Fabrication and Evaluation of Anticancer Potential of Eugenol Incorporated Chitosan-Silver Nanocomposites: In Vitro, In Vivo, and InSilico Studies

The expanding global cancer burden necessitates a comprehensive strategy to promote possible therapeutic interventions. Nanomedicine is a cutting-edge approach for treating cancer with minimal adverse effects. In the present study, chitosan-silver nanoparticles (ChAgNPs) containing Eugenol (EGN) were synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer activity against breast cancer cells (MCF-7). The physical, pharmacological, and molecular docking studies were used to characterize these nanoparticles. EGN had been effectively entrapped into hybrid NPs (84 +/- 7%). The EGN-ChAgNPs had a diameter of 128 +/- 14 nm, a PDI of 0.472 +/- 0.118, and a zeta potential of 30.58 +/- 6.92 mV. Anticancer activity was measured in vitro using an SRB assay, and the findings revealed that EGN-ChAgNPs demonstrated stronger anticancer activity against MCF-7 cells (IC50 = 14.87 +/- 5.34 mu g/ml) than pure EGN (30.72 +/- 4.91 mu g/ml). To support initial cytotoxicity findings, advanced procedures such as cell cycle analysis and genotoxicity were performed. Tumor weight reduction and survival rate were determined using different groups of mice. Both survival rates and tumor weight reduction were higher in the EGN-ChAgNPs (12.5 mg/kg) treated group than in the pure EGN treated group. Based on protein-ligand interactions, it might be proposed that eugenol had a favorable interaction with Aurora Kinase A. It was observed that C9 had the highest HYDE score of any sample, measuring at -6.8 kJ/mol. These results, in conjunction with physical and pharmacological evaluations, implies that EGN-ChAgNPs may be a suitable drug delivery method for treating breast cancer in a safe and efficient way.

Automated summary

This study synthesized chitosan-silver nanoparticles (ChAgNPs) containing Eugenol (EGN) and evaluated their anticancer activity against breast cancer cells (MCF-7). The findings demonstrated that EGN-ChAgNPs exhibited stronger anticancer activity than pure EGN. Cell cycle analysis and genotoxicity experiments supported the initial cytotoxicity results. Mouse experiments also showed a reduction in tumor weight and improved survival rate in the EGN-ChAgNPs treated group. Based on protein-ligand interactions, EGN was found to have a favorable interaction with Aurora Kinase A. Overall, these results suggest that EGN-ChAgNPs may be a safe and efficient drug delivery method for breast cancer treatment.