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Review
Medical Laboratory Technology
Andrea Vianello et al.
Summary: Pulmonary fibrosis is a key component of the post-acute COVID-19 syndrome that may complicate patients' clinical course. Available data suggest that more than a third of hospitalized COVID-19 patients develop lung fibrotic abnormalities after discharge. Research highlights the importance of risk factors and biomarkers for PF in COVID-19 survivors.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Virology
Gabriele d'Ettorre et al.
Summary: Post-Covid-19 syndrome can significantly impact the health conditions of surviving patients, with a wide range of patients experiencing long-term multiorgan sequelae. Rehabilitation and follow-up in multidisciplinary programs should be considered for working-age patients.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Respiratory System
Sy Duong-Quy et al.
Summary: This case report emphasizes the importance of using therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) for the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in pregnant women with severe COVID-19 infection. The patient received various treatments, including mechanical ventilation and TPE, while closely monitoring the condition of the fetus through ultrasound examinations. Eventually, the patient's respiratory condition and inflammatory biomarkers normalized, leading to the successful delivery of a healthy fetus.
Review
Immunology
Hayder M. Al-kuraishy et al.
Summary: Pirfenidone, an anti-fibrotic drug, has the potential to manage post-Covid-19 pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting inflammatory cell accumulation, fibroblast proliferation, and extracellular matrix deposition. It also modulates signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Its anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties may attenuate post-Covid-19 pulmonary fibrosis.
INFLAMMOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Kerget Bugra et al.
Summary: The study examines the efficacy of anti-fibrotic therapy in patients who developed pulmonary fibrosis after COVID-19. The results show significant improvements in pulmonary function and walking ability after 12 weeks of treatment. Therefore, anti-fibrotic therapy should be considered for chronic COVID-19 patients who continue to experience respiratory difficulties and low saturation.
BRATISLAVA MEDICAL JOURNAL-BRATISLAVSKE LEKARSKE LISTY
(2022)
Review
Respiratory System
Jong Hyuk Lee et al.
Summary: The prevalence of pulmonary sequelae of COVID-19, such as impaired diffusion capacity and pulmonary fibrosis, remains significant even after 1 year of recovery. The severity of the initial COVID-19 infection is associated with the development of these sequelae. Close respiratory follow-up is necessary for patients who recover from severe COVID-19.
RESPIRATORY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Chaolin Huang et al.
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the long-term health consequences of discharged COVID-19 patients and associated risk factors, particularly disease severity. Patients with more severe illness during hospitalization showed more severe impaired pulmonary diffusion capacities and abnormal chest imaging manifestations, highlighting the need for targeted interventions for long-term recovery.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Xiaoyu Han et al.
Summary: The study found that over one-third of severe COVID-19 patients showed fibrotic-like changes in the lung at 6-month follow-up CT, which were associated with older age, acute respiratory distress syndrome, longer hospital stays, tachycardia, noninvasive mechanical ventilation, and higher initial chest CT score.
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Waqaar Shah et al.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mattia Bellan et al.
Summary: The study examined the prevalence of lung function, exercise function, and psychological sequelae among survivors of severe COVID-19 four months after discharge. Over half of patients experienced reduced lung capacity, one-fifth had functional impairment, and about one-fifth showed symptoms of posttraumatic stress. These findings suggest that a significant proportion of COVID-19 survivors may continue to experience respiratory, functional, or psychological issues months after hospital discharge.
Review
Rehabilitation
Victoria A. Goodwin et al.
Summary: The study found that progressive exercise programs, early mobilization, and multicomponent interventions conducted in the ICU can improve functional independence, but the evidence for rehabilitation after discharge from the ICU is inconclusive. Patients value rehabilitation, as it brings hope and confidence.
Review
Rehabilitation
Sara Reina-Gutierrez et al.
Summary: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted to determine the effect of pulmonary rehabilitation on functional capacity and quality of life in interstitial lung diseases. The results showed that pulmonary rehabilitation had significant improvements in lung function, exercise capacity, health related quality of life, and dyspnea in interstitial lung disease patients. The findings suggest that pulmonary rehabilitation could be considered as an effective therapeutic strategy for improving the functional capacity and quality of life in these patients.
ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION
(2021)
Review
Respiratory System
Ruben J. Mylvaganam et al.
Summary: Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19, such as pulmonary fibrosis, may affect 10-30% of survivors and be associated with major morbidity. Mechanistic understanding of PASC-pulmonary fibrosis is crucial for determining therapeutic options and requires well-designed cohort studies and prospective clinical registries.
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY REVIEW
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Destin Groff et al.
Summary: This systematic review found that more than half of COVID-19 survivors experienced PASC 6 months after recovery, with the most common effects being functional mobility impairments, pulmonary abnormalities, and mental health disorders.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ani Nalbandian et al.
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, causing global healthcare crises. Recovery from COVID-19 may lead to persistent symptoms and long-term complications, prompting the need for multidisciplinary care and follow-up for survivors.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
David T. Arnold et al.
Summary: The study found that high KL-6 levels at 12 weeks were associated with persisting CT abnormalities (GGO/fibrosis), suggesting a need for further exploration. KL-6 may help differentiate patients with persisting dyspnoea due to complications rather than deconditioning or dysfunctional breathing alone, posing an important future research question.
Article
Respiratory System
Claire F. McGroder et al.
Summary: Patients who underwent mechanical ventilation for severe COVID-19 are more likely to develop fibrotic-like radiographic abnormalities after hospitalisation. The severity of initial illness, duration of mechanical ventilation, lactate dehydrogenase on admission, and leucocyte telomere length are independent risk factors for these abnormalities, which are correlated with lung function, cough, and frailty measures, but not with dyspnoea.
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Xiaojun Wu et al.
Summary: Most patients recovering from severe COVID-19 showed improvement in dyspnoea scores and exercise capacity over time, but a subgroup of patients still exhibited persistent physiological and radiographic changes at 12 months post-discharge. A unified pathway for respiratory follow-up is needed for COVID-19 patients.
LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Respiratory System
Suzana Erico Tanni et al.
Summary: There is limited understanding of the risk factors, histopathology, and pathophysiology of post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis. Serial clinical screening for pulmonary fibrosis is recommended after COVID-19, and further research is needed to determine the risk factors and appropriate management of post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis.
EXPERT REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Ding-Hui Peng et al.
Summary: This study found that serum KL-6 concentration was significantly elevated in severe COVID-19 patients, positively correlated with C-reactive protein and negatively correlated with lymphocytes count. On the other hand, no obvious increase in serum Fn concentration was observed among COVID-19 patients with different phenotypes. Severe cases had a higher incidence rate of pulmonary fibrosis at hospital discharge, and COVID-19 cases with PF had higher serum KL-6 values.
CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Alison E. John et al.
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic started in late 2019 in Wuhan City, China and has since spread worldwide. The disease, caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus, primarily affects the respiratory system but can also impact other bodily systems. Patients may develop features of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, raising questions about the long-term effects and progression of the disease.
IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alessia Mongelli et al.
Summary: COVID-19 infection leads to a range of severe sequelae, including a significant increase in biological age and telomere shortening. These sequelae are particularly pronounced in younger patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Joshua J. Solomon et al.
Summary: The acute course of COVID-19 varies from asymptomatic infection to fulminant respiratory failure, with potential long-term lung disease including persistent symptoms and CT abnormalities. Treatments under investigation include antifibrotic agents for prevention of lung fibrosis after COVID-19.
Review
Respiratory System
R. Torres-Castro et al.
Summary: Research found that lung function of patients post-COVID-19 infection may be impaired, with diffusion capacity being the most affected, and respiratory function tests including DLCO, restrictive pattern, and obstructive pattern.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
J. Alarcon-Rodriguez et al.
Summary: Most patients who recover from SARS-CoV-2 do not require specific follow-up, but those with moderate to severe cases may need clinicalradiological monitoring. While there are limited guidelines for long-term follow-up of post-COVID-19 patients, hospitals are conducting radiological exams and setting up specialized consultations to meet their needs. This study aims to share experiences and propose general follow-up recommendations for post-COVID-19 patients from a clinical and radiological perspective.
Article
Respiratory System
Swapna Mandal et al.
Summary: Following discharge from hospital, a significant number of COVID-19 patients continue to experience persistent symptoms such as breathlessness, cough, fatigue, and depression. Some patients also show elevated levels of biomarkers indicating ongoing health issues. Chest radiographs reveal abnormalities in a considerable portion of patients, with a small percentage showing deterioration.
Article
Respiratory System
Istvan Vadasz et al.
Summary: Various forms of diffuse parenchymal lung disease have been proposed as potential consequences of severe COVID-19, including severe organising pneumonia. Understanding these implications may help improve therapeutic modalities in the late-phase of severe COVID-19, and shed light on why a subgroup of patients benefit from systemic corticosteroids.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Dorina Esendagli et al.
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 has caused a global pandemic with COVID-19 characterized by multi-system manifestations and pulmonary system dominance. Post-COVID syndrome poses challenges in predicting outcomes and managing complications, especially related to pulmonary complications and fibrosis. This review summarizes current findings on pulmonary complications post-COVID and their management.
TURKISH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Critical Care Medicine
Yoshikazu Inoue et al.
Letter
Infectious Diseases
Xiaofan Liu et al.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
(2020)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Chaomin Wu et al.
JAMA INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2020)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Peter M. George et al.
LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2020)
Letter
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Francesco Gentile et al.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY
(2020)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Marlies Wijsenbeek et al.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2020)
Review
Respiratory System
Peter M. George et al.
Article
Deependra Kumar Rai et al.
Indian Journal of Tuberculosis
(2020)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sachin Chaudhary et al.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ui Won Ko et al.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ling Leng et al.
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY
(2020)
Article
Respiratory System
Pierre Kory et al.
BMJ OPEN RESPIRATORY RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Respiratory System
Hee-Young Yoon et al.
RESPIRATORY RESEARCH
(2018)
Review
Respiratory System
Ellen L. Burnham et al.
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL
(2014)
Review
Respiratory System
J. J. Egan
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY REVIEW
(2011)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Paolo Pelosi et al.
INTENSIVE CARE MEDICINE
(2008)
