4.8 Article

High Quantum Yield Shortwave Infrared Luminescent Tracers for Improved Sorting of Plastic Waste

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ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
卷 15, 期 37, 页码 43985-43993

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AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07387

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phosphor; molybdate; crystalstructure; downshifting; quantum yield; plastic waste recycling

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To achieve more complete recycling of plastic waste, the development of new technologies beyond the state-of-the-art is necessary. Tracer-based sorting, which utilizes the luminescence of special tracers, can enable the identification and separation of different types of plastics based on their reflectance and luminescence spectra.
More complete recycling of plastic waste is possible only if new technologies that go beyond state-of-the-art near-infrared (NIR) sorting are developed. For example, tracer-based sorting is a new technology that explores the upconversion or down-shift luminescence of special tracers based on inorganic materials codoped with lanthanide ions. Specifically, down-shift tracers emit in the shortwave infrared (SWIR) spectral range and can be detected using a SWIR camera preinstalled in a state-of-the-art sorting machine for NIR sorting. In this study, we synthesized a very efficient SWIR tracer by codoping Li3Ba2Gd3 (MoO4)(8) with Yb3+ and Er3+, where Yb3+ is a synthesizer ion (excited near 976 nm) and Er3+ emits near 1550 nm. Fine-tuning of the doping concentration resulted in a tracer (Li3Ba2Gd(3-x-y)(MoO4)(8):xYb(3+), yEr(3+), where x = 0.2 and y = 0.4) with a high photoluminescence quantum yield for 1550 nm emission of 70% (using 976 nm excitation). This tracer was used to mark plastic objects. When the object was illuminated by a halogen lamp and a 976 nm laser, the three parts could be easily distinguished based on reflectance and luminescence spectra in the SWIR range: a plastic bottle made of polyethylene terephthalate, a bottle cap made of high-density polyethylene, and a label made of the tracer Li3Ba2Gd3(MoO4)(8):Yb3+, Er3+. Importantly, the use of the tracer in sorting may require only the installation of a 976 nm laser in a state-of-the-art NIR sorting system.

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