Nanomaterials-based treatment against white spot syndrome virus of penaeid shrimp

Shrimp aquaculture is the fastest-growing animal food-producing sector in the world due to its high demand in developed countries. The white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), a double-stranded virus, is primarily associated with high mortalities in the shrimp population, causing an imbalance in the aquaculture industry. Nanotechnology is advantageous due to its high surface area to volume ratio, targeted drug load and alteration of the charge of nanoparticle surface area, and prevention of adverse effects associated with commercial drug treatment. This review discusses the antiviral activity of chitosan triphosphate (CS/TPP)-coated nanoparticles encapsulating WSSV Viral protein 28 (VP28), innate immunity stimulation using polyamine-coated carbon quantum dots, and the investigation of silver nanoparticle designed Argovit-4 with or without PVP responsible for inhibiting viral activity. Nanotechnology-driven techniques have improved the stability of RNA-induced vaccines, paving the way for an effective cure for white spot syndrome.

Automated summary

Shrimp aquaculture is booming because of high demand in developed countries, but the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is causing massive mortality in shrimp population. Nanotechnology provides advantages in targeted drug delivery, altering charge of nanoparticles, and minimizing adverse effects. This review discusses antiviral activity of CS/TPP-coated nanoparticles encapsulating WSSV VP28, stimulation of innate immunity using polyamine-coated carbon quantum dots, and investigation of silver nanoparticles in inhibiting viral activity for effective cure of white spot syndrome.