期刊
MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
卷 100, 期 3, 页码 487-+出版社
W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2016.01.002
关键词
Kidney transplant; Allograft rejection; Allograft failure; Diagnostic evaluation
Allograft dysfunction after a kidney transplant is often clinically asymptomatic and is usually detected as an increase in serum creatinine level with corresponding decrease in glomerular filtration rate. The diagnostic evaluation may include blood tests, urinalysis, transplant ultrasonography, radionuclide imaging, and allograft biopsy. Whether it occurs early or later after transplant, allograft dysfunction requires prompt evaluation to determine its cause and subsequent management. Acute rejection, medication toxicity from calcineurin inhibitors, and BK virus nephropathy can occur early or later. Other later causes include transplant glomerulopathy, recurrent glomerulonephritis, and renal artery stenosis.
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