☆ 4.8 Review

Anion Exchange Ionomers: Design Considerations and Recent Advances - An Electrochemical Perspective

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2023)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

La-Sr-Co oxide catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction in anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer: The role of electrode fabrication on performance and durability

Luigi Osmieri et al.

Summary: Anion exchange membrane water electrolysis is an attractive technology for low-cost generation of green hydrogen by combining the use of noble metal-free catalysts with pure water feed. By addressing drawbacks of other electrolysis technologies, it has the potential to replace them.

JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES (2023)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Influence of Headgroups in Ethylene-Tetrafluoroethylene-Based Radiation-Grafted Anion Exchange Membranes for CO2 Electrolysis

Carlos A. Giron Rodriguez et al.

Summary: The performance of zero-gap CO2 electrolysis (CO2E) depends on the membrane's chemical structure and physical properties. Radiation-grafted anion-exchange membranes (RG-AEM) show high ionic conductivity and durability, making them a promising alternative for CO2E. The thinner 25μm-based AEM with the MPIP-headgroup provided better CO2E efficiency in terms of lower cell potentials, high CO selectivity, reduced liquid product crossover, and enhanced water management.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2023)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

The role of ion solvation in lithium mediated nitrogen reduction

O. Westhead et al.

Summary: Since 2019, numerous high-profile papers have reported improved efficiency of lithium-mediated electrochemical nitrogen reduction to make ammonia. However, there is a lack of systematic investigation linking bulk electrolyte properties to electrochemical performance and Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) properties. This study reveals that the salt concentration has a remarkable effect on electrolyte stability and the formation of a more stable SEI layer with increasing salt concentration. Higher salt concentrations result in decreased faradaic efficiency due to decreased nitrogen solubility and diffusivity, as well as increased SEI conductivity.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2023)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Molecular-Level Control over Oxygen Transport and Catalyst-Ionomer Interaction by Designing Cis-Trans Isomeric Ionomers

Weisheng Yu et al.

Summary: We have demonstrated for the first time the effects of cis-trans conformation on the properties of anion exchange ionomers. The twisted cis-conformation with abundant subnanoscale free volume cavities enhances oxygen permeability and water adsorption. Additionally, the nonplanar conformation of the cis-ionomer reduces undesired absorption on Pt and Pt-Ru surfaces, thus improving the electrochemical performance of catalyst layers. The theoretical and electrochemical investigations provide mutual support for our proof-of-concept. The catalyst layer incorporating cis-ionomer shows significant increases in limiting current density and electrochemically active surface area (51% and 54% respectively). The H-2/O-2 single-cell peak power density of the cis-membrane electrode assembly (c-MEA) is increased by 56% (1.0 vs 0.64 W cm(-2)) compared to the t-MEA at 100% relative humidity (RH). Furthermore, the performance of c-MEA is particularly outstanding at low humidity (increased by 114% and 113% at 80% and 60% RH respectively).

ACS ENERGY LETTERS (2023)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Self-adhesive ionomers for alkaline electrolysis: Optimized oxygen evolution electrode

Habin Park et al.

Summary: The production of hydrogen by low-temperature water electrolysis using anion conductive membranes combines alkaline electrolysis and proton exchange membrane electrolysis. The use of self-adhesive anode ionomers improves anodic polarization and cell durability. Optimizing the catalyst and self-adhesive ionomer content within the anode leads to mechanically durable and energy-efficient water electrolysis.

JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES (2023)

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Review Chemistry, Physical

Opportunities of Ionomer Development for Anion-Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis FocusReview

Peter Mardle et al.

Summary: Anion-exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEM-WE) has the potential for low-cost and green hydrogen production. This review highlights the importance of anion-exchange ionomers (AEIs) in catalyst layers (CLs), including their role in catalyst activation, stability improvement, and ion conduction. It also discusses the detrimental effects and key findings from recent AEM-WE literature, and presents opportunities for future ionomer development.

ACS ENERGY LETTERS (2023)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Electrochemical- and mechanical stability of catalyst layers in anion exchange membrane water electrolysis

Britta Mayerhoefer et al.

Summary: This study focuses on key issues in anion exchange membrane water electrolysis, including the selection of anode catalysts and membrane and electrode binders, as well as strategies for improving stability and durability.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Integration of a high oxygen permeability ionomer into polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell cathodes for high efficiency and power density

Jonathan P. Braaten et al.

Summary: This study focuses on the integration of a high oxygen permeability ionomer with high durability carbon supported platinum catalysts for the preparation of cathode catalyst layers in PEMFCs. The results show that this integration leads to significant improvements in specific activities at low current densities and reduced oxygen transport resistances at high current densities. This integration has the potential to enhance the efficiency and peak power density of PEMFCs.

JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES (2022)

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Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Three-Electrode Study of Electrochemical Ionomer Degradation Relevant to Anion-Exchange-Membrane Water Electrolyzers

Raina A. Krivina et al.

Summary: Anion-exchange-membrane water electrolyzers show promise for low-cost operation, but more research is needed to understand degradation and failure modes. Supporting electrolytes can improve performance and durability, but the interactions between anions and the ionomer membrane remain poorly understood.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2022)

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Article Instruments & Instrumentation

Spectroscopic Investigation of Catalyst Inks and Thin Films Toward the Development of Ionomer Quality Control

Derek Jacobsen et al.

Summary: As the production of polymer electrolyte fuel cells expands, novel quality control methods need to be developed to support expected production rates. In this research, a spectroscopic method was analyzed to quantify the ionomer content of catalyst inks, which is an essential step in fuel cell manufacturing. The results show potential for the development of new quality control methodologies for catalyst inks used in the fuel cell industry.

APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY (2022)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

What is Next in Anion-Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers? Bottlenecks, Benefits, and Future

Carlo Santoro et al.

Summary: This article discusses the development status of anion-exchange membrane water electrolyzers (AEM-WE) and highlights the key aspects for research and potential routes for overcoming the remaining issues.

CHEMSUSCHEM (2022)

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Article Polymer Science

Anion Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cell Application: A Review

Gautam Das et al.

Summary: The fuel cell industry is highly promising for developing clean and sustainable energy generation. While significant progress has been made in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), technical limitations and high costs remain. Anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) have emerged as a low-cost alternative, with numerous studies investigating their potential to overcome the challenges faced by PEMFCs.

POLYMERS (2022)

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Review Energy & Fuels

Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI), a boon or a bane for lithium batteries: A review on the recent advances

Ujwal Shreenag Meda et al.

Summary: The article discusses the characteristics and advantages of lithium-ion batteries, as well as the role of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) in battery performance. It also presents various solutions and alternatives to improve battery properties.

JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Enhanced fumion nanocomposite membranes embedded with graphene oxide as a promising anion exchange membrane for fuel cell application

Iyappan Arunkumar et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Probing the effect of ionomer swelling on the stability of anion exchange membrane water electrolyzers

Binyu Chen et al.

Summary: Anion exchange membrane water electrolyzers (AEMWEs) are potential for green hydrogen production. A study found that using 1M KOH electrolyte at 60℃ and coating the membrane with a HMT-PMBI catalyst can improve the stability of the electrolyzer. Reducing the KOH concentration or using pure water decreases the voltage stability, possibly due to increased swelling. Introducing a crosslinked derivative of the HMT-PMBI membrane reduces swelling and enhances the stability of the system.

JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES (2022)

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Article Electrochemistry

Self-Adhesive Ionomers for Alkaline Electrolysis: Optimized Hydrogen Evolution Electrode

Hui Min Tee et al.

Summary: Hydrogen produced through low-temperature water electrolysis using anion exchange membranes combines the benefits of liquid-electrolyte alkaline electrolysis and solid-polymer proton exchange membrane electrolysis. The study found that using cathode ionomers with high ion exchange capacity improved cathode durability, and using ionomers soluble in the spray-coated cathode ink further improved durability and reduced voltage.

JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Anode Catalysts in Anion-Exchange-Membrane Electrolysis without Supporting Electrolyte: Conductivity, Dynamics, and Ionomer Degradation

Raina A. Krivina et al.

Summary: Anion-exchange-membrane water electrolyzers operate without soluble electrolyte using earth-abundant catalysts to lower the cost of green H-2. However, the lack of competitive performance and durability due to a poor understanding of catalyst-specific degradation processes remains a critical issue. This study investigates non-PGM anode catalysts in AEMWEs, revealing that catalyst electrical conductivity and restructuring during operation are key factors in achieving high performance and stability. The results also highlight the dynamic catalytic processes leading to AEMWE device failure, demonstrate a viable non-PGM catalyst for operation, and provide design rules for improving performance and durability.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Design principles for water dissociation catalysts in high-performance bipolar membranes

Lihaokun Chen et al.

Summary: This study reveals the important role of electronic conductivity in modulating the performance of water dissociation catalysts in bipolar membranes and finds that ionic conductivity has little effect on performance. Optimized BPM water electrolyzers can efficiently generate oxygen and hydrogen, which may accelerate the deployment of new technologies.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Role of Ionomers in Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis: Is Aemion the Answer for Nickel-Based Anodes?

Emily Cossar et al.

Summary: The anode oxygen evolution reaction (OER) limits the overall hydrogen production efficiency of anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE). Nickel-iron (NiFe)-based catalysts show excellent activity toward the OER. This study investigates the application of Aemion AEI with a non-noble-metal Ni90Fe10 nanoparticle anode catalyst in AEMWE, and compares it with commercial Fumion and Nafion ionomers.

ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer: Electrode Design, Lab-Scaled Testing System and Performance Evaluation

Qiucheng Xu et al.

Summary: This review provides a comprehensive introduction to anion-exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE), including advanced electrode design, lab-scaled testing system establishment, and electrochemical performance evaluation. It summarizes recent progress in developing high activity transition metal-based powder electrocatalysts and self-supporting electrodes for AEMWE, as well as optimizing strategies to improve transfer behaviors inside the gas diffusion electrode (GDE). In addition, it offers a detailed guideline for establishing AEMWE testing system and selecting electrolyzer components, and discusses the impacts of membrane electrode assembly (MEA) technologies and operation conditions on cell performance. Various electrochemical methods for activity and stability evaluation, failure analyses, and in-situ characterizations are also elaborated. Lastly, perspectives on interfacial environment optimization and cost assessments are proposed for the development of advanced and durable AEMWE.

ENERGYCHEM (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

On the stability of anion exchange membrane fuel cells incorporating polyimidazolium ionene (Aemion plus ®) membranes and ionomers

Qiliang Wei et al.

Summary: In this study, the performance of anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) using commercial polyimidazolium-based Aemion+(R) as both the ionomer and membrane was reported. Aemion+(R) showed reduced dimensional swelling and higher water permeance compared to previous polybenzimidazolium-based Aemion (R) membranes and ionomers. The reinforcement of Aemion+(R) with a fluorine-free polyolefin substrate enhanced the important properties for fuel cell operation. The highest power density of 1.4 W cm(-2) at 70 degrees C, 250 kP(abs) H-2/O-2 was achieved by using a direct membrane deposition (DMD) approach with an ultrathin 5 mu m membrane. The reinforcement also enabled stable AEMFC operation at 80 degrees C, with a power density of 1.1 W cm(-2) at 80 degrees C, 300 kPa(abs) H-2/O-2.

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY & FUELS (2022)

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Review Engineering, Chemical

Comparison of catalyst-coated membranes and catalyst-coated substrate for PEMFC membrane electrode assembly: A review

Bee Huah Lim et al.

Summary: Catalyst-coated membranes (CCMs) have advantages in reducing platinum catalyst loading and improving catalyst-utilization efficiency compared to other methods. Considerations on material-manufacturing effects and overall performance analysis are important in MEA fabrication methods. Further research is needed to enhance fuel cell performance through the use of CCM methods in MEA fabrication.

CHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING (2021)

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Article Electrochemistry

Ionomer Optimization for Water Uptake and Swelling in Anion Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer: Hydrogen Evolution Electrode

Garrett Huang et al.

Summary: Green hydrogen produced through anion exchange membrane water electrolysis is a promising, low-cost chemical storage solution that requires a balance between ionic conductivity, water uptake, and ionomer swelling in the ACI to improve the performance of AEM-based devices. Higher IEC ACIs with light crosslinking are preferred in the HER electrode to fine-tune water uptake and ionomer swelling for optimal cell performance and reduced operating voltages.

JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Modeling and Sensitivity Analysis of the Forward Osmosis Process to Predict Membrane Flux Using a Novel Combination of Neural Network and Response Surface Methodology Techniques

Jasir Jawad et al.

Summary: The forward osmosis (FO) process, with low energy consumption and less severe reversible fouling, is considered an alternative to desalination. Both artificial neural networks (ANNs) and response surface methodology (RSM) have become popular for modeling and optimizing membrane processes. A combined ANN-RSM approach is used for predicting and optimizing membrane flux in the FO process, where the ANN model is developed based on experimental study data to create the RSM model for optimization.

MEMBRANES (2021)

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Article Electrochemistry

Characterization of a Sulfonated Poly(Ionic Liquid) Block Copolymer as an Ionomer for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells using Rotating Disk Electrode

Ramchandra Gawas et al.

Summary: The use of sulfonated poly(ionic liquid) block copolymers (S-PILBCP) in proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) membrane electrode assembly (MEA) has shown significant improvements in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity and resistance to poisoning, demonstrating enhanced catalyst performance.

JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY (2021)

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Article Polymer Science

Influence of Ionomer Content in the Catalytic Layer of MEAs Based on Aquivion(R) Ionomer

Irene Gatto et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that the best fuel cell performance was found for electrodes using 26 wt.% Aquivion(R) in the presence of ethanol for ink preparation, associated with a maximum catalyst utilization.

POLYMERS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

OH- Conductive Properties and Water Uptake of Anion Exchange Thin Films

Fangfang Wang et al.

Summary: This study established new in situ measurements to investigate the OH- conductivity and water uptake properties of a model ionomer, revealing that thinner films had reduced OH- conductivity due to a lower number of water molecules present. The OH- conductivity only slightly decreased under the same water uptake.

CHEMSUSCHEM (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Novel anion exchange membrane with poly ionic liquid-confined hypercrosslinked polymer for enhanced anion conduction and stability

Ping Li et al.

Summary: A novel strategy of fabricating PIL@HCP/QAPPO composite membrane has been reported, achieving interconnected hydroxide transfer channels through the membranes. The composite membrane shows high hydroxide conductivity and stable structural properties, outperforming traditional QAPPO membranes.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY (2021)

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Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Performance and Durability of Pure-Water-Fed Anion Exchange Membrane Electrolyzers Using Baseline Materials and Operation

Grace A. Lindquist et al.

Summary: Green hydrogen produced by water electrolysis powered by renewable electricity can replace fossil fuels. Anion-exchange-membrane (AEM) electrolyzers offer advantages of commercial proton-exchange-membrane systems with the use of less expensive materials and catalysts. Limited research and development in AEM electrolyzers due to lack of accessible materials and difficulty in comparing results, but using commercially available materials can provide a high-performance baseline for future development.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

The role of oxygen-permeable ionomer for polymer electrolyte fuel cells

Ryosuke Jinnouchi et al.

Summary: This study reports the improvement of performance in polymer electrolyte fuel cells by incorporating a ring-structured backbone matrix into ionomers in the cathode catalyst layers. High power density and catalytic activity are achieved through the high oxygen solubility of the ionomer, promoting oxygen transport and reactions. The molecular design of the ionomer enhances the oxygen reduction reaction activity and mitigates catalyst poisoning, ultimately benefiting the overall performance of the fuel cells.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Enhanced Efficiency and Stability of All-Inorganic CsPbI2Br Perovskite Solar Cells by Organic and Ionic Mixed Passivation

Jian He et al.

Summary: The study investigates the effects of mixed passivation on all-inorganic perovskite (CsPbI2Br) solar cells for the first time, resulting in improved film quality and energy level alignment. The passivation enhances hole extraction, drives interface electron separation, suppresses charge recombination, and achieves a high open-circuit voltage and fill factor in the devices. Moreover, the treated devices exhibit remarkable long-term stability with minimal efficiency loss after storage in a glove box for over 1000 hours without encapsulation.

ADVANCED SCIENCE (2021)

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Review Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Engineering the Electrochemical Interface of Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysts with Ionic Liquids: A Review

Silvia Favero et al.

Summary: Efforts are being made to enhance the activity of platinum and platinum group metal-free electrocatalysts for the commercialization of hydrogen fuel cells. A new approach has emerged to boost the activity of oxygen reduction reaction catalysts by engineering the electrochemical interface. The use of ionic liquids to modify the triple-point interface of ORR catalysts shows promise in addressing challenges in this field.

ADVANCED ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY RESEARCH (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Radiation-grafted anion-exchange membranes for reverse electrodialysis: a comparison of N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylhexane-1,6-diamine crosslinking (amination stage) and divinylbenzene crosslinking (grafting stage)

Rachida Bance-Soualhi et al.

Summary: This study investigates the preparation process and issues of radiation-grafted anion-exchange membranes, finding that introducing diamine agents into the amination process is the most effective method for crosslinking in applications like RED cells.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

The Gas Diffusion Electrode Setup as Straightforward Testing Device for Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer Catalysts

Johanna Schroder et al.

Summary: This paper introduces a new technique for testing the oxygen evolution reaction of catalysts for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers and demonstrates the application of gas diffusion electrode setups in this field. Key parameters are extracted through experiments, and it is shown that the carbon-based GDL is suitable for both activity determination and short-term stability testing.

JACS AU (2021)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Durability of anion exchange membrane water electrolyzers

Dongguo Li et al.

Summary: This article explores the durability-limiting factors and mitigation strategies of AEMWEs under different operating modes, and connects the extended-term behaviors of AEMWEs at the single-cell level with the instability of single-cell components in terms of electrochemical, chemical, and mechanical aspects. The pros and cons of AEMWEs under these operation modes are discussed, along with providing directions for achieving long-lasting AEMWEs with highly efficient hydrogen production capabilities.

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (2021)

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Review Polymer Science

Alkaline-stable anion exchange membranes: A review of synthetic approaches

Wei You et al.

PROGRESS IN POLYMER SCIENCE (2020)

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Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Unusually High Concentration of Alkyl Ammonium Hydroxide in the Cation-Hydroxide-Water Coadsorbed Layer on Pt

Joseph H. Dumont et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Highly Permeable Perfluorinated Sulfonic Acid lonomers for Improved Electrochemical Devices: Insights into Structure-Property Relationships

Adlai Katzenberg et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Utilizing ink composition to tune bulk-electrode gas transport, performance, and operational robustness for a Fe-N-C catalyst in polymer electrolyte fuel cell

Luigi Osmieri et al.

NANO ENERGY (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Modifying the Electrocatalyst-Ionomer Interface via Sulfonated Poly(ionic liquid) Block Copolymers to Enable High-Performance Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells

Yawei Li et al.

ACS ENERGY LETTERS (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Influence of ionomer adsorption on agglomerate structures in high-solid catalyst inks

Naomi Kumano et al.

CARBON (2020)

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Review Chemistry, Physical

A comprehensive review on water management strategies and developments in anion exchange membrane fuel cells

Rambabu Gutru et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY (2020)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Effect of N-cyclic cationic groups in poly(phenylene oxide)-based catalyst ionomer membranes for anion exchange membrane fuel cells

Hyun Jin Park et al.

JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Imaging Reactivity of the Pt-lonomer Interface in Fuel-Cell Catalyst Layers

Isaac Martens et al.

ACS CATALYSIS (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Effects of ionomer and dispersion methods on rheological behavior of proton exchange membrane fuel cell catalyst layer ink

Shaojie Du et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY (2020)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

N3-butyl imidazolium-based anion exchange membranes blended with Poly alcohol) for alkaline water

Hyun Jin Park et al.

JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Alkaline polymer electrolyte fuel cells without anode humidification and H2 emission

Meixue Hu et al.

JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Effect of Dispersion Medium Composition and lonomer Concentration on the Microstructure and Rheology of Fe-N-C Platinum Group Metal-free Catalyst Inks for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

Sunilkumar Khandavalli et al.

LANGMUIR (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Achieving High-Performance and 2000 h Stability in Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells by Manipulating Ionomer Properties and Electrode Optimization

Noor Ul Hassan et al.

ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS (2020)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Novel poly (ionic liquid)-based anion exchange membranes for efficient and rapid acid recovery from industrial waste

Nagaraj S. Naik et al.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Optimization of the Catalytic Layer for Alkaline Fuel Cells Based on Fumatech Membranes and Ionomer

David Sebastian et al.

CATALYSTS (2020)

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Article Electrochemistry

Ionomer Optimization for Water Uptake and Swelling in Anion Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer: Oxygen Evolution Electrode

Garrett Huang et al.

JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

High carbonate ion conductance of a robust PiperION membrane allows industrial current density and conversion in a zero-gap carbon dioxide electrolyzer cell

B. Endrodi et al.

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

The alkali degradation of LDPE-based radiation-grafted anion-exchange membranes studied using different ex situmethods

Kelly M. Meek et al.

RSC ADVANCES (2020)

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Article Electrochemistry

High-performance anion-exchange membrane water electrolysis

Ji Eun Park et al.

ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA (2019)

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Article Energy & Fuels

Poly(aryl piperidinium) membranes and ionomers for hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells

Junhua Wang et al.

NATURE ENERGY (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Adsorption of Polyaromatic Backbone Impacts the Performance of Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Ivana Matanovic et al.

CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS (2019)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Highly Conductive and Water-Swelling Resistant Anion Exchange Membrane for Alkaline Fuel Cells

Qianqian Ge et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2019)

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Article Polymer Science

Alkaline Stability of Quaternized Diels-Alder Polyphenylenes

Eun Joo Park et al.

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Perspectives on Low-Temperature Electrolysis and Potential for Renewable Hydrogen at Scale

Katherine Ayers et al.

ANNUAL REVIEW OF CHEMICAL AND BIOMOLECULAR ENGINEERING, VOL 10 (2019)

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Investigation of the Microstructure and Rheology of Iridium Oxide Catalyst Inks for Low-Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Water Electrolyzers

Sunilkumar Khandavalli et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2019)

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Dictating Pt-Based Electrocatalyst Performance in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells, from Formulation to Application

Tim Van Cleve et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2019)

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On the origin of permanent performance loss of anion exchange membrane fuel cells: Electrochemical oxidation of phenyl group

Sandip Maurya et al.

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Alkaline Stability of Anion-Conductive Ionomer Coated on a Carbon Surface

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Article Electrochemistry

Ionomer migration within PEMFC catalyst layers induced by humidity changes

Yan Yin et al.

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Wenjing Hou et al.

POLYMERS (2019)

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Phenyl Oxidation Impacts the Durability of Alkaline Membrane Water Electrolyzer

Dongguo Li et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Radiation-grafted anion-exchange membranes: the switch from low- to high-density polyethylene leads to remarkably enhanced fuel cell performance

Lianqin Wang et al.

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y An Efficient Direct Ammonia Fuel Cell for Affordable Carbon-Neutral Transportation

Yun Zhao et al.

JOULE (2019)

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Article Electrochemistry

High-Performance Hydroxide Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells through Optimization of Relative Humidity, Backpressure and Catalyst Selection

Teng Wang et al.

JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

High Performance Anion Exchange Membrane Electrolysis Using Plasma-Sprayed, Non-Precious-Metal Electrodes

Li Wang et al.

ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

How does a small structural change of anode ionomer make a big difference in alkaline membrane fuel cell performance?

Eun Joo Park et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2019)

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Highly efficient transition metal and nitrogen co-doped carbide-derived carbon electrocatalysts for anion exchange membrane fuel cells

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New perfluorinated ionomer with improved oxygen permeability for application in cathode polymeric electrolyte membrane fuel cell

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Effect of Water on the Stability of Quaternary Ammonium Groups for Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Applications

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Highly durable fuel cell electrodes based on ionomers dispersed in glycerol

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Preparation of radiation-grafted powders for use as anion exchange ionomers in alkaline polymer electrolyte fuel cells

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High-Loading Cobalt Oxide Coupled with Nitrogen-Doped Graphene for Oxygen Reduction in Anion-Exchange-Membrane Alkaline Fuel Cells

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Anion-exchange membranes for alkaline polymer electrolyte fuel cells: comparison of pendent benzyltrimethylammonium- and benzylmethylimidazolium-head-groups

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Evaluating the Behavior of Electrolytic Gas Bubbles and Their Effect on the Cell Voltage in Alkaline Water Electrolysis

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Analysis of the Effects of N-Substituents on Some Aspects of the Aromaticity of Imidazoles and Pyrazoles

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Analysis of Double Layer and Adsorption Effects at the Alkaline Polymer Electrolyte-Electrode Interface

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PEMFC electrode preparation by electrospray: Optimization of catalyst load and ionomer content

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Depression of proton conductivity in recast Nafion® film measured on flat substrate

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Investigation of water transport through membrane in a PEM fuel cell by water balance experiments

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An electron-beam-grafted ETFE alkaline anion-exchange membrane in metal-cation-free solid-state alkaline fuel cells

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Transport and structural characteristics of crosslinked poly(ethylene oxide) rubbers

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