4.5 Review

Ebola virus disease: A review for the emergency medicine clinician

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Review Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Ebola virus disease in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Nzelle D. Kayem et al.

Summary: This review evaluates the impact of Ebola virus disease on pregnant women and finds a high mortality rate for both mothers and infants. The existing data on the clinical course, non-fatal perinatal outcomes, and management of EVD in pregnancy are limited, highlighting the need for further research in these areas.

TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE (2022)

Review Virology

Therapeutic Strategies against Ebola Virus Infection

Ching-Hsuan Liu et al.

Summary: Since the 2014-2016 epidemic, Ebola virus has become a major threat to global health. Despite the approval of several anti-Ebola vaccines and therapeutics, the high fatality rate highlights the need for continuous development of antiviral strategies.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2022)

Article Virology

The road to effective and accessible antibody therapies against Ebola virus

Hugues Fausther-Bovendo et al.

Summary: Ebola virus outbreaks are highly damaging and effective vaccines and treatments are needed. Although monoclonal antibody therapy has shown promise, survival rates for individuals with high viral load are still low and immunotherapies for other Ebola virus species are in pre-clinical development. The high cost of immunotherapies also limits their accessibility. Novel manufacturing and administration strategies could significantly reduce the cost of immunotherapies, making them valuable tools against Ebola virus and other infectious agents.

CURRENT OPINION IN VIROLOGY (2022)

Article Infectious Diseases

Qualitative evidence syntheses of attitudes and preferences to inform guidelines on infant feeding in the context of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) transmission risk

Fiona Campbell et al.

Summary: The Ebola outbreak has a significant negative impact on infant feeding and child care practices, calling for appropriate guidance and psychosocial support. This includes engaging communities to eliminate stigma and fear, and prioritizing nutrition for infants and young children.

PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES (2022)

Review Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

A systematic review of Ebola virus disease outbreaks and an analysis of the efficacy and safety of newer drugs approved for the treatment of Ebola virus disease by the US Food and Drug Administration from 2016 to 2020

Palanisamy Sivanandy et al.

Summary: The Ebola virus has led to deadly outbreaks among animals and humans due to urbanisation growth and close interaction with wildlife. Limited treatment options are available, with ZMapp Plus showing the best efficacy among commonly used drugs for Ebola virus disease. Supportive care is crucial in controlling mortality rates.

JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND PUBLIC HEALTH (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Randomized Trial of Vaccines for Zaire Ebola Virus Disease

Mark Kieh et al.

Summary: In the study of vaccines for preventing Zaire Ebola virus disease, the Ad26-MVA regimen showed good immune responses in both adults and children, and the other two regimens also provided protection. The trial results demonstrated the safety of these vaccines, and immune responses were observed from day 14 after vaccination until month 12.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Malaria in the US A Review

Johanna P. Daily et al.

Summary: Approximately 2000 cases of malaria are diagnosed each year in the US, mostly among travelers returning from endemic areas. Prevention and treatment of malaria depend on the species and drug sensitivity of parasites from the region of acquisition.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2022)

Review Infectious Diseases

Effects of therapies for Ebola virus disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

Ya Gao et al.

Summary: Specific treatments targeting Ebola virus are crucial in managing Ebola virus disease. The systematic review and network meta-analysis showed that REGN-EB3 and mAb114 were more effective in reducing mortality compared to other treatments or standard care.

LANCET MICROBE (2022)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

REGN-EB3: First Approval

Anthony Markham

Summary: REGN-EB3, a combination of three fully-human monoclonal antibodies targeting Ebola virus glycoprotein, was recently approved by the US FDA based on the PALM study conducted during an Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo. This marks a significant milestone in the development of REGN-EB3 as a treatment for Zaire ebolavirus infection in adult and paediatric patients.
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Typhoid and paratyphoid fever: a clinical seminar

Abi Manesh et al.

Summary: Enteric fever caused by Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi remains a significant infectious disease in Asia and Africa, with the highest prevalence reported in the Indian subcontinent. The emergence of widespread antimicrobial resistance has limited treatment options for travel-related EF, highlighting the importance of improving diagnosis, hygiene, and vaccination. Efforts to control typhoid include early detection of resistance, therapy with appropriate drugs, provision of safe drinking water, and vaccination among travellers and locals. improved vaccines against Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A are needed to enhance control measures.

JOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE (2021)

Review Clinical Neurology

Acute bacterial meningitis

Emma C. Wall et al.

Summary: Community-acquired bacterial meningitis is a dynamic disease with evolving epidemiology and pathogenesis data. Early antibiotic administration is crucial for improving survival, while unnecessary cranial imaging causes diagnostic delays. New treatments such as C5 inhibitors and daptomycin are currently in clinical trials.

CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROLOGY (2021)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Impact of recurrent outbreaks of Ebola virus disease in Africa: a meta-analysis of case fatality rates

J. Kawuki et al.

Summary: This study summarized the case fatality rate of Ebola virus disease outbreaks in Africa from 2010 to 2020 and found that outbreaks with fewer than 1000 cases reported a higher CFR rate. The study also identified a gap in the implementation of prevention and control strategies, emphasizing the need to strengthen surveillance systems and response mechanisms for early detection and prompt control of future outbreaks.

PUBLIC HEALTH (2021)

Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Immunogenicity and safety of Ebola virus vaccines in healthy adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

Alhassane Diallo et al.

Summary: Analysis of 21 randomized controlled trials evaluating seven different Ebola virus vaccines with different doses showed that rVSV Delta G-ZEBOV-GP (2 x 10(7)) was the most immunogenic, rVSV Delta G-ZEBOV-GP (<= 10(5)) had fewer pain events, DNA-EBOV (<= 4 mg) performed the best in fatigue and headache, ChAd3 (10(10)) had lower risk for myalgia, and Ad5.ZEBOV (<= 8 x 10(10)) was the best for fever. The preferred vaccine to prevent future Ebola outbreaks is the rVSVDG-ZEBOV-GP vaccine at a dose of 2 x 10(7) PFU.

HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS (2021)

Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

Presence of Ebola virus in breast milk and risk of mother-to-child transmission: synthesis of evidence

Melisa Medina-Rivera et al.

Summary: This systematic review examined the presence of EBOV in breast milk and the risk of viral transmission to infants through breastfeeding. The study found that most EBOV-positive breast milk samples led to EBOV infection in breastfed infants, resulting in fatality. However, due to the presence of EBOV in other bodily fluids, it is inconclusive whether breast milk is the main route of transmission.

ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Ebola virus disease

Shevin T. Jacob et al.

NATURE REVIEWS DISEASE PRIMERS (2020)

Review Infectious Diseases

Pregnancy and breastfeeding in the context of Ebola: a systematic review

Megan E. Foeller et al.

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

Review Microbiology

Viral genomics in Ebola virus research

Nicholas Di Paola et al.

NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY (2020)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

Ebola

Heinz Feldmann et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

Article Infectious Diseases

Meta-analysis of predictive symptoms for Ebola virus disease

Vageesh Jain et al.

PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES (2020)

Letter Obstetrics & Gynecology

Male Ebola Survivors: Do Not Forget to Use a Condom!

Walter D. Cardona-Maya et al.

REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCES (2019)

Review Clinical Neurology

Viral (aseptic) meningitis: A review

William F. Wright et al.

JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES (2019)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

Ebola virus disease

Denis Malvy et al.

LANCET (2019)

Review Infectious Diseases

Anti-Ebola therapy for patients with Ebola virus disease: a systematic review

James S. Lee et al.

BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2019)

Article Clinical Neurology

Aseptic meningitis

P. Tattevin et al.

REVUE NEUROLOGIQUE (2019)

Article Virology

Ebola Virus: Pathogenesis and Countermeasure Development

Wakako Furuyama et al.

ANNUAL REVIEW OF VIROLOGY, VOL 6, 2019 (2019)

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Exit and Entry Screening Practices for Infectious Diseases among Travelers at Points of Entry: Looking for Evidence on Public Health Impact

Varvara A. Mouchtouri et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH (2019)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Ebola Virus Disease Therapeutics

Sabue Mulangu et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2019)

Article Immunology

Household Transmission of Ebola Virus: Risks and Preventive Factors, Freetown, Sierra Leone, 2015

Mary R. Reichler et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2018)

Article Microbiology

The discovery of Bombali virus adds further support for bats as hosts of ebolaviruses

Tracey Goldstein et al.

NATURE MICROBIOLOGY (2018)

Article Immunology

High-Containment Pathogen Preparation in the Intensive Care Unit

Brian T. Garibaldi et al.

INFECTIOUS DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA (2017)

Review Biology

The Ebola outbreak, 2013-2016: old lessons for new epidemics

Cordelia E. M. Coltart et al.

PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (2017)

Review Immunology

Molecular pathogenesis of viral hemorrhagic fever

Christopher F. Basler

SEMINARS IN IMMUNOPATHOLOGY (2017)

Letter Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Cardiac MRI Findings Suggest Myocarditis in Severe Ebola Virus Disease

Daniel S. Chertow et al.

JACC-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING (2017)

Review Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

The link between the West African Ebola outbreak and health systems in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone: a systematic review

Haitham Shoman et al.

GLOBALIZATION AND HEALTH (2017)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A systematic review and meta-analysis of seroprevalence surveys of ebolavirus infection

Hilary Bower et al.

SCIENTIFIC DATA (2017)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

Optimal database combinations for literature searches in systematic reviews: a prospective exploratory study

Wichor M. Bramer et al.

SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS (2017)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Risk factors for transmission of Ebola or Marburg virus disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Julii Brainard et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY (2016)

Letter Immunology

Monitoring of Prognostic Laboratory Markers in Ebola Virus Disease

Frederic Janvier et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2016)

Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Severe Meningoencephalitis in a Case of Ebola Virus Disease: A Case Report

Daniel S. Chertow et al.

ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE (2016)

Article Immunology

Ebola Virus Persistence in Semen of Male Survivors

Timothy M. Uyeki et al.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2016)

Article Immunology

Ebola Virus-Related Encephalitis

Thierry de Greslan et al.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2016)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Persistence of Ebola virus in various body fluids during convalescence: evidence and implications for disease transmission and control

A. A. Chughtai et al.

EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION (2016)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Clinical Management of Ebola Virus Disease in the United States and Europe

Timothy M. Uyeki et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2016)

Letter Immunology

Ebola Virus in Breast Milk in an Ebola Virus-Positive Mother with Twin Babies, Guinea, 2015

Helena Nordenstedt et al.

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2016)

Letter Immunology

Ebola Virus Disease Complicated by Late-Onset Encephalitis and Polyarthritis, Sierra Leone

Patrick Howlett et al.

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2016)

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The Merits of Malaria Diagnostics during an Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak

Emmie de Wit et al.

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2016)

Review Immunology

Time From Infection to Disease and Infectiousness for Ebola Virus Disease, a Systematic Review

Gustavo E. Velasquez et al.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2015)

Editorial Material Immunology

Loperamide Therapy for Voluminous Diarrhea in Ebola Virus Disease

Daniel S. Chertow et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2015)

Article Infectious Diseases

Long-term sequelae after Ebola virus disease in Bundibugyo, Uganda: a retrospective cohort study

Danielle V. Clark et al.

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2015)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Clinical Presentation of Patients with Ebola Virus Disease in Conakry, Guinea

Elhadj Ibrahima Bah et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2015)

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Persistence of Ebola Virus in Ocular Fluid during Convalescence

Jay B. Varkey et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2015)

Review Anesthesiology

Ebola virus disease: an update for anesthesiologists and intensivists

Duane J. Funk et al.

CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIA-JOURNAL CANADIEN D ANESTHESIE (2015)

Article Immunology

Postmortem Stability of Ebola Virus

Joseph Prescott et al.

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2015)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Clinical Illness and Outcomes in Patients with Ebola in Sierra Leone

J. S. Schieffelin et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2014)

Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Ebola Virus Disease in West Africa - Clinical Manifestations and Management

Daniel S. Chertow et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2014)

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A Case of Severe Ebola Virus Infection Complicated by Gram-Negative Septicemia

Benno Kreuels et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2014)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

Ebola virus disease

Nicholas J. Beeching et al.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2014)

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Transmission of Ebola Virus Disease: An Overview

Suresh Rewar et al.

ANNALS OF GLOBAL HEALTH (2014)

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Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever Associated with Novel Virus Strain, Uganda, 2007-2008

Joseph F. Wamala et al.

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2010)

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Newly Discovered Ebola Virus Associated with Hemorrhagic Fever Outbreak in Uganda

Jonathan S. Towner et al.

PLOS PATHOGENS (2008)

Article Immunology

Assessment of the risk of Ebola virus transmission from bodily fluids and fomites

Daniel G. Bausch et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2007)