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Review
Immunology
Xiaoxiao Wu et al.
Summary: The intestinal mucosa is a crucial structure for defending against pathogen infection, comprising four barriers that serve different but interconnected functions. Pathogenic bacteria have the ability to damage these barriers; however, γδT cells play a significant role in regulating and monitoring this process. Commensal bacteria are involved in the activation and migration of γδT cells to resist pathogen invasion. It has been found that the migration pattern of γδT cells is altered during pathogen invasion, leading to accelerated pathogen clearance and limited opportunistic invasion by commensal bacteria, thus maintaining intestinal health.
INTERNATIONAL REVIEWS OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Liwen Xiao et al.
Summary: The microbiome is closely associated with many diseases, serving as a biomarker and target in disease prevention and intervention. The microbiome's crucial role in pregnant women and newborns is increasingly recognized. This review focuses on the interplay and immune mechanism between the maternal and offspring microbiome during the perinatal period, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of microbial transmission and potential immune imprinting. It discusses the debated topic of in utero microbial colonization during pregnancy and emphasizes the significance of the microbiome in infant development during the first 3 years of life. This holistic view will enhance our understanding of pregnancy complications and early-life diseases, facilitating microbiome-based prenatal diagnosis and treatment of mother-infant-related diseases.
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Feng Li et al.
Summary: This study reveals that gut microbial metabolites can regulate microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and mitigate the progression of herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) by activating mitophagy. HSV-1 infection causes gut microbiota dysbiosis and hyperactivated microglia, while specific microbial metabolites can suppress HSE progression.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Richard Wheeler et al.
Summary: Peptidoglycan, the major component of bacterial cell walls, plays a crucial role in affecting physiological and behavioral changes in mammalian hosts. However, the mechanism and regulation of its translocation from the gut to host tissues have not been fully understood. This study investigated the absorption and dissemination of peptidoglycan across the intestine. The results showed that peptidoglycan has a preference for certain host organs, particularly the brain, when absorbed through the gut. The translocation of peptidoglycan is an active process regulated by the microbiota-induced parasympathetic pathway through muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Hong-Xia Fan et al.
Summary: The intestinal flora has emerged as an important factor in Parkinson's disease (PD) research, particularly the microbe-gut-brain axis. This study focused on the effects of live and heat-killed Lactobacillus murinus on dopaminergic neuronal damage in rats. It was found that heat-killed L. murinus protected against motor dysfunction and loss of substantia nigra DA neurons, while live L. murinus did not. Furthermore, heat-killed L. murinus inhibited the activation of microglial NLRP3 inflammasome and the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors, thus preventing neuroinflammation. These findings suggest that heat-killed L. murinus has potential as a neuroprotective agent for PD treatment.
BIOENGINEERING & TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Chong-Su Kim et al.
Summary: This study aimed to identify the role of gut microbiota-derived metabolites in gut-brain interactions, and found that probiotic consumption significantly altered the levels of tryptophan metabolism-related metabolites, with an increase in gut microbiota-produced IPA. The study also showed that IPA protected microglia from inflammation and promoted neuronal function. These findings suggest that IPA is a significant mediator linking the interaction between the gut and the brain.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Mengnan Huang et al.
Summary: The study aimed to explore the anti-depressant mechanisms of berberine (BBR) in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depressive rats. The results showed that BBR improved depressive behaviors in CUMS rats by modulating the gut microbiota-SCFAs-monoamine neurotransmitters/BDNF.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Giuseppe Marano et al.
Summary: There is increasing interest in the role of intestinal microbiota and autoimmune processes in psychiatric diseases. Altered communication between the microbiota-gut-brain axis may be a cause of psychiatric disorders. This review explores the evidence for the involvement of gut microbiota in psychiatric diseases and the impact of diet on microbiota and mental health. Changes in gut microbiota composition can lead to increased intestinal permeability, resulting in a cytokine storm, systemic inflammation, and immune response. These events can affect neurotransmitter release, alter the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and reduce trophic brain factors. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms connecting gut microbiota and psychiatric disorders.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ricardo Morales-Torres et al.
Summary: Psychobiotics, as modulators of the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (MGBA), have promising benefits for mental health. This clinical trial examined the effects of probiotic supplementation on wellbeing, quality of life, emotional regulation, anxiety, mindfulness, and interoceptive awareness in healthy adults. Results showed no overall effects of probiotic intake, but the interaction between high scores in Healthy Behaviors and probiotic intake was a significant predictor of positive effects on anxiety, emotional regulation, and mindfulness. This highlights the importance of controlling for lifestyle behaviors in psychobiotic and mental health research.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Tristesse C. J. Burton et al.
Summary: This exploratory analysis investigated the associations among microbial metabolites (SCFAs), inflammation markers, and diet with depression and anxiety scores in adults with comorbid obesity and depression. The findings suggest that gut microbial metabolites and systemic inflammation may serve as biomarkers linking dietary factors and mental health disorders.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jing Lu et al.
Summary: Maternal immune activation (MIA) derived from late gestational infection increases the risk of neurodevelopmental deficits in offspring. This study shows that MIA induced underdevelopment and dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in prewean mice, leading to impaired spatial learning later in life. Maternal supplementation of Limosilactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) rescued BBB development and cognitive function associated with BBB dysfunction.
Review
Immunology
Ivaylo I. Ivanov et al.
Summary: This review discusses the interactions between the immune system and microbes and places them within an algorithmic framework that explores multiple levels of microbial recognition, context-dependent interpretation, and response circuits. This is of significant importance for promoting human health.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Peijun Tian et al.
Summary: The study demonstrated that Bifidobacterium breve CCFM1025 has a promising antidepressant effect in managing major depression disorder. Compared to placebo, CCFM1025 showed better relief of depressive symptoms, possibly through changes in gut microbiome and tryptophan metabolism.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Shokufeh Ghasemian Sorboni et al.
Summary: The human microbiome, consisting of bacteria, viruses, and fungi, plays a central role in the development of the immune system, the central nervous system, and the gastrointestinal tract. Imbalance in the gut microflora is associated with neurological disorders. Microbiome-based therapies show promise in treating these disorders.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Teresa Tavares et al.
Summary: Neonatal bacterial meningitis caused by Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a severe disease associated with high mortality and neurological disability. Maternal colonization with GBS is the main risk factor for neonatal invasive disease. Despite preventive measures and improved neonatal care, the incidence and morbidity of GBS meningitis have not decreased. Many survivors suffer from complex neurological or neuropsychiatric sequelae.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Isadora Beghetti et al.
Summary: This study has revealed the relationship between early-life gut microbiota dynamics and neurodevelopment in preterm infants, suggesting that the absence of Bifidobacterium early in life may impact neurological outcomes. The findings highlight the potential role of specific bacteria in promoting optimal neurocognitive development and paving the way for microbiome-based clinical practices to improve long-term health.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Narasimha M. Beeraka et al.
Summary: In this review, the authors discuss multiple aspects of the pathophysiology of white matter injury, including glial dynamics and pharmacotherapies, as well as the recent insights into the application of MSCs in treating white matter injury.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Pediatrics
Roopali Soni et al.
Summary: This review discusses the impact of preterm birth on fetal brain development, highlighting the emergence of new preterm brain injury patterns and the importance of effective care strategies in improving neurodevelopmental outcomes for this population.
ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD-FETAL AND NEONATAL EDITION
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
David B. Healy et al.
Summary: The development of gut microbiome in preterm infants plays a crucial role in their health outcomes, with potential implications lasting into adulthood. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms and potential interventions for improving the health of preterm babies.
NATURE MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Ilia Bresesti et al.
Summary: Intriguing evidence suggests that gut microbiota composition and function have a significant impact on host health from early stages of life. Premature infants, who are at a high risk for infection, receive postnatal antibiotic treatment, and may experience feeding difficulties and neurodevelopmental disabilities, exhibit distinct characteristics in the development of their microbial communities. However, there is still much to be understood about the determinants and mechanisms behind microbiota disruption and its influence on the development of common complications in premature infants. The microbiota-gut-brain axis, which involves bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota, gut, and brain, has attracted increasing interest in its potential correlation to neurodevelopmental disorders in preterm infants.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sandra E. Juul et al.
Summary: Understanding the causes and circumstances of death in extremely preterm infants is crucial for healthcare practitioners. This study retrospectively examined a cohort of infants born between 24 and 27 weeks of gestation to determine the risk factors, causes, timing, and circumstances of death. The study found that respiratory distress or failure, pulmonary hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis, catastrophic intracranial hemorrhage, sepsis, and sudden unexplained death were the primary causes of death. The risk of death decreased over time, and preterm labor was associated with a decreased hazard of death. Clinical factors such as low birth weight, low Apgar score, sick appearance at birth, necrotizing enterocolitis, pulmonary hemorrhage, severe intracranial hemorrhage, and severe sepsis were also associated with death.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Viral G. Jain et al.
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the independent risk of chorioamnionitis for neurodevelopmental impairments in premature infants. The results showed that premature infants exposed to acute histologic chorioamnionitis had higher brain abnormality scores on magnetic resonance imaging compared to those with no or mild chorioamnionitis exposure. Magnetic resonance imaging metrics such as brain tissue volume and sulcal depth were also associated with chorioamnionitis.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Jean -Philippe Krieger et al.
Summary: Anxiety disorders are associated with altered perception of internal body state. Understanding the neuronal basis of interoception through the gastrointestinal tract can lead to novel therapies for anxiety. In rodents, vagal sensory signals from the gut regulate anxiety via the central amygdala, with GABAergic signaling playing a key role in males.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Konstantinos Karampatsas et al.
Summary: Prematurity/low birth weight and maternal colonization are major risk factors for late-onset Group B streptococcal infection. Future vaccine studies should identify the optimal time for vaccination during pregnancy to protect preterm infants.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Jonathan D. Reiss et al.
Summary: Preterm newborns are at risk of brain injury due to various factors, including intrauterine infection and acquired diseases of prematurity. System biology approaches incorporating machine learning can help to elucidate the biological mechanisms of fetal and neonatal brain injury.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Wei Quan et al.
Summary: This study examines the effects of chronic acrylamide exposure on cognitive and memory performance as well as its influence on brain morphology, oxidative damage, neuroinflammation, and brain metabolic disturbance in diabetes-induced rats.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Huidi Wang et al.
Summary: This study found a causal relationship between gut microbiota and poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI), which is likely mediated by inflammation-regulating metabolites including lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and butyrate.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Vijayasree V. Giridharan et al.
Summary: Sepsis disrupts the microbiota-gut-brain axis homeostasis and leads to cognitive impairment. Survivors of sepsis show significant decline in memory and learning. Understanding the function of glial cells and gut microbiota can provide new approaches for treating sepsis patients.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Luo Jia et al.
Summary: Intraepithelial lymphocytes expressing the gamma delta T cell receptor (gamma delta IELs) play a crucial role in defending against luminal microbes. The microbiota is necessary and sufficient for the expansion of gamma delta IELs and specific commensals can regulate their homeostasis and immune surveillance.
MUCOSAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Omar Mossad et al.
Summary: This study reveals that the gut microbiota plays a role in age-related changes in microglial gene expression and function. The absence of gut microbiota improves oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in microglia from aging brains. Additionally, the accumulation of N-6-carboxymethyllysine (CML) in microglia leads to increased reactive oxygen species and impaired mitochondrial activity and ATP reservoirs. These findings provide insights into the regulation of microglial features by the gut microbiota in aged mice and humans.
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ilana Gabanyi et al.
Summary: Gut bacteria can influence feeding behavior and body temperature control by directly sensing bacterial cell wall components through brain neurons.
Editorial Material
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Gilles Mithieux
Summary: The gut microbiota is crucial for host health as it provides energy and vitamins from undigested food. Bacterial metabolites, such as SCFAs, are metabolized by the gut mucosa. This article discusses the importance of gut microbiota composition and function in metabolic health.
TRENDS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Haider S. Manzer et al.
Summary: Bacterial infections are a major global health issue and the increase in antibiotic resistance calls for the development of alternative treatments. This study focused on the BspC adhesin in Group B Streptococcus (GBS), a leading cause of neonatal meningitis, which binds to host vimentin and promotes disease development. By identifying the vimentin binding site, it was found that compounds targeting this site effectively blocked GBS adherence to brain endothelium. These findings highlight the potential of targeting pathogen-host interactions for combating bacterial infections.
Article
Biology
Natasja Barki et al.
Summary: Volatile small molecules, including SCFAs, can act on the body in a hormone-like manner through specific GPCRs. FFA2 and FFA3 are the primary GPCR targets for SCFAs. They have distinct functions and regulate cellular activity and calcium levels through different mechanisms and signaling pathways in the gut and nervous system.
Article
Pediatrics
Guiying Cao et al.
Summary: The incidence and mortality of neonatal preterm birth have decreased globally from 1990 to 2019, but the incidence has increased in high-SDI regions and the mortality has increased in Southern Sub-Saharan Africa. Efforts to reduce the incidence and mortality of preterm births are crucial.
Review
Immunology
Jang Hyun Park et al.
Summary: gamma delta T cells, expressing gamma delta T cell receptor instead of alpha beta T cell receptor, play critical roles in multiple physiological systems and diseases. They are preferentially located at mucosal surfaces, such as the gut, and can also be found in the meninges in the central nervous system. Recent findings suggest their importance in brain function, homeostasis, and regulating inflammatory responses, particularly in neurodegenerative diseases.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Jose M. Lemme-Dumit et al.
Summary: This study investigated the fecal cytokine profile and gut microbiota in preterm neonates, and found that both immunological and microbiological factors play a critical role in the early development of intestinal barrier.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Weiping Xiao et al.
Summary: This study demonstrates that modulating the gut microbiome via fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) can improve cognitive impairment and depressive-like behaviors caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. FMT increases the level of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), promotes gut function, and improves cognitive performance. Long-term SCFA supplementation also reduces inflammation and hippocampal neuronal apoptosis.
Article
Microbiology
Heng Fang et al.
Summary: The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the development of sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). The disruption of gut microbiota is more severe in SAE-susceptible mice compared to SAE-resistant mice. Microbially derived compound, indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), is found to be enriched in SAE-resistant mice and can alleviate SAE symptoms. The protective effect of IPA may be mediated through the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1 beta secretion in microglia.
Article
Immunology
Elva Bonifacio Andrade et al.
Summary: This study found that using GBS GAPDH as a maternal vaccine candidate may result in abnormal development of the offspring's intestinal and immune systems, as well as behavioral abnormalities later in life.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yanjun Shi et al.
Summary: This study reveals a genetic role of the gut in synaptic development and identifies a novel contribution of the gut-brain axis.
Article
Microbiology
Theresa L. Montgomery et al.
Summary: The study found that gut commensal, such as the potential probiotic species Lactobacillus reuteri, can unexpectedly enhance autoimmunity through tryptophan metabolism, leading to broad shifts in the metabolome and immunological repertoire.
Review
Neurosciences
Emily Connell et al.
Summary: The increasing prevalence of age-related cognitive decline and dementia is a consequence of our ageing global population. The microbiota-gut-brain axis, a dynamic bidirectional communication system between the gut, its microbiome, and the central nervous system, may play a role in cognitive health and disease. Microbial-derived metabolites have been identified as potential risk factors for cognitive decline, impacting cognition through cytotoxic metabolite production, neuroinflammation, and other mechanisms.
MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION
(2022)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Hany Ahmed et al.
Summary: Alterations in gut microbiota composition have been linked to various neurological disorders, and the gut-brain axis plays a crucial role in this communication. While the specific mechanisms are not fully understood, existing data suggests that metabolites from gut microbiota may be key factors in the gut-brain axis communication. Further research is needed to understand the molecular mechanisms and explore intervention approaches for prevention and treatment of neurological disorders.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Guoqiang Liu et al.
Summary: Accumulating evidence suggests that gut microbiota plays a critical role in human health as a mediator of the gut-brain axis. Altered gut microbial profiles have been linked to increased vulnerability to psychiatric disorders, such as autism, depression, and schizophrenia. However, the specific cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this association remain unknown.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Morgane Modoux et al.
Summary: This study investigated the effect of gut microbiota-derived metabolites on the activation of AhR. It was found that short-chain fatty acids, specifically butyrate, enhance AhR activity without binding to the receptor. Butyrate acts directly on the promoter of AhR target genes through iHDAC activity, reshaping chromatin. These findings provide novel insights into the complex regulation of AhR activation by gut microbiota-derived metabolites.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Feng Li et al.
Summary: This study found that HSE mice exhibited dysbiosis of gut microbiota and altered metabolite configuration. The activation of microglia played an important role in HSE. Depletion of gut microbiota by antibiotic treatment triggered hyper-activation of microglia, leading to increased inflammatory immune response and viral burden. Exogenous administration of NAMO, a microbial metabolite, reduced microglia-mediated proinflammatory response and limited HSV-1 infection. NAMO was mainly generated by neomycin-sensitive bacteria.
Article
Microbiology
Heng Fang et al.
Summary: The role of gut microbiota in sepsis is gaining attention, and developing safe and effective therapies targeting intestinal microorganisms is promising. This study found that the microbiota metabolite indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) improved sepsis-induced mortality by modulating the gut microbiota. Although IPA did not increase microbiota abundance and diversity, it significantly decreased the number of Enterobacteriaceae family. These findings suggest that specific microbiota metabolites, such as IPA, could be used as a potential option for regulating sepsis-induced gut dysbiosis.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Zhenzhen Yan et al.
Summary: Neuroinflammation caused by gut microbiota disorder and its metabolites is involved in the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). This study found that a high BCAA diet intervention could attenuate inflammation levels, improve motor and non-motor dysfunctions, and protect dopaminergic neurons in a PD mouse model.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Gabriela Ribeiro et al.
Summary: Diet plays a crucial role in the communication between microbiota-gut-brain axis, impacting brain health and behavior. Emerging evidence suggests that microbiome-targeted dietary approaches have the potential to improve brain disorders through modulation of pathways. This field has the potential to revolutionize clinical nutrition practice, offering new possibilities for preventing and treating mental health problems.
CURRENT OPINION IN CLINICAL NUTRITION AND METABOLIC CARE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Xiang Lu et al.
Summary: The study found a correlation between cognitive impairment in preterm infants and changes in intestinal microflora and short chain fatty acid levels. This correlation was associated with significant changes in microbiota-gut-brain axis-related soluble factors.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Victoria Rea et al.
Summary: This study suggests that metabolites produced by the gut microbiota play a crucial role in regulating critical signaling pathways in the brain, especially during neural development.
Article
Microbiology
Paola Bianchimano et al.
Summary: The study found that the antibiotic vancomycin can improve the disease in the mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) by modulating the gut microbiota. Meanwhile, the elevated levels of the gut microbiota strain Anaerotruncus colihominis may be associated with recovery in multiple sclerosis patients.
Article
Microbiology
Yuanyuan Ma et al.
Summary: The gut microbiota plays a critical role in mediating the development of colitis and anxiety-like behaviors. Lack of ER beta leads to changes in the gut microbiota composition, exacerbating colitis and anxiety-like behaviors. Remodeling of the gut microbiota can inhibit the development of colitis and anxiety-like behaviors.
Article
Microbiology
Sabine Kienesberger et al.
Summary: The enterotoxin tilimycin produced by gut-resident Klebsiella species can alter gut microbiota composition, induce mutational evolution and drive the emergence of antibiotic resistance in mice. Tilimycin reduces the microbial richness in the gut, promotes mutations in opportunistic pathogens, and contributes to the development of antibiotic resistance.
NATURE MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Camille Martin-Gallausiaux et al.
Summary: This article discusses the mechanisms and impact of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) on gut functions, host immunity, and human health. SCFA, derived from bacterial fermentation of dietary fibers, serve as important fuels for intestinal epithelial cells and modulate various functions to impact intestinal homeostasis.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NUTRITION SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Peijia Lin et al.
Summary: The study identified an increase in Klebsiella pneumoniae in the gut of epilepsy patients, impacting seizure susceptibility and activating microglial cells to release inflammatory factors. The inflammatory response of microglial cells plays a protective role against seizure susceptibility caused by an increased abundance of Klebsiella pneumoniae.
CELL DEATH DISCOVERY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Ciara E. Keogh et al.
Summary: Research suggests that neonatal antibiotic use may lead to gut dysbiosis, affecting myelination, behavior, and cognitive function in the long term.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Andreia Barroso et al.
Summary: The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) was originally identified as the receptor for dioxin and is now known to be a receptor for multiple physiological ligands, playing crucial roles in health and disease. AHR has been found to play a role in the gut-brain axis and could hold potential as a therapeutic target for immune-mediated diseases.
CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Kara G. Margolis et al.
Summary: The gut-brain axis is crucial in maintaining homeostasis, with the microbiome playing a significant role in modulating signaling along this axis. This axis impacts disorders like irritable bowel syndrome and mood disorders, with serotonin being a key neurotransmitter involved in these conditions. More research is needed before these findings can be applied for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in patient populations.
Article
Cell Biology
Qinjie Zhou et al.
Summary: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) can lead to acute intestinal necrosis in premature infants and severe neurological impairment. The activation of toll-like receptor 4 in the intestinal epithelium is associated with NEC-related brain injury, which may be induced by gut-derived IFN-gamma-releasing CD4(+) T cells. Early intervention to manage intestinal inflammation in children with NEC could potentially improve neurological outcomes.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Ronald A. Glabonjat et al.
Summary: A fast and reliable method for quantifying bacterial enterotoxins tilimycin and tilivalline in complex biological matrices was developed in this study. By optimizing sample preparation and applying high resolution mass spectrometry, the method overcame the disadvantages and achieved high sensitivity and low matrix interference.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Laura Moschino et al.
Summary: NEC, a serious gastrointestinal disease in neonates, leads to SBS and requires early prevention. Nutritional practices are crucial for preventing NEC and supporting growth and intestinal function in preterm infants.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jordan T. Russell et al.
Summary: The use of antibiotics in neonates can affect the gut microbiome diversity, while different types of nutrition shape the early infant gut microbiome. The study discovered an association between Veillonella and the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Nannan Sun et al.
Summary: The interaction between intestinal bacteria and the central nervous system, known as the gut-brain axis, plays a critical role in maintaining brain homeostasis. Depletion of gut microbiota led to increased blood-brain barrier permeability and migration of bone marrow-derived cells to specific brain regions involved in emotional behavior regulation.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Xiaoning Liu et al.
Summary: Maternal obesity has been found to be associated with lower cognition and sociality in children. The study demonstrated a causal relationship between microbiota and behavioral changes, and showed that microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids can alleviate behavioral deficits in offspring of obese dams. High dietary fiber intake may be a promising intervention for maternal obesity-induced cognitive and social dysfunctions.
Article
Immunology
Sofia El Manouni El Hassani et al.
Summary: The study revealed that changes in intestinal microbiota composition occur before the onset of late-onset sepsis (LOS) in preterm infants, allowing for the identification of causative bacteria isolated later in blood culture. Predicting the onset of LOS has the potential to serve as an early noninvasive biomarker.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Kaiyu Xu et al.
Summary: Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, and neuroprotective approaches have been unsuccessful in clinical trials. This study reveals a reciprocal relationship between stroke and gut dysbiosis, with acute ischemic stroke triggering dysbiosis of the gut microbiome, exacerbating brain infarction. Administering certain treatments was able to alleviate post-stroke brain infarction, illustrating the translational value of the brain-gut axis in stroke treatment.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nathanael Yates et al.
Summary: Preterm birth is associated with a high risk of morbidity and mortality, especially brain damage and cerebral palsy. Current treatment options are limited, with magnesium sulfate showing some reduction in risk but no significant long-term improvement. Promising neuroprotective treatments from preclinical studies include therapeutic hypothermia, melatonin, and vitamin D supplementation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Romain Deshayes de Cambronne et al.
Summary: CC17-GBS utilizes integrins to cross brain vessels, leading to meningitis, with hosts being more susceptible during infancy. Blocking these integrins reduces the ability of CC17-GBS to invade the central nervous system.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Marcelo Gomes Granja et al.
Summary: The study showed that gestational sepsis can induce inflammation in the brains of neonatal mice, affecting neurodevelopment and leading to behavioral and cognitive impairments. Maternal sepsis may be causatively related to depression, learning, and memory impairments in the offspring.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Fangxinxing Zhu et al.
Summary: The study showed that NLRP3 inflammasome activation plays a role in the intestinal and brain injury in NEC, and the use of NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 can effectively protect NEC mice from inflammation in the intestine and brain, reducing the risk of long-term cognitive impairment.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2021)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Michael G. Constantinides et al.
Summary: Unconventional T cells, such as iNKT, MAIT, and γδ T cells, are restricted by MHC-Ib molecules and seeded in tissues during development. Early instructive signals from the microbiota determine the lifelong regulation of tissue immunity by these cells, which compete for niches within tissues and act as a network with overlapping functions.
Article
Neurosciences
Sadia Ahmed et al.
Summary: Abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex and white matter are key in many neurodevelopmental disorders, with recent focus on the influence of microorganisms on brain development. Research shows that microbiota plays a critical role in promoting white matter myelination during early life, affecting vulnerability to environmental insults leading to disabilities later in life.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Chien-Chung Lee et al.
Summary: The gut microbiota composition of preterm infants is similar to healthy full-term infants at birth but evolves into dysbiosis with an increase in Proteobacteria and decrease in Firmicutes weeks later. 40% of preterm infants with sepsis have pathogenic bacteria in the gut before or at the onset of sepsis, leading to potential horizontal spread and persistence.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Yue-feng Li et al.
Summary: The study found that although the composition and diversity of meconium microbiota in neonates were similar between the GBS group and healthy controls, there were specific taxa that were differentially abundant between the two groups. In particular, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus paracasei was significantly reduced in the GBS group, indicating a potential role in GBS colonization. This suggests initial intestinal microbiota dysbiosis in neonates with mother's GBS colonization.
Article
Immunology
Qing Liu et al.
Summary: The study demonstrated that prebiotic mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) significantly improved cognitive function and mental symptoms, reduced anxiety and obsessive behaviors, and enhanced neuroprotection in the 5xFAD transgenic AD mice model. MOS treatment also balanced brain oxidative status, suppressed neuroinflammatory responses, alleviated HPA-axis disorders, and prevented gut barrier damage.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Zinni Manuela et al.
Summary: Prematurity is a major cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity, with preterm infants at high risk of developing respiratory problems and other morbidities. Perinatal glucocorticosteroids, commonly used for prevention and treatment, have shown short-term benefits but may also be associated with abnormal brain development in infants born preterm. Neuroinflammation, particularly the role of microglia, has emerged as a significant factor for brain injury in preterm infants.
CURRENT NEUROPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Lesley Hoyles et al.
Summary: The study shows that methylamine substances can directly affect the integrity of the blood-brain barrier in mammals by improving its function through regulation of tight junction proteins. Long-term exposure to trimethylamine N-oxide helps protect cognitive function, reducing astrocyte and microglial reactivity in specific brain regions.
Article
Microbiology
Hongli Shi et al.
Summary: The study indicates that a diet lacking in fiber may lead to cognitive impairment, predominantly through altering the gut microbiota-hippocampal axis. These findings are crucial in highlighting the adverse effects of dietary fiber deficiency on brain function.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bente Winkler et al.
Summary: The study reveals that macrophages can enter the brain during infections and autoimmune diseases, participating in pathogen elimination but also potentially causing tissue damage. Through a Drosophila model, it was found that the immune deficiency pathway plays a role in attracting and invading macrophages into the brain.
Review
Microbiology
Van A. Ortega et al.
Summary: This article discusses the biological and neuroendocrine networks regulating stress response, as well as the impact of gut microbiota on early-life development that may predispose individuals to various diseases later in life. Animal models have confirmed the influence of gut microbiota on HPA axis activity, stress reactivity, and brain development.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
David Seki et al.
Summary: The study found that premature infants with severe brain damage had suppressed maturation of electrocortical activity, elevated levels of gamma delta T cells, increased secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor by T cells, and reduced secretion of neuroprotectants. Klebsiella overgrowth in the gut was highly predictive of brain damage and associated with a pro-inflammatory immunological tone. These findings suggest that aberrant development of the gut-microbiota-immune-brain axis may drive or exacerbate brain injury in extremely premature neonates and could be a potential target for novel intervention strategies.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chun Chen et al.
Summary: Inflammation activates C/EBP beta/delta-secretase and initiates AD-associated pathologies in the gut, which then spread to the brain via the vagus nerve. Inhibition of this signaling pathway may attenuate AD-like pathologies in both the gut and the brain, restoring cognitive function. This study suggests a potential therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease by targeting the gut-brain axis.
Article
Immunology
Long Lu et al.
Summary: The study found that Vγ4 T cells play a crucial role in ischemic brain tissue damage by providing an early source of IL-17A in stroke. Additionally, CCL20 and IL-1β/IL-23 are deeply involved in amplifying inflammatory responses in the brain tissue.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wei-Li Wu et al.
Summary: The study demonstrates that microbiome modulates neuronal activity in specific brain regions of male mice to regulate stress responses and social behaviors. Social deviations in germ-free or antibiotic-treated mice are associated with elevated corticosterone levels, primarily produced by activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.
Article
Neurosciences
Jenkang Tao et al.
Summary: The study revealed seven molecularly distinct subtypes of motor neurons within the vagus nerve, with two of them exclusively innervating the glandular domain of the stomach and contacting enteric neurons releasing functionally opposing neurotransmitters. This discovery demonstrates a division of labor within the parasympathetic nervous system to control autonomic function.
Article
Neurosciences
Yunpeng Liu et al.
Summary: The study investigated the impact of subdiaphragmatic vagotomy on the anxiolytic effects of L.rhamnosus and found that the vagus nerve plays a crucial role in modulating immune changes associated with this effect. Vagotomy prevented the anxiolytic effects, immune cell increase, and altered microglia activation in the hippocampus, highlighting the importance of vagal signaling in the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Tongtong Ge et al.
Summary: Increasing evidence suggests that dysbiosis of gut microbiota may be involved in the physiological mechanisms of neuropsychiatric disorders, but the exact pathways are still unclear. The complex crosstalk between neuroendocrine and immunological regulation may underlie the mechanisms by which gut microbiota are associated with neuropsychiatric disorders.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Louise Dupraz et al.
Summary: The gut microbiota represses IL-17 production by gamma delta T cells through the production of metabolites, particularly propionate.
Article
Cell Biology
Laetitia Travier et al.
Summary: Neonates are more susceptible to Group B streptococcus meningitis due to the immature intestinal microbiota and age-dependent but microbiota-independent Wnt activity, leading to bacterial colonization and neuroinvasion. Interventions aimed at maturing the microbiota may help prevent neonatal meningitis.
Review
Microbiology
Pedro H. Papotto et al.
Summary: The interactions between microbiota and gamma delta T cells impact tissue homeostasis and disease pathology, with microbiota-induced IL-17-producing gamma delta T cells playing a role in various immunological processes. However, the reciprocal interactions between gamma delta T cells and microbiota remain to be fully elucidated.
NATURE MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Kaitlyn Oliphant et al.
Summary: The study investigated the association between gut microbiome succession and head circumference growth in preterm infants, finding that depletion of Bacteroidota and Lachnospiraceae was associated with suboptimal neurodevelopment. Early integration of these core taxa is crucial for optimal neurodevelopment.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Michael D. Gershon et al.
Summary: Modern research has uncovered the complexities of gastrointestinal behavior, where the gut communicates bidirectionally with the brain and senses the environment within itself, while the microbiome within the gut also plays a significant role in this process. The microbiota-gut-brain connectome has emerged as a key aspect of this tripartite interaction, highlighting the roles of serotonin, Toll-like receptors, and macrophages in signaling.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mingbang Wang et al.
Summary: This study utilized VFGM genes and IgA levels for a machine learning-based classification of ASD, finding that VFGM gene composition was associated with ASD phenotype and gene diversity was higher in children with ASD. The classification method using VFGM genes offers a novel early risk identification method for ASD, independent of sex and gastrointestinal symptoms.
COMPUTATIONAL AND STRUCTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
(2021)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Miriam Aguilar-Lopez et al.
Summary: Factors such as postnatal age, mode of delivery, antibiotic use, and human milk consumption have been found to have an impact on the gut microbiota of preterm infants. Limited evidence exists for associations with race, sex, use of different fortifiers, macronutrients, and other medications. Further studies with rich metadata are needed to explore the impact of the preterm exposome on microbiota development in this high-risk population.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Radka Roubalova et al.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Liu L. Yang et al.
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
(2020)
Article
Neurosciences
Rebecca Sadler et al.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2020)
Review
Pediatrics
Ian H. Jones et al.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2020)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jon D. Laman et al.
TRENDS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2020)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Beita Zhao et al.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2020)
Article
Pediatrics
Vivien Yap et al.
SEMINARS IN FETAL & NEONATAL MEDICINE
(2020)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Cathelijne Heymans et al.
Review
Immunology
Monica Cappelletti et al.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Heather Hulme et al.
Review
Neurosciences
Chuyue D. Yu et al.
CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROBIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Evan M. Alexander et al.
ACS INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2020)
Review
Immunology
Eduardo Villamor-Martinez et al.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Nam Su Oh et al.
Review
Immunology
Alexander Humberg et al.
SEMINARS IN IMMUNOPATHOLOGY
(2020)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ayoze Gonzalez-Santana et al.
TRENDS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2020)
Review
Neurosciences
Brittany D. Needham et al.
NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE
(2020)
Article
Pediatrics
Claire Howarth et al.
Article
Microbiology
Anaamika Campeau et al.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Jiaming Liu et al.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Billel Benmimoun et al.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2020)
Article
Immunology
Anne-Katrin Probstel et al.
SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY
(2020)
Review
Immunology
Maria Papadopoulou et al.
IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zachary Fitzpatrick et al.
Article
Neurosciences
Christopher D. Smyser et al.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jun-Xi Pan et al.
JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2019)
Review
Physiology
Frank van Bel et al.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Peng Zheng et al.
Article
Immunology
George Biouss et al.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2019)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Boushra Dalile et al.
NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2019)
Review
Immunology
Jannie G. E. Henderickx et al.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Immunology
Emma Murray et al.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2019)
Article
Neurosciences
Sangjune Kim et al.
Article
Immunology
Miguel Ribeiro et al.
SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Cell Biology
Renqiang Yu et al.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Neurosciences
Martina Sgritta et al.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Joanne E. Sordillo et al.
Article
Pediatrics
Hendrik J. Niemarkt et al.
Review
Immunology
J. J. Worthington et al.
MUCOSAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2018)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Joshua P. Vogel et al.
BEST PRACTICE & RESEARCH CLINICAL OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY
(2018)
Article
Immunology
Matthew G. Frank et al.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2018)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Margie A. Ream et al.
CURRENT NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE REPORTS
(2018)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sofia Cussotto et al.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2018)
Article
Immunology
Yin Pang et al.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2018)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Aitak Farzi et al.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mari L. Lund et al.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2018)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Melanie Maya Kaelberer et al.
Article
Cell Biology
Diego F. Nino et al.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2018)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jay Vornhagen et al.
TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2017)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Stephen A. Back
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA
(2017)
Article
Immunology
Melissa H. Bloodworth et al.
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
(2016)
Review
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Chong Jai Kim et al.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
(2015)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Tobias Strunk et al.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2014)