Fluorescent Probes for Imaging in Humans: Where Are We Now?

Optical imaging has become an indispensable technology in the clinic. The molecular design of cell-targeted and highly sensitive materials, the validation of specific disease biomarkers, and the rapid growth of clinically compatible instrumentation have altogether revolutionized the way we use optical imaging in clinical settings. One prime example is the application of cancer-targeted molecular imaging agents in both trials and routine clinical use to define the margins of tumors and to detect lesions that are invisible to the surgeons, leading to improved resection of malignant tissues without compromising viable structures. In this Perspective, we summarize some of the key research advances in chemistry, biology, and engineering that have accelerated the translation of optical imaging technologies for use in human patients. Finally, our paper comments on several research areas where further work will likely render the next generation of technologies for translational optical imaging.

Automated summary

Optical imaging is now an essential technology in clinical settings. The development of cell-targeted and highly sensitive materials, the validation of specific disease biomarkers, and the advancement of clinically compatible instrumentation have revolutionized the application of optical imaging. For instance, cancer-targeted molecular imaging agents have been used in trials and routine clinical practice to define tumor margins and detect invisible lesions, resulting in improved surgical resection of malignant tissues without damaging viable structures. In this Perspective, key research advances in chemistry, biology, and engineering that have accelerated the translation of optical imaging technologies for human patients are summarized. Finally, the paper provides comments on potential research areas that will contribute to the next generation of translational optical imaging technologies.