Alizarin-loaded hydroxyapatite containing SnO2 nanoparticles for efficient dye removal and biofilm inhibitory properties

The removal of hazardous dyes from wastewater is an important aspect of environmental remediation, and microbial biofilm formation is a serious medical problem that can jeopardize treatments targeting drug-resistant microbes. We fabricated alizarin-loaded hydroxyapatite nanorods containing SnO2 (Ali-HAp-SnO2) nano-composite (NCs) using a simple wet impregnation technique to improve the stability and prolong the release profile of antibiofilm agent alizarin. The structure and morphology of prepared nanoparticles were characterized using various analytical techniques, and their dye adsorbent and antibiofilm properties against Staphylococcus aureus were studied. Ali-HAp-SnO2 NCs effectively removed Congo red (CR, 97.54%) from aqueous media and inhibited S. aureus biofilm formation (86.4%). The Elovich kinetic model and Langmuir adsorption isotherm provided best fits for the adsorption kinetics of Ali-HAp and Ali-HAp-SnO2, respectively. The alizarin loaded HAp-SnO2 nanocomposite displayed sustained and prolonged alizarin release, which was effective in inhibiting S. aureus biofilm formation. Therefore, the Ali-HAp-SnO2 nanocomposite exhibited consistent antibiofilm activity as well as dye removal capacity.

Automated summary

In this study, alizarin-loaded hydroxyapatite nanorods containing SnO2 (Ali-HAp-SnO2) nano-composite was fabricated to enhance the stability and release profile of the antibiofilm agent alizarin. The Ali-HAp-SnO2 nano-composite effectively removed Congo red (CR) and inhibited Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation. The results indicate that the Ali-HAp-SnO2 nano-composite has significant antibiofilm activity and dye removal capacity.