A flexible and wearable three-electrode electrochemical sensing system consisting of a two-in-one enzyme-mimic working electrode

In this work, a wearable and flexible three-electrode electrochemical sensing system (TESS) by using a two-in-one enzyme-mimic working electrode (TIOWE) is reported. The integrated three-electrode, including working electrodes, reference electrodes, and counter electrodes are formed by transfer printing of Ni2P-based composite electrode ink (Ni2P/G ink), Ag/AgCl ink, and carbon ink onto PDMS substrate, respectively. The Ni2P/G ink-based working electrodes have both good conductivity and enzyme-mimic catalytic activity towards glucose. Under optimized conditions, the TIOWE-TESS has a low detection limit of 0.37 & mu;M and wide linear ranges of 0.001 mM-0.1 mM and 0.1 mM-1.4 mM. Furthermore, the TIOWE-TESS has good applicability in serum samples and reveals remarkable electrochemical performance at fluctuant working temperatures. The proposed TIOWE-TESS can be integrated on a waterproof bandage to fabricate a skin-friendly patch device for sweet glucose monitoring, which highlights its potential applications in flexible and wearable commercial devices for health-monitoring.

Automated summary

This study introduces a wearable and flexible three-electrode electrochemical sensing system (TESS) with a two-in-one enzyme-mimic working electrode (TIOWE). The integrated three-electrode system, including working, reference, and counter electrodes, is created by transfer printing of Ni2P-based composite electrode ink (Ni2P/G ink), Ag/AgCl ink, and carbon ink onto a PDMS substrate. The TIOWE-TESS demonstrates low detection limits, wide linear ranges, applicability in serum samples, and excellent electrochemical performance at fluctuant working temperatures, making it suitable for commercial health-monitoring devices.