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Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Muhammad Saqlain Iqbal et al.
Summary: The increasing demand for clean energy and growing concerns regarding environmental sustainability have led to greater attention devoted toward the production of clean fuels via green chemistry. Ammonia, as a green alternative to fossil fuels, has gained great interest worldwide for electrochemical reduction in atmospheric nitrogen (N-2) to produce cheap, environmentally friendly and reliable ammonia (NH3). Single atom catalysts have shown to be more effective than nanoparticles and have been extensively studied for the nitrogen reduction reaction. This review covers recent advances in noble metal and non-noble metal single atom catalysts for electrochemical reduction in nitrogen from 2018 to 2022, discussing catalyst efficiencies, coordination preferences, and theoretical studies. Insights into current challenges and considerations for future studies are also provided.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Minmin Yan et al.
Summary: The researchers synthesized a material with high-density (10.32 wt%) single atoms of antimony (Sb) on nitrogen- and sulfur-codoped carbon nanofibers using a nanoarchitectured Sb2S3 template. This material exhibited high selectivity (97.2%) and mass activity (114.9 A g(-1)) for the 2e(-) ORR in alkaline electrolyte. Experimental and theoretical calculations showed that the coordination configuration and S dopants contributed to the enhanced activity and selectivity of the material.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Kai Chen et al.
Summary: In this study, p-block Sb and Bi single-atom catalysts were designed and showed high efficiency in electrocatalytic NO reduction to NH3, with great potential for commercial applications.
ACS ENERGY LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Shengbo Zhang et al.
Summary: This research utilizes bacterial cellulose with rich oxygen functional groups to anchor iron and cobalt, realizing high density, atomically dispersed bimetallic active sites. The designed catalyst achieves remarkable ammonia yield rate and Faradaic efficiency.
NATURE SUSTAINABILITY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Shuaiqi Gong et al.
Summary: In this study, a rich-interface heterostructured In2O3/InP catalyst was designed for photocatalytic CO2-to-CH3COOH conversion and O2 generation under visible light. XANES analysis revealed the presence of O-In-P polarized sites at the interface, while FT-IR and Raman spectra identified key intermediates for acetate production. DFT calculations demonstrated that the rich O-In-P polarized sites promoted C-C coupling to form C2 products.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jianxin Kang et al.
Summary: Catalytic strategies based on main group metals are less advanced than transition metal catalysis, creating opportunities for further research. This study presents an effective method for adjusting the energy levels of amorphous BiOx clusters to improve nitrogen fixation activity. The catalyst shows outstanding performance in NH3 production, surpassing existing catalysts in aqueous solution. These findings lay the groundwork for harnessing the potential of p-block elements in multi-electron reactions.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Junyang Ding et al.
Summary: In this study, Fe-doped MoS2 nanosheets grown on carbon cloth were developed as an efficient catalyst for the reduction of NO3- to NH3 in an aqueous electrolyte, achieving a maximal Faradaic efficiency of 90% and a peak yield rate of 9.75 mg h-1 cm-2 for NH3 production. The catalyst exhibited good stability and was used in a Zn-nitrate battery, achieving a peak power density of 3.56 mW cm-2. These results highlight the potential of MoS2 for electrolytic production of valuable chemicals.
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Weiqing Zhang et al.
Summary: A high-performance catalyst made of single atomic Ce sites anchored on nitrogen-doped hollow carbon spheres has been developed. It can efficiently electrocatalyze the reduction of NO to NH3 in an acidic solution, achieving a maximal Faradaic efficiency of 91% and a yield rate of 1023 lg h-1 mgcat.-1. The catalyst outperforms Ce nanoclusters and shows good structural and electrochemical stability.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Shanshan Chen et al.
Summary: As an ideal carbon-free energy carrier, ammonia plays a crucial role in modern society. The conventional industrial synthesis of NH3 results in high energy consumption and environmental pollution, highlighting the importance of developing NH3 synthesis under benign conditions. Electrochemical synthesis of NH3 using zinc-nitrogen batteries has gained attention due to its mild reaction conditions and environmental friendliness. However, the current challenges lie in the low power density and ammonia production of these battery systems. This review summarizes the latest progress in zinc-nitrogen batteries, including reaction mechanisms, reactor design principles, and strategies to improve their performance.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xianbiao Fu et al.
Summary: Ammonia is an important substance in various industries and can also be used as a carbon-free fuel. A new approach using lithium-mediated nitrogen reduction has shown promise in the electrochemical synthesis of ammonia. In this study, a continuous-flow electrolyzer with gas diffusion electrodes was used, and a platinum-gold alloy catalyst was found to be more stable and efficient for the reaction. The results showed a high faradaic efficiency for ammonia production and energy efficiency at optimal conditions.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Shangcong Zhang et al.
Summary: This study demonstrates that phosphorus-doped titania nanotubes can serve as a highly efficient catalyst for nitric oxide reduction reaction (NORR) in ionic liquid-based electrolyte. The catalyst exhibits impressive performance with a high Faradaic efficiency of 89% and NH3 yield rate of 425 μg·m^-1·mg(cat.)^-1, which is close to the best-reported results. It highlights the advantage of catalyst-electrolyte engineering strategy for high-efficiency and high-rate NH3 production.
FRONTIERS OF CHEMICAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Wanru Liao et al.
Summary: The construction of local enhanced electric fields (LEEFs) by Ag nanoneedle arrays promotes the fracture of nitrogen gas (N2) and assists in the electrocatalytic N2 reduction reaction (eNRR). The LEEFs induce charge polarization on nitrogen atoms and lower the energy barrier in the first-protonation step of N2. The cleavage of the N=N bond and the hydrogenation of N2 by LEEFs are confirmed by the detected N-N and N-H intermediates. Regulation and tuning of LEEFs to around 4 x 104 kV m-1 enables the achievement of high ammonia selectivity with a Faradaic efficiency of 72.3 +/- 4.0% in eNRR.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Miaosen Yang et al.
Summary: This study reports the use of Zn-doped Co3O4 nanowires array as an efficient catalyst for the electrochemical conversion of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and nitrate at ambient conditions. It exhibits high faradaic efficiency, yield rate, and cycling stability. It can also be used as a cathode catalyst for Zn-nitrate batteries, showing high power density and yield rate.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Kai Chen et al.
Summary: The study demonstrates that Sb2S3 catalyst with atomically isolated and unsaturated Sb-AIU site exhibits excellent performance in electrochemical NO-to-NH3 conversion. The Sb-AIU sites are found to play a crucial role in favoring NO adsorption, accelerating the protonation energetics of the NO-to-NH3 pathway, and inhibiting the coverage of H2O/H species, leading to enhanced NORR activity and selectivity.
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY FRONTIERS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Kai Chen et al.
Summary: Main-group metal elements have potential for high-performance NO to NH3 electrochemical reduction (NORR) catalysts, but this area remains unexplored. In this study, main-group In single atoms confined in an amorphous MoO3 substrate (In-1/a-MoO3) are investigated as efficient NORR catalysts, demonstrating a maximum NH3 yield of 242.6 mu mol h(-1) cm(-2) and NH3-faradaic efficiency of 92.8%. Further experiments and theoretical analysis reveal that single-site In atoms serve as dominant active centers, inhibiting hydrogen evolution and optimizing the hydrogenation energetics of the NO-to-NH3 pathway.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yitong Wang et al.
Summary: In 2011, Gogotsi et al. discovered a new type of two-dimensional transition metal carbides and nitrides, called MXenes, which have become a dazzling new star in the energy storage industry. MXenes have high mechanical flexibility, high energy density, and good electrochemical performance, making them suitable for supercapacitor applications. However, the self-stacking of MXene layers results in the loss of electrochemically active sites. Structural optimization and composite doping are effective strategies to enhance the electrochemical performance of MXenes. This review summarizes recent advances in MXene synthesis, fundamental properties, and composite materials, focusing on their electrochemical performance and the challenges and opportunities they face in the energy storage field.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Wei Peng et al.
Summary: A general synthetic strategy was reported for engineering single-metal sites on 3D porous N, P codoped Ti3C2Tx nanosheets, resulting in highly active and stable electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yan Kong et al.
Summary: This study reports a novel NRR electrocatalyst with a single Zn(I) site supported on hollow porous N-doped carbon nanofibers, exhibiting outstanding NRR activity in alkaline media for high NH3 yield rate. The atomically dispersed Zn(I) sites are likely the active sites, and the nearby graphitic N site facilitates the NRR process. In-situ measurements and theoretical calculations reveal that the formation of initial *NNH intermediate is the rate-limiting step, and the graphitic N atoms adjacent to Zn-N-4 moieties lower the energy barrier to accelerate hydrogenation kinetics during NRR.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Erhuan Zhang et al.
Summary: Rarely reported is the in-depth understanding of local atomic environment-property relationships of p-block metal single-atom catalysts towards the 2e(-) oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In this study, a heteroatom-modified In-based metal-organic framework-assisted approach is developed to synthesize an optimal catalyst, In SAs/NSBC, with accurately anchored single In atoms supported by hollow carbon rods. The catalyst exhibits a high H2O2 selectivity and unprecedented production rates in different electrolytes, providing practical guidance for H2O2 electrosynthesis and enabling the design of high-performance single-atom materials.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hongfei Gu et al.
Summary: This review highlights the applications of atomically dispersed metal sites (ADMSs) in energy and environmental fields, as well as methods for constructing highly stable and well-defined ADMSs. MXenes, as a new series of 2D nanomaterials, show promising potential in stabilizing isolated metal atoms, and can be applied in various fields.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Hui Zeng et al.
Summary: A nature-inspired multi-interfacial engineering strategy was proposed for constructing a stable and efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production system. By forming a multivariate all-solid-state Z-scheme through Ti orbit modulation and stacking hybridization, efficient electron transfer and separation were achieved, dramatically enhancing charge separation efficiency.
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Yao Wang et al.
Summary: Metal-based electrocatalysts with different sizes have shown different catalytic behaviors, and regulating the coordination environment of active sites is crucial for designing efficient electrocatalysts. This review summarizes the recent progress in heterogeneous supported single atoms, nanoclusters, and nanoparticles catalysts, proposing key factors for enhancing electrocatalytic performance and discussing current challenges and future opportunities in this field.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Runze Li et al.
Summary: This article discusses the key factors affecting the catalytic performance of metal-based atomically dispersed catalysts and their relationship with the active sites. It first introduces the effectiveness of active site design through coordination effects, then discusses the role of chemical bonds in the active sites and the influence of the spacing of active atoms in intermetallic compounds on catalytic behavior. Additionally, the importance of synergistic effects in catalyst design is emphasized, and the key parameters affecting catalytic performance at the atomic scale are summarized.
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Wei-Xin Huang et al.
Summary: This review provides an updated overview of the research progress on Ti3C2 MXene and its composites, including their fundamentals, synthesis, and applications. The study found that the diverse applications of Ti3C2-based composites are closely related to their unique physicochemical properties.
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Hongfei Gu et al.
Summary: This paper summarizes the recent breakthroughs in designing atomically dispersed metal catalysts (ADMCs) for electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (eNRR), providing necessary information for the further development of eNRR and ADMCs.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Senlin Chu et al.
Summary: This study demonstrates the synergistic electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to C2H4 at low overpotentials achieved by coupling single Sb atoms and oxygen vacancies of CuO. The highly dispersed Sb atoms greatly enhance the overall CO2 reduction efficiency and the selectivity towards C2H4.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yongwen Ren et al.
Summary: This article provides a timely and comprehensive review of emerging strategies for activating the inert N-2 molecule for NH3 electrosynthesis. The physicochemical properties and microelectronic structure of the N-2 molecule are analyzed, along with the microscopic electronic effects of electrocatalysts. The driving forces of macroscopic external fields and local microenvironment regulation-induced built-in electrostatic fields for assisting N-2 activation are also discussed. Future research directions and opportunities for improving N-2 activation and stimulating the practical application of NRR technology are explored.
ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Janis Timoshenko et al.
Summary: X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a crucial method for investigating the structure and composition of heterogeneous catalysts, revealing the nature of active sites and establishing links between structural motifs, local electronic structure, and catalytic properties. Recent advancements in instrumentation and data analysis approaches for deciphering X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra have been discussed, with emphasis on applications in the field of heterogeneous catalysis, particularly in electrocatalysis.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Lili Han et al.
Summary: The study focuses on optimizing the local structures of single-atomic active sites for the N-2 reduction reaction through controlling Mn-O bonding conditions. By constructing single Mn-O3N1 sites anchored on porous carbon, an enhanced NH3 yield rate was achieved, attributed to unique geometry and electronic structures that facilitate N-2 molecule adsorption and activation.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yan Li et al.
Summary: This study presents a hybrid catalyst with atomic iron sites anchored on a N,O-doped porous carbon matrix, demonstrating enhanced efficiency and yield for nitrogen reduction reaction.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Ying Sun et al.
Summary: Electrocatalytic N-2 reduction has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and environmental pollution, but faces challenges in conversion efficiency. Main group metal-based catalysts show promising prospects for ammonia production, but a comprehensive review of their applications in electrochemical ammonia production is still lacking.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Huidong Shen et al.
Summary: NH3 production currently relies on the energy-intensive Haber-Bosch process, but electrochemical NH3 synthesis powered by renewable electricity offers a promising carbon-neutral and sustainable strategy. However, significant enhancements in energy efficiency, conversion rate, and durability are still needed, achievable only through the design of efficient electrocatalysts.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yu Gu et al.
Summary: Studying atomic interface regulation for optimizing single-atom catalysts proves to be a worthwhile research topic, with the successful preparation of a novel W-NO/NC catalyst through the introduction of an oxygen-bridged [WO4] tetrahedron. This catalyst demonstrates excellent selectivity and activity for the electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction, highlighting the importance of coordination structure in influencing properties.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Laiquan Li et al.
Summary: In this review, we critically evaluate the application of main-group elements in electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction, present methodologies for N2 activation and HER suppression, and demonstrate the potential of MGEs-based mechanisms for smart design. The conclusion shows that MGEs can significantly enhance electrochemical N2 fixation.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Qianru Wang et al.
Summary: The authors introduce ternary ruthenium complex hydrides of lithium and barium as alternative catalysts for ammonia production, which activate dinitrogen via a lower-energy path and exhibit superior kinetics under mild conditions.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Gaoxin Lin et al.
Summary: Manipulating the electronic configuration of electrocatalysts is vital in enhancing metal-nitrogen bonds formation, boosting the nitrogen reduction reaction kinetics, and increasing the efficiency of ammonia synthesis.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Guilan Fan et al.
Summary: The nanoporous NiSb alloy is reported as an efficient electrocatalyst for N-2 fixation, achieving high ammonia yield rate and Faradaic efficiency. Density functional theory calculations reveal the advantages of NiSb alloy in N-2 hydrogenation, providing a promising strategy for enhancing the reduction of inert molecules.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yilong Zhao et al.
Summary: Inspired by biological nitrogenases, a bimetallic sulfide material was synthesized as an efficient N-2 reduction catalyst, with a high NH3 production rate and demonstrated reaction mechanism.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2021)
Editorial Material
Materials Science, Ceramics
Yury Gogotsi
AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY BULLETIN
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xudong Peng et al.
Summary: The study presents a facile and fast method to prepare honeycomb-like silicon-based anodes using MXene and carbon-coated silicon. The composite material provides dual protection to improve the volume expansion of silicon and enhance the mechanical stability of the electrode. Experimental results demonstrate high storage capacity, high Coulombic efficiency, and good cyclic performance.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yingping Pang et al.
Summary: This article focuses on the electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) using two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials as electrocatalysts, aiming to promote the sustainable production of NH3. The key metrics pursued in NRR, including the superior selectivity, activity, and stability of electrocatalysts, are highlighted in the study.
CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS
(2021)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Armin Vahid Mohammadi et al.
Summary: MXenes, a family of two-dimensional materials, have diverse properties and wide-ranging applications in areas such as optics, catalysis, sensing, and medicine. Future research directions will focus on deepening the fundamental understanding of MXenes properties and exploring their potential for hybridization with other 2D materials.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yongwen Ren et al.
Summary: The translation provides an overview of the current status and challenges of the electrocatalytic N-2 reduction reaction (NRR) for ammonia synthesis, focusing on strategies for inhibiting the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) to achieve high NRR selectivity. The article also discusses strategies for suppressing H-2 evolution based on NRR mechanisms, kinetics, thermodynamics, and electrocatalyst design.
ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shuai Liu et al.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2020)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Federica Frati et al.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Chade Lv et al.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Huishan Shang et al.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2020)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
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Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Vladislav Kamysbayev et al.
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Multidisciplinary Sciences
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NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
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Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
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Chemistry, Physical
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Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
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ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2019)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2019)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
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NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
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Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
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ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2019)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mengfan Wang et al.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
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Chemistry, Physical
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Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
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Article
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Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
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CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS
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Chemistry, Physical
Bryan H. R. Suryanto et al.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
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ADVANCED MATERIALS
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Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
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Review
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Philip P. Power
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
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