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Review
Chemistry, Physical
Wasim Akram et al.
Summary: The single electrode mode (SE-mode) of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) is easy to operate and has a simple configuration. This review summarizes the construction, applications, output performances, performance enhancing approaches, and durability of film-based SE-TENGs with various electrode materials and textile-based SE-TENGs with different fabric structures as electrodes. The challenges and future developments in SE-TENGs are also discussed.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Chendong Zhao et al.
Summary: In this study, Mo2S3 nanowires were designed and synthesized with high conductivity and a high aspect ratio. An ultrathin Mo2S3 nanowire network was fabricated using a liquid/liquid interface self-assembly method, which showed high piezoresistive sensitivity, a low pressure detection limit, and good air permeability. The nanowire network could be directly attached to human skin for real-time human pulse detection, finger movement monitoring, and sign language recognition, showing great potential for health monitoring and human-machine interactions.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Bujingda Zheng et al.
Summary: 3D conformable electronic devices on freeform surfaces have superior performance and have witnessed exponential growth in various applications. However, their potential is limited by a lack of advanced fabrication techniques. To overcome this challenge, a new direct freeform laser fabrication method for directly fabricating 3D conformable electronics on targeted arbitrary surfaces is reported.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ruoxi Yang et al.
Summary: In this study, a programmable fabrication method was proposed to integrate an ultrathin ionic layer into a pressure sensor, achieving excellent linearity, high sensitivity, and ultrahigh pressure resolution under large pressure preloads. The optimized sensor exhibited a sensitivity of 33.7 kPa(-1) over a linear range of 1700 kPa, a detection limit of 0.36 Pa, and a pressure resolution of 0.00725% under 2000 kPa pressure. The sensor showed rapid response/recovery and excellent repeatability, and it was applied to subtle pulse detection, interactive robotic hand, and ultrahigh-resolution smart weight scale/chair.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Li Yang et al.
Summary: Soft, deformable electronic devices lack intrinsic thermal switching and self-healing capability, limiting their practical utility. This study reports the design concepts, materials and physics, manufacturing approaches, and application opportunities of self-healing, reconfigurable, thermal-switching device platforms based on hyperbranched polymers and biphasic liquid metal. The self-healing platform provides excellent self-healing performance and tunable stiffness and adhesion, while the liquid metal platform offers extreme stretchability and high conductivity. These platforms enable non-invasive, continuous health monitoring and the assembly of multifunctional circuit components on curved surfaces.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Fang Yuan et al.
Summary: This study developed a versatile electronic skin that can detect and differentiate various mechanical stimuli. The electronic skin integrates thermoelectric graphene/PDMS sponge with a piezoelectric array, allowing it to distinguish between in-plane and out-of-plane forces. The skin also has good temperature sensing ability. Additionally, a wireless temperature sensing system was proposed, and the skin demonstrated promising applications in recognizing shear directions and robotic grippers.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xiaoshuang Lv et al.
Summary: Smart fibers have great potential for the fabrication of wearable electronic skins due to their flexibility, light weight, large surface area, and ease of modification. Incorporating sensing capabilities into smart fibers enables the development of self-powered electronic skins. This review summarizes the recent advancements in self-powered electronic skins constructed with smart fibers, including functional material selection, structural design, pressure sensing mechanism, and proof-to-concept demonstration to practical application. It also discusses the challenges and promising perspectives for the development of fiber-based electronic skins.
ADVANCED FIBER MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yuxiang Li et al.
Summary: The study introduces a flexible and strain-suppressed pressure-temperature dual-modal sensor based on conductive and microstructured metal-organic framework films, with excellent properties for pressure sensing and temperature sensitivity. The sensor has great potential applications in electronic skin and smart prosthetics due to its effective perception in static and dynamic surroundings.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xiaole Ma et al.
Summary: This study presents a pressure-temperature bimodal tactile sensor that combines optics and electronics to simultaneously sense pressure and temperature without involving complex algorithms and calculations. The device exhibits high temperature sensitivity and visualizes applied forces, making it suitable for applications in robotics for encrypted communication, temperature, and pressure monitoring.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Siyoung Lee et al.
Summary: A skin-attachable acoustic sensor with high sensing accuracy and a wide auditory range is presented in this study. It maintains high sound-detection quality on flexible substrates and in a wide temperature range. The sensor shows significant potential for auditory electronic skin.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Zhige Tu et al.
Summary: In this study, flexible interdigital capacitive sensors (FICSs) were successfully manufactured using parametric design and 3D printing. The sensors showed excellent electromechanical behaviors with high sensitivity to strain, wide working range, and stable performance at different stretching speeds. Moreover, they demonstrated a long service life and excellent capability for detecting human movement.
SMART MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Young-Eun Shin et al.
Summary: In this study, a highly sensitive self-powered multimodal sensor based on an interlocked ferroelectric copolymer microstructure is presented. The sensor enables simultaneous detection of mechanical and thermal stimuli, with enhanced output performance and real-time monitoring capability.
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Junyi Cai et al.
Summary: Accurate and real-time detection of human body temperature changes is crucial. Traditional thermometers have limitations, and there is a need to develop more breathable, deformable, and economically available functional materials. Fiber materials have attracted attention due to their soft, flexible, and porous features.
ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Kyoung-Ho Ha et al.
Summary: Capacitive pressure sensors are critical in soft robotics and bioelectronics. However, practical application of soft CPS still faces challenges of sensitivity decay and coupled response between in-plane stretch and out-of-plane pressure.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Miaomiao Zhu et al.
Summary: A novel interface protective strategy is reported in this article to develop intrinsically self-healing fibrous membranes with a bionic confined structure, which are further assembled into an all-fiber structured electronic skin. The electronic skin is multifunctional with self-powering, self-healing, breathability, stretchability, and thermochromism functionalities.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Shengying Cai et al.
Summary: The graphene fiber fabric, as a sensing patch, offers high sensitivity and breathability, opening up new possibilities for electrochemical monitoring.
Article
Physics, Applied
Cheng Zhang et al.
Summary: This study demonstrates a low-cost, scalable, and facile manufacturing approach for a self-powered wireless sensing platform based on laser-induced graphene foams, which efficiently harvest mechanical energy and provide stable power output. Integration of triboelectric nanogenerators and micro-supercapacitor arrays enables driving various stretchable sensors and wireless transmission modules wirelessly to monitor physiological and biochemical signals.
APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ming Lei et al.
Summary: This study developed a breathable and waterproof electronic skin that can perceive pressure/strain with nonoverlapping signals. The optimized E-skin exhibits high sensitivity and a broad detection range, making it suitable for body motion monitoring and human-machine interactions. This technology offers a more convenient and intelligent future.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wonbeom Lee et al.
Summary: An elastic printed circuit board (E-PCB) is a conductive framework used for the assembly of stretchable electronics. This study presents a method using a liquid metal particle network (LMPNet) as an elastic conductor, which satisfies all the requirements for E-PCBs. The LMPNet enables the fabrication of high-density E-PCBs, allowing the integration of numerous electronic components to create highly stretchable skin electronics.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ruoxi Yang et al.
Summary: This article introduces the emerging highly sensitive and multimodal sensors for various applications in epidermal electronics, robotics, health monitoring devices, and human-machine interfaces. It emphasizes the importance of material selection and sensor structure design in decoupling sensing mechanisms, and discusses methods to decouple different input signals for truly multimodal sensors, as well as strategies for interference suppression and signal correction.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Heng Zhang et al.
Summary: This study presents the design of a chromotropic ionic skin that can detect and decouple multiple external stimuli, including strain, temperature, and pressure. The ionic skin shows highly sensitive responses to selective stimuli while remaining insensitive to unwanted ones.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Simok Lee et al.
Summary: An adaptive robotic skin is proposed with high sensitivity and broad bandwidth, providing enhanced pressure sensing ability beyond human skin through mode conversion, achieving higher sensitivity and wider bandwidth compared to human skin.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Pei Li et al.
Summary: This study successfully developed large-area iontronic pressure sensors that mimic human skin by integrating microstructured iontronic force-sensitive films and in-plane interdigital electrodes. The sensors achieve high sensitivity, ultra-broad range, and remarkable reproducibility through the introduction of pressure-dependent unit area capacitance. They have potential applications in health monitoring and wearable electronics.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Wang Hong et al.
Summary: In this study, an optimally well organized silver nanowire micromesh electrode embedded in biodegradable poly(L- lactic acid) was prepared without a template. The electrode exhibited excellent electrical homogeneity and stability, rapid response time, and highly homogeneous temperature distribution. It showed great potential in the fields of thermal management and EMI shielding.
ACS APPLIED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
He Zhu et al.
Summary: A multifunctional polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel sensor with wearable, fast-healing, and self-adhesive properties was designed in this study. The sensor has high self-healing efficiency and strong adhesion, making it suitable for strain and temperature sensing. It can monitor human motion over a wide strain range and measure body temperature, showing potential application in photothermal therapy.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Bowen Sun et al.
Summary: This study reports a scalable and easily fabricated Ag nanowires bundle micro-meshes embedded in polyimide conducting film, which exhibits high thermal stability, low sheet resistance variation, and good corrosion and deformation resistance. As an electrical heater, the conducting film can achieve high temperature with a fast thermal response time, and it also maintains good heating stability under bent conditions.
NPJ FLEXIBLE ELECTRONICS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yuxiang Li et al.
Summary: This study introduces a flexible pressure-temperature dual-modal sensor that can detect and differentiate pressure and temperature effectively, with strain-suppressed properties and high sensitivity. Theoretical calculations successfully analyzed the non-interfering mechanism between pressure and temperature.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Guangyong Li et al.
Summary: The article introduces a new method for preparing LM wires and applying them to achieve stretchable conductors and capacitors with high stretchability and precision. In addition, the proposed wearable devices and biomedical sensors offer potential assistance and applications in the healthcare field.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ashok Chhetry et al.
Summary: The research demonstrates the development of a highly sensitive dual-modal temperature and strain sensor platform using black phosphorus and laser-engraved graphene, which can modulate the sensing functionality of e-skin. The unique hybridized sensor design enables efficient and accurate measurement of each parameter without interference.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yunjian Guo et al.
Summary: Flexible sensors play a crucial role in electronic skin technology, with carbon materials showing excellent performance in this field. Researchers are focusing on developing multifunctional flexible sensors, while integrating diverse cutting-edge technologies can lead to more advanced e-skin systems.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jing Qin et al.
Summary: Sensors that can simulate human skin have gained extensive attention, with flexible capacitive sensors playing a key role in various fields. The design of microstructures is crucial for improving sensitivity, with five commonly used microstructures for pressure sensors and four for strain sensors. The advantages, disadvantages, and practical values of different structures are systematically elaborated to guide the development of advanced flexible and stretchable capacitive sensors.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ning Yi et al.
Summary: A new fabrication strategy for printing functional circuits directly onto 3D freeform surfaces has been proposed in this research, with the ability to transform transient devices into long-lasting devices. The viability of this technology in integrating sensors and wireless communication components was demonstrated on 3D glass beakers and seashells with complex surface geometries.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lijing Zheng et al.
Summary: A coaxial wet-spinning process was used to fabricate intrinsically stretchable, highly conductive, and conductance-stable liquid metal sheath-core microfibers, which can be stretched up to 1170% and maintain high conductivity with minimal resistance change. These microfibers can be woven into everyday gloves or fabrics, serving as efficient joule heaters, electrothermochromic displays, and self-powered wearable sensors for monitoring human activities.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yijia Yang et al.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jun Ho Lee et al.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zhao Wang et al.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Miaomiao Zhu et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xiaodong Wu et al.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Fengchao Li et al.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Uzma Salmaz et al.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yang Wang et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Insang You et al.
Article
Robotics
Guozhen Li et al.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Sungwoo Chun et al.
ACS ENERGY LETTERS
(2019)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jun Chang Yang et al.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2019)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Huanhuan Liu et al.
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
(2019)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Qian Zhang et al.
Article
Physics, Applied
Hee-Sup Shin et al.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2018)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jin-Hoon Kim et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Qilin Hua et al.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2018)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Clementine M. Boutry et al.
NATURE ELECTRONICS
(2018)
Review
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Hao Sun et al.
NATURE REVIEWS MATERIALS
(2017)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Seung-Rok Kim et al.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2017)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Gwangmook Kim et al.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2017)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Songa Chae et al.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2016)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wei Gao et al.
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Alex Chortos et al.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zhong Lin Wang et al.
ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
(2015)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Daniela Rus et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jonghwa Park et al.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jonghwa Park et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dae-Hyeong Kim et al.
