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Article
Thermodynamics
Ziyao Liu et al.
Summary: Space sub-Kelvin refrigeration technology is essential for deep space exploration missions, and the dilution refrigerator (DR) is commonly used in space missions. The 3He Joule-Thomson (JT) cryocooler is chosen for precooling the space DR due to its stability and vibration-free environment. A hybrid 3He JT cryocooler is successfully designed, fabricated, and tested for the CCDR, achieving a noload temperature of 1.40 K and a cooling power of 3.75 mW at 1.54 K with low temperature fluctuation.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Younes Amini et al.
Summary: This study analyzed the flow behavior of liquid-liquid extraction in a serpentine microchannel. A 3D model was used for simulation and the results matched experimental data. The effects of chloroform and water flow on the model were examined. The findings showed that at low and similar flow rates of both phases, a slug flow pattern was observed. However, as the overall flow rate increased, the pattern transformed into parallel plug flow or droplet flow. A higher water flow rate with a constant organic phase flow rate led to a transition from slug flow to droplet flow or plug flow. The study provides valuable insights into two-phase flow patterns in serpentine microfluidic devices and demonstrates the applicability of CFD simulation in investigating fluid behavior.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Andrew J. Fix et al.
Summary: Vacuum membrane air dehumidification is an efficient technique, and this study evaluates the performance of the Active Membrane Energy Exchanger (AMX) concept compared to isothermal membrane dehumidification. The study finds that using dense membranes at cooler temperatures increases water vapor permeance by up to 40%, and the prototype system shows up to a 6% increase in humidity removal when the air is cooled simultaneously. Additionally, the integration of heat exchange tubes in the membrane module leads to a 4-8% increase in humidity removal.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
C. R. Lawson et al.
Summary: The invention of the He-3/He-4 dilution refrigerator has greatly advanced experimental ultra-low temperature physics. Dilution refrigerators are crucial for creating ultra-low temperature environments for various experiments. The development of dilution refrigeration technology relies on a thorough understanding of the quantum mechanical processes in liquid helium at ultra-low temperatures. In this study, the researchers used neutron radiography to directly observe the operational dilution refrigerator, providing important insights into its behavior and failure modes. This method has the potential to significantly contribute to the research and development of advanced dilution refrigerators.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
K. Malleswararao et al.
Summary: This paper investigates the application of metal hydrides in thermal energy storage and hydrogen storage. A low temperature hydride, La0.75Ce0.25Ni5, is experimentally studied for its hydrogen storage capacity and thermal energy storage capacity. The heat and mass transfer characteristics of a novel reactor design are also investigated.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
J. Zhang et al.
Summary: A novel high-brightness atomic beam comprised of a two-body exotic atom called muonium (M = mu(+) + e(-)) is being developed for atomic physics and gravitational interaction measurements. The use of silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) at ultra-low temperatures in superfluid helium targets for detection is demonstrated. Single photon detection with SiPMs below 0.85 K is shown to be feasible. Additionally, segmented scintillation detectors have been developed.
JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Zhongqing Ji et al.
Summary: Low temperature environments are crucial for studies in condensed matter physics and quantum technologies. Dilution refrigeration is the most reliable method to create and maintain ultra-low temperatures. Cryogen-free dilution refrigerators have become the main alternative to traditional systems.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Alexey Maslakov et al.
Summary: This paper discusses the stability of ice cellars as underground storage facilities for preserving food, which are affected by warming and degradation of permafrost. By monitoring and modeling the thermal regime of permafrost around the ice cellars, the impact of climate change and engineering solutions can be assessed. The study found that by 2050, the depth of seasonal thawing of the soil above the storage facility will increase, while the mean annual ground temperature will only show a slight increase.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Amin Riazi et al.
Summary: The study reported the interaction between groundwater and surface water sources using a numerical model based on Fick's second law, showing that pressure head variations in confined aquifers will be the same at considerable distances regardless of the sequence of diffusion coefficients. Furthermore, the significant difference in pressure head variations between gradual and sudden increase in stream water levels disappeared over time, making the variations negligible.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xiaotong Xi et al.
Summary: Helium sorption coolers are a commonly used sub-Kelvin refrigeration technology, with the adsorption characteristics of the porous material having a crucial impact on their performance at low temperatures. This study compared the adsorption characteristics of helium-3 and helium-4, and analyzed their effects on the efficiency and self-cooling loss of the sorption cooler. The results showed that factors such as adsorbed helium in the sorption pump and dead volume gas play a significant role in the condensation efficiency of the sorption coolers.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
Haishan Cao
Summary: This study presents various methods for achieving temperatures below 1 K and evaluates their pros and cons. It summarizes the advances in operating temperature ranges and cooling capacities of each method while discussing the challenges and key points for improving their performance.
JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Taner Esat et al.
Summary: The ultra-high vacuum scanning tunneling microscope (STM) utilizes adiabatic demagnetization for temperature control to achieve accurate operation at extremely low temperatures, offering long experiment times with high magnetic field capabilities. The setup also features a vibrationally isolated laboratory and a custom-built cryopump for mechanical stability during STM measurements on an Al(100) surface.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Julian G. Sereni
PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE
(2020)
Proceedings Paper
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
D. N. H. Pg Sulaiman et al.
5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY (ICCEIB 2020)
(2020)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Younes Amini et al.
SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Biswajit S. De et al.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH & DESIGN
(2018)
Review
Thermodynamics
Kurt Uhlig
Article
Thermodynamics
Jedidiah Pradhan et al.
Article
Thermodynamics
MJ Devlin et al.
