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N-(4-Aminobutyl)-N-ethylisopropanol and Co2+ Dual-Functionalized Core-Shell Fe3O4@Au/Ag Magnetic Nanomaterials with Strong and Stable Chemiluminescence for a Label-Free Exosome Immunosensor

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ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
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AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03135

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A novel magnetic nanomaterial, Fe3O4@Au/Ag/ABEI/Co2+, with strong and stable chemiluminescence (CL) emission was synthesized. A label-free CL immunosensor for exosome detection was established based on this nanomaterial, exhibiting excellent analytical performance. The immunosensor has the potential for early cancer diagnosis.
Recently, magnetic beads (MBs) are moving toward chemiluminescence(CL) functional magnetic nanomaterials with a great potential forconstructing label-free immunosensors. However, most of the CL-functionalizedMBs suffer from scarce binding sites, easy aggregation, and leakageof CL reagents, which will ultimately affect the analytical performanceof immunosensors. Herein, by using core-shell Fe3O4@Au/Ag magnetic nanomaterials as a nanoplatform, a novel N-(4-aminobutyl)-N-ethylisopropanol (ABEI)and Co2+ dual-functionalized magnetic nanomaterial, namely,Fe3O4@Au/Ag/ABEI/Co2+, with strongand stable CL emission was successfully synthesized. Its CL intensitywas 36 and 3.5 times higher than that of MB@ABEI-Au/Co2+ and ABEI and Co2+ dual-functionalized chemiluminescentMBs previously reported by our group, respectively. It was found thatthe excellent CL performance of Fe3O4@Au/Ag/ABEI/Co2+ could be attributed to the enrichment effect of the Au/Agshell and the synergistic enhance effect of the Au/Ag shell and Co2+. A related CL mechanism has been proposed. Afterward, basedon the intense and stable CL emission of Fe3O4@Au/Ag/ABEI/Co2+, a sensitive and effective label-freeCL immunosensor for exosome detection was established. It exhibitedexcellent analytical performance with a wide detection range of 3.1x 10(3) to 3.1 x 10(8) particles/mL anda low detection limit of 2.1 x 10(3) particles/mL, whichwere better than the vast majority of the reported CL immunosensors.Moreover, the proposed label-free CL immunosensor was successfullyused to detect exosomes in human serum samples and enabled us to distinguishhealthy persons and lung cancer patients. It has the potential tobe a powerful tool for exosome study and early cancer diagnosis.

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