The promising roles of exosomal microRNAs in osteosarcoma: A new insight into the clinical therapy

Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone sarcoma in children. Chemotherapy drugs resistance significantly hinders the overall survival of patients. Due to high biocompatibility and immunocompatibility, exosomes have been explored extensively. Multiple parent cells can actively secrete numerous exosomes, and the membrane structure of exosomes can protect miRNAs from degradation. Based on these characteristics, exosomal miRNAs play an important role in the occurrence, development, drug resistance. Therefore, in-depth exploration of exosome biogenesis and role of exosomal miRNAs will provide new strategies and targets for understanding the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma and overcoming chemotherapy drug resistance. Moreover, advancing evi-dences have showed that engineering modification could attribute stronger targeting to exosomes to deliver cargos to recipient cells more effectively. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms of exosomal miRNAs on the occurrence and development of osteosarcoma and the potential to function as tumor biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis prediction. In addition, we also summarize recent advances in the clinical application values of engineering exosomes to provide novel ideas and directions for overcoming the chemotherapy resistance in osteosarcoma.

Automated summary

Osteosarcoma, the most common malignant bone sarcoma in children, is hindered by chemotherapy drugs resistance. Exosomal miRNAs play an important role in the occurrence, development, and drug resistance of osteosarcoma. Exploration of exosome biogenesis and role of exosomal miRNAs provides new strategies and targets for understanding the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma and overcoming drug resistance. Engineering modification of exosomes enhances their targeting ability, making them more effective in delivering cargos to recipient cells. This review focuses on the mechanisms of exosomal miRNAs in osteosarcoma and their potential as tumor biomarkers, as well as recent advances in the clinical application of engineering exosomes to overcome chemotherapy resistance.