parkinson's Disease

Thomas Kremer et al.

Summary: In this study, CSF levels of monoamine metabolites were quantified in PD patients and healthy controls, showing lower levels of HVA and DOPAC in PD patients. Levels of these metabolites correlated with PD symptoms and dopamine levels. Metabolite levels did not change in drug-naive individuals over 2 years, but some changed upon starting levodopa treatment.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2021)

Article Clinical Neurology

Cerebrospinal α-Synuclein Oligomers Reflect Disease Motor Severity in DeNoPa Longitudinal Cohort

Nour K. Majbour et al.

Summary: This study investigated CSF biomarkers levels in newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease patients, finding that CSF oligomeric alpha-synuclein increased with disease severity and reflected PD motor trajectories.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2021)

Article Genetics & Heredity

Genome-wide survival study identifies a novel synaptic locus and polygenic score for cognitive progression in Parkinson's disease

Ganqiang Liu et al.

Summary: A genome-wide survival study identified variants at RIMS2 associated with progression of Parkinson's disease to dementia and highlights divergence in the genetic architecture of disease onset and progression.

NATURE GENETICS (2021)

Article Clinical Neurology

Faster disease progression in Parkinson's disease with type 2 diabetes is not associated with increased α-synuclein, tau, amyloid-β or vascular pathology

Eduardo de Pablo-Fernandez et al.

Summary: Type 2 diabetes may lead to faster disease progression and reduced survival in Parkinson's disease, possibly due to non-specific neurodegeneration related to chronic brain insulin resistance rather than increased vascular, Lewy or Alzheimer's pathologies.

NEUROPATHOLOGY AND APPLIED NEUROBIOLOGY (2021)

Article Clinical Neurology

Serum NFL levels predict progression of motor impairment and reduction in putamen dopamine transporter binding ratios in de novo Parkinson's disease: An 8-year longitudinal study

Rong Ye et al.

Summary: Research shows that serum NFL levels in Parkinson's disease patients are associated with motor decline and dopamine transporter loss, but not significantly related to cognitive decline. Higher serum NFL levels also predict progression of PIGD clinical features.

PARKINSONISM & RELATED DISORDERS (2021)

Article Neurosciences

Serum Neurofilament Dynamics Predicts Cognitive Progression in de novo Parkinson's Disease

Ling-Zhi Ma et al.

Summary: The study found that serum NfL concentration can serve as an accessible biomarker for monitoring the severity and progression of cognitive decline in PD patients. Patients with PD had higher levels of serum NfL compared to healthy controls, and the increase in NfL levels was faster in the PD group. Baseline NfL levels and their rate of change were found to predict measurable cognitive decline in early PD, as well as future risk of PD dementia.

JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE (2021)

Letter Oncology

MicroRNAs from extracellular vesicles as a signature for Parkinson's disease

Lucas Caldi Gomes et al.

CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Plasma extracellular vesicles tau and β-amyloid as biomarkers of cognitive dysfunction of Parkinson's disease

Chen-Chih Chung et al.

Summary: Plasma extracellular vesicle (EV) tau and Aβ42 are significant markers of cognitive function in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, and can help identify cognitive dysfunction. An artificial neural network model accurately predicts cognitive function in PD patients.

FASEB JOURNAL (2021)

Article Clinical Neurology

Progress towards therapies for disease modification in Parkinson's disease

Nirosen Vijiaratnam et al.

Summary: The development of disease-modifying treatments for Parkinson's disease remains a challenge, due in part to limitations in therapeutic candidate selection and clinical trial design. A better understanding of Parkinson's disease pathogenesis, the use of biomarkers, focus on safe drugs, and precision medicine approaches could greatly increase the likelihood of successful identification of disease-modifying treatments.

LANCET NEUROLOGY (2021)

Article Clinical Neurology

Neurofilament Light Chain as a Biomarker for Cognitive Decline in Parkinson Disease

Whitley W. Aamodt et al.

Summary: The study found that neurofilament light chain protein (NfL) is associated with cognitive function in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and can predict future cognitive decline. Plasma NfL was identified as a useful prognostic biomarker for PD, predicting the likelihood of PD patients converting to mild cognitive impairment or dementia.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2021)

Article Clinical Neurology

Systematic Assessment of 10 Biomarker Candidates Focusing on α-Synuclein-Related Disorders

Isabel Schulz et al.

Summary: Objective diagnostic biomarkers are needed to support a clinical diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders, with various markers being analyzed in serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid for alpha-synuclein-related disorders. Levels of most markers tested significantly differed between disease groups and healthy controls, with CSF NfL levels best discriminating between Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2021)

Article Clinical Neurology

Peripheral Immune Profile and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Parkinson's Disease

Laura Munoz-Delgado et al.

Summary: Parkinson's disease patients exhibit altered peripheral immune profiles and higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) compared to healthy controls. However, there appears to be no significant association between NLR and clinical characteristics of Parkinson's disease. A meta-analysis also suggests higher NLR in Parkinson's disease patients.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2021)

Article Clinical Neurology

CSF Protein Level of Neurotransmitter Secretion, Synaptic Plasticity, and Autophagy in PD and DLB

Stefanie Lerche et al.

Summary: This study evaluated CSF protein profiles related to alpha-synuclein proteostasis in PD and DLB patients, finding lower levels of proteins associated with neurotransmitter secretion, synaptic plasticity, and endolysosomal autophagy in patients compared to healthy controls. These protein levels were positively associated with levels of total alpha-synuclein in CSF, showing a potential biomarker role in monitoring alpha-synuclein pathology in PD and DLB.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2021)

Article Neurosciences

Investigation of α-Synuclein Species in Plasma Exosomes and the Oligomeric and Phosphorylated α-Synuclein as Potential Peripheral Biomarker of Parkinson's Disease

Hengxing Zheng et al.

Summary: This study examined the aggregation status, localization, and degradation characteristics of a-syn and p-a-syn in plasma exosomes from PD patients and healthy controls. Results indicated poor solubility of a-syn and p-a-syn after protease K treatment, with aggregates found inside and on the membrane surface of plasma exosomes. The ratios of oligomeric a-syn/total a-syn and oligomeric p-a-syn/total p-a-syn in plasma exosomes showed moderate utility in assisting PD diagnosis.

NEUROSCIENCE (2021)

Article Clinical Neurology

Serum neurofilament is associated with motor function, cognitive decline and subclinical cardiac damage in advanced Parkinson's disease (MARK-PD)

Louisa Niemann et al.

Summary: In advanced PD patients, serum NfL concentrations are associated with motor function, cognitive decline, and subclinical cardiac damage.

PARKINSONISM & RELATED DISORDERS (2021)

Review Clinical Neurology

Emerging Neuroimaging Biomarkers Across Disease Stage in Parkinson Disease A Review

Trina Mitchell et al.

Summary: Imaging biomarkers for different stages of Parkinson's disease are crucial for monitoring progression in clinical trials and improving clinical care. This review highlights the importance of considering disease stage when implementing diagnostic and progression biomarkers in both clinical trials and clinical care settings.

JAMA NEUROLOGY (2021)

Article Clinical Neurology

Serotonergic System Impacts Levodopa Response in Early Parkinson's and Future Risk of Dyskinesia

Jessie F. Fu et al.

Summary: The study found that the serotonergic system contributes to dopamine release and increases the risk for motor complications in early Parkinson's disease. Moreover, this contribution fails to provide sustained therapeutic advantage in early disease.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2021)

Article Clinical Neurology

Genome-Wide Association Studies of Cognitive and Motor Progression in Parkinson's Disease

Manuela M. X. Tan et al.

Summary: The study found that genetic variants associated with Parkinson's disease risk are not linked to disease progression. The APOE epsilon 4 tagging variant was significantly associated with cognitive progression, while ATP8B2 gene showed a nominal association with motor progression. The new method shows promise in improving the measurement of symptom progression in PD.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2021)

Article Clinical Neurology

CSF or serum neurofilament light added to α-Synuclein panel discriminates Parkinson's from controls

Linda P. Oosterveld et al.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2020)

Article Clinical Neurology

Synaptic Changes in Parkinson Disease Assessed with in vivo Imaging

David Matuskey et al.

ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY (2020)

Article Clinical Neurology

Cerebrospinal fluid levels of neurogranin in Parkinsonian disorders

Sara Hall et al.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2020)

Article Clinical Neurology

Metabolic network abnormalities in drug-naive Parkinson's Disease

Katharina A. Schindlbeck et al.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Discriminating α-synuclein strains in Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy

Mohammad Shahnawaz et al.

NATURE (2020)

Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Plasma tau protein and Aβ42 level as markers of cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease

Justyna Chojdak-Lukasiewicz et al.

ADVANCES IN CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE (2020)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

In Vivo Mitochondrial Function in Idiopathic and Genetic Parkinson's Disease

Gabriele Dossi et al.

METABOLITES (2020)

Article Clinical Neurology

Serum neuronal exosomes predict and differentiate Parkinson's disease from atypical parkinsonism

Cheng Jiang et al.

JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Increased alpha-synuclein tear fluid levels in patients with Parkinson's disease

Fabian Maass et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2020)

Article Geriatrics & Gerontology

Plasma Levels of α-Synuclein, Aβ-40 and T-tau as Biomarkers to Predict Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson's Disease

Nai-Ching Chen et al.

FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE (2020)

Article Clinical Neurology

Dopamine Buffering Capacity Imaging: A Pharmacodynamic fMRI Method for Staging Parkinson Disease

Kevin J. Black et al.

FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY (2020)

Article Clinical Neurology

Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Neurofilament Light in the Differentiation of Parkinsonism

Derek B. Archer et al.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Structures of α-synuclein filaments from multiple system atrophy

Manuel Schweighauser et al.

NATURE (2020)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Contactin-1 Is Reduced in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Parkinson's Disease Patients and Is Present within Lewy Bodies

Madhurima Chatterjee et al.

BIOMOLECULES (2020)

Article Chemistry, Analytical

Facile Impedimetric Analysis of Neuronal Exosome Markers in Parkinson's Disease Diagnostics

Ying Fu et al.

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (2020)

Article Clinical Neurology

Subclinical Cardiac Microdamage, Motor Severity, and Cognition in Parkinson's Disease

Chi-un Choe et al.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2020)

Article Clinical Neurology

Validation of Serum Neurofilament Light Chain as a Biomarker of Parkinson's Disease Progression

Brit Mollenhauer et al.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2020)

Article Neurosciences

Association of inflammatory factors and aging in Parkinson's disease

Hong Jin et al.

NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS (2020)

Review Clinical Neurology

Neuroimaging Advances in Parkinson's Disease and Atypical Parkinsonian Syndromes

Usman Saeed et al.

FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY (2020)

Article Clinical Neurology

No enhanced (p-) α-synuclein deposition in gastrointestinal tissue of Parkinson's disease patients

Biyan Nathanael Harapan et al.

PARKINSONISM & RELATED DISORDERS (2020)

Article Clinical Neurology

Neurofilament light chain level in plasma extracellular vesicles and Parkinson's disease

Chen-Chih Chung et al.

THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS (2020)

Article Clinical Neurology

Serum FGF-21, GDF-15, and blood mtDNA copy number are not biomarkers of Parkinson disease

Ryan L. Davis et al.

NEUROLOGY-CLINICAL PRACTICE (2020)

Article Clinical Neurology

Serum NFL discriminates Parkinson disease from atypical parkinsonisms

Taina M. Marques et al.

NEUROLOGY (2019)

Article Clinical Neurology

Salivary alpha-synuclein in the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

Giorgio Vivacqua et al.

PARKINSONISM & RELATED DISORDERS (2019)

Review Clinical Neurology

C-Reactive Protein and Risk of Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Xiaohui Qiu et al.

FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY (2019)

Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Oligomeric α-synuclein is increased in basal tears of Parkinson's patients

Sarah F. Hamm-Alvarez et al.

BIOMARKERS IN MEDICINE (2019)

Review Clinical Neurology

CSF and blood biomarkers for Parkinson's disease

Lucilla Parnetti et al.

LANCET NEUROLOGY (2019)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

VGF Peptides in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Dementia with Lewy Bodies

Inger van Steenoven et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2019)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Insights into ubiquitin chain architecture using Ub-clipping

Kirby N. Swatek et al.

NATURE (2019)

Article Clinical Neurology

Blood NfL A biomarker for disease severity and progression in Parkinson disease

Chin-Hsien Lin et al.

NEUROLOGY (2019)

Letter Clinical Neurology

Neuronal exosomes in saliva of Parkinson's disease patients: A pilot study

Komal Rani et al.

PARKINSONISM & RELATED DISORDERS (2019)

Article Clinical Neurology

Elevated CSF GAP-43 is Alzheimer's disease specific and associated with tau and amyloid pathology

Asa Sandelius et al.

ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA (2019)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Plasma pS129-α-Synuclein Is a Surrogate Biofluid Marker of Motor Severity and Progression in Parkinson's Disease

Chin-Hsien Lin et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE (2019)

Article Oncology

Abnormal subpopulations of peripheral blood lymphocytes are involved in Parkinson's disease

Congcong Sun et al.

ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2019)

Article Geriatrics & Gerontology

Increased DJ-1 and α-Synuclein in Plasma Neural-Derived Exosomes as Potential Markers for Parkinson's Disease

Zhen-Hua Zhao et al.

FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE (2019)

Article Genetics & Heredity

Genetic risk of Parkinson disease and progression: An analysis of 13 longitudinal cohorts

Hirotaka Iwaki et al.

NEUROLOGY-GENETICS (2019)

Article Neuroimaging

Assessment of a prognostic MRI biomarker in early de novo Parkinson's disease

Yashar Zeighami et al.

NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL (2019)

Article Neurosciences

Reduced Activated T Lymphocytes (CD4+CD25+) and Plasma Levels of Cytokines in Parkinson's Disease

Natalia Pessoa Rocha et al.

MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY (2018)

Article Clinical Neurology

Interaction of amyloidogenic proteins in pancreatic β cells from subjects with synucleinopathies

Ivan Martinez-Valbuena et al.

ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA (2018)

Article Clinical Neurology

Substantia Nigra Free Water Increases Longitudinally in Parkinson Disease

T. Guttuso et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY (2018)

Article Clinical Neurology

Serotonin, beta-amyloid, and cognition in Parkinson disease

Vikas Kotagal et al.

ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY (2018)

Review Cell Biology

The genetic architecture of mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease

S. B. Larsen et al.

CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH (2018)

Article Neurosciences

Plasma Amyloid-beta (A beta(42)) Correlates with Cerebrospinal Fluid A beta(42) in Alzheimer's Disease

Charlotte E. Teunissen et al.

JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE (2018)

Article Clinical Neurology

Interleukin 6 and complement serum level study in Parkinson's disease

Branislav Vesely et al.

JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSMISSION (2018)

Article Geriatrics & Gerontology

Plasma Biomarkers Differentiate Parkinson's Disease From Atypical Parkinsonism Syndromes

Chin-Hsien Lin et al.

FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE (2018)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Skin α-synuclein deposits differ in clinical variants of synucleinopathy: an in vivo study

V. Donadio et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2018)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Reduced glucocerebrosidase activity in monocytes from patients with Parkinson's disease

Farzaneh Atashrazm et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2018)

Article Clinical Neurology

Peripheral blood inflammatory markers in early Parkinson's disease

Ryul Kim et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE (2018)

Article Clinical Neurology

α-Synuclein species as potential cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for dementia with lewy bodies

Inger van Steenoven et al.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2018)

Article Clinical Neurology

Immune Cell Activation in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients With Parkinson's Disease

Jens B. Schroeder et al.

FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY (2018)

Article Immunology

Microglial activation in Parkinson's disease using [18F]-FEPPA

Christine Ghadery et al.

JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION (2017)

Article Clinical Neurology

CSF biomarkers β-amyloid, tau proteins and a-synuclein in the differential diagnosis of Parkinson-plus syndromes

Vasilios C. Constantinides et al.

JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES (2017)

Article Clinical Neurology

Cerebrospinal Fluid β-Glucocerebrosidase Activity Is Reduced in Parkinson's Disease Patients

Lucilla Parnetti et al.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2017)

Article Geriatrics & Gerontology

Longitudinal whole-brain atrophy and ventricular enlargement in nondemented Parkinson's disease

Elijah Mak et al.

NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING (2017)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Homovanillic acid in CSF of mild stage Parkinson's disease patients correlates with motor impairment

Alessandro Stefani et al.

NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL (2017)

Article Clinical Neurology

Blood-based NfL A biomarker for differential diagnosis of parkinsonian disorder

Oskar Hansson et al.

NEUROLOGY (2017)

Article Clinical Neurology

Quantitative susceptibility mapping differentiates between parkinsonian disorders

Henrik Sjostrom et al.

PARKINSONISM & RELATED DISORDERS (2017)

Article Cell Biology

Neurofilaments and Neurofilament Proteins in Health and Disease

Aidong Yuan et al.

COLD SPRING HARBOR PERSPECTIVES IN BIOLOGY (2017)

Review Neurosciences

Glucocerebrosidase Mutations in Parkinson Disease

Grace O'Regan et al.

JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE (2017)

Article Clinical Neurology

Impaired synaptic function is linked to cognition in Parkinson's disease

Per Selnes et al.

ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL NEUROLOGY (2017)

Article Neurosciences

Elevated LRRK2 autophosphorylation in brain-derived and peripheral exosomes in LRRK2 mutation carriers

Shijie Wang et al.

ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA COMMUNICATIONS (2017)

Article Neurosciences

Synaptic proteins in CSF relate to Parkinson's disease stage markers

Erika Bereczki et al.

NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE (2017)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Amyloid beta: structure, biology and structure-based therapeutic development

Guo-fang Chen et al.

ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA (2017)

Article Clinical Neurology

Progression marker of Parkinson's disease: a 4-year multi-site imaging study

Roxana G. Burciu et al.

Article Clinical Neurology

Insulin resistance and exendin-4 treatment for multiple system atrophy

Fares Bassil et al.

Article Clinical Neurology

Specifically neuropathic Gaucher's mutations accelerate cognitive decline in Parkinson's

Ganqiang Liu et al.

ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY (2016)

Article Neurosciences

Oligomeric and phosphorylated alpha-synuclein as potential CSF biomarkers for Parkinson's disease

Nour K. Majbour et al.

MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION (2016)

Article Clinical Neurology

Ser(P)-1292 LRRK2 in urinary exosomes is elevated in idiopathic Parkinson's disease

Kyle B. Fraser et al.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2016)

Article Clinical Neurology

Motor and Nonmotor Features of Carriers of the p.A53T Alpha-Synuclein Mutation: A Longitudinal Study

Dimitra Papadimitriou et al.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2016)

Article Clinical Neurology

Serum immune markers and disease progression in an incident Parkinson's disease cohort (ICICLE-PD)

Caroline H. Williams-Gray et al.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2016)

Article Clinical Neurology

Longitudinal changes in CSF alpha-synuclein species reflect Parkinson's disease progression

Nour K. Majbour et al.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2016)

Article Clinical Neurology

Levels of IL-8 and TNF-α decrease in Parkinson's disease

Vineeta Gupta et al.

NEUROLOGICAL RESEARCH (2016)

Article Clinical Neurology

Stage-dependent loss of cortical gyrification as Parkinson disease unfolds

Nicholas W. Sterling et al.

NEUROLOGY (2016)

Article Clinical Neurology

Increased CSF neurogranin concentration is specific to Alzheimer disease

Henrietta Wellington et al.

NEUROLOGY (2016)

Article Clinical Neurology

Scan without evidence of dopaminergic deficit: A 10-year retrospective study

Nicolas Nicastro et al.

PARKINSONISM & RELATED DISORDERS (2016)

Article Clinical Neurology

Identification of a panel of five serum miRNAs as a biomarker for Parkinson's disease

Haixia Ding et al.

PARKINSONISM & RELATED DISORDERS (2016)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Cross-talk between amyloidogenic proteins in type-2 diabetes and Parkinson's disease

Istvan Horvath et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2016)

Review Neurosciences

Insulin resistance and Parkinson's disease: A new target for disease modification?

D. Athauda et al.

PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY (2016)

Article Biochemical Research Methods

CSF profiling of the human brain enriched proteome reveals associations of neuromodulin and neurogranin to Alzheimer's disease

Julia Remnestal et al.

PROTEOMICS CLINICAL APPLICATIONS (2016)

Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

How neuroinflammation contributes to neurodegeneration

Richard M. Ransohoff

SCIENCE (2016)

Article Clinical Neurology

Alpha-synuclein RT-QuIC in the CSF of patients with alpha-synucleinopathies

Graham Fairfoul et al.

ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL NEUROLOGY (2016)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Abnormal Salivary Total and Oligomeric Alpha-Synuclein in Parkinson's Disease

Giorgio Vivacqua et al.

PLOS ONE (2016)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Persistent Drug-Induced Parkinsonism in Patients with Normal Dopamine Transporter Imaging

Jin Yong Hong et al.

PLOS ONE (2016)

Article Clinical Neurology

Cerebrospinal fluid neurogranin and YKL-40 as biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease

Shorena Janelidze et al.

ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL NEUROLOGY (2016)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

(Patho-)physiological relevance of PINK1-dependent ubiquitin phosphorylation

Fabienne C. Fiesel et al.

EMBO REPORTS (2015)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Alpha-synuclein overexpression negatively regulates insulin receptor substrate 1 by activating mTORC1/S6K1 signaling

Shanshan Gao et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY & CELL BIOLOGY (2015)

Article Clinical Neurology

A panel of nine cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers may identify patients with atypical parkinsonian syndromes

N. K. Magdalinou et al.

JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY (2015)

Article Clinical Neurology

Automated Neuromelanin Imaging as a Diagnostic Biomarker for Parkinson's Disease

Gabriel Castellanos et al.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2015)

Editorial Material Geriatrics & Gerontology

Plasma amyloid β-quo vadis?

Henrik Zetterberg

NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING (2015)

Article Geriatrics & Gerontology

Increased free water in the substantia nigra of Parkinson's disease: a single-site and multi-site study

Edward Ofori et al.

NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING (2015)

Article Clinical Neurology

Neurodegenerative CSF markers in genetic and sporadic PD: Classification and prediction in a longitudinal study

Kathrin Brockmann et al.

PARKINSONISM & RELATED DISORDERS (2015)

Article Clinical Neurology

Longitudinal midbrain changes in early Parkinson's disease: Iron content estimated from R2*/MRI

Marguerite Wieler et al.

PARKINSONISM & RELATED DISORDERS (2015)

Article Clinical Neurology

Clinical Correlations With Lewy Body Pathology in LRRK2-Related Parkinson Disease

Lorraine V. Kalia et al.

JAMA NEUROLOGY (2015)

Article Neurosciences

Phosphorylated α-synuclein in Parkinson's disease: correlation depends on disease severity

Tessandra Stewart et al.

ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA COMMUNICATIONS (2015)

Article Clinical Neurology

Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging Improves the Diagnostic Accuracy of 3T Brain MRI in the Work-Up of Parkinsonism

F. J. A. Meijer et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY (2015)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Baseline C-Reactive Protein Levels and Life Prognosis in Parkinson Disease

Hideyuki Sawada et al.

PLOS ONE (2015)

Article Clinical Neurology

Identification of distinct circulating exosomes in Parkinson's disease

Paul R. Tomlinson et al.

ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL NEUROLOGY (2015)

Article Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

Imaging Brain Iron and Diffusion Patterns: A Follow-up Study of Parkinson's Disease in the Initial Stages

Maija Elina Rossi et al.

ACADEMIC RADIOLOGY (2014)

Article Clinical Neurology

Plasma exosomal α-synuclein is likely CNS-derived and increased in Parkinson's disease

Min Shi et al.

ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA (2014)

Article Clinical Neurology

Neuroimaging Biomarkers for Parkinson Disease: Facts and Fantasy

Joel S. Perlmutter et al.

ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY (2014)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Tau Protein Modifications and Interactions: Their Role in Function and Dysfunction

Anna Mietelska-Porowska et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2014)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Imaging insights into basal ganglia function, Parkinson's disease, and dystonia

A. Jon Stoessl et al.

LANCET (2014)

Review Clinical Neurology

Advancing research diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease: the IWG-2 criteria

Bruno Dubois et al.

LANCET NEUROLOGY (2014)

Article Clinical Neurology

Cerebrospinal Fluid Lysosomal Enzymes and Alpha-Synuclein in Parkinson's Disease

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MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2014)

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