Clinical value of placental examination for paediatricians

The placenta contains valuable clinical information that is linked to fetal development, neonatal morbidity and mortality, and future health outcomes. Both gross inspection and histopathological examination of the placenta may identify intrinsic or secondary placental lesions, which can contribute directly to adverse neonatal outcomes or indicate the presence of an unfavourable intrauterine environment. Placental examination therefore forms an essential component of the care of high-risk neonates and at perinatal post-mortem examination. In this article, we describe the clinical value of placental examination for paediatricians and perinatal clinicians. We discuss common pathological findings on general inspection of the placenta with photographic examples and provide an overview of the placental pathological examination, including how to interpret key findings. We also address the medico-legal and financial implications of placental examinations and describe current and future clinical considerations for clinicians in regard to placental examination.

Automated summary

Placental examination is of great importance as it provides valuable clinical information related to fetal development, neonatal morbidity and mortality, and future health outcomes. The examination can identify intrinsic or secondary placental lesions that are directly associated with adverse neonatal outcomes or indicate an unfavorable intrauterine environment. This article describes the clinical value of placental examination, common pathological findings, how to interpret key findings, as well as the medico-legal and financial implications and current and future clinical considerations.