State Estimation Models of Lithium-Ion Batteries for Battery Management System: Status, Challenges, and Future Trends

The state estimation technology of lithium-ion batteries is one of the core functions elements of the battery management system (BMS), and it is an academic hotspot related to the functionality and safety of the battery for electric vehicles. This paper comprehensively reviews the research status, technical challenges, and development trends of state estimation of lithium-ion batteries. First, the key issues and technical challenges of battery state estimation are summarized from three aspects of characteristics, models, and algorithms, and the technical challenges in state estimation are deeply analyzed. Second, four typical battery states (state of health, state of charge, state of energy, and state of power) and their joint estimation methods are reviewed, and feasible estimation frameworks are proposed, respectively. Finally, the development trends of state estimation are prospected. Advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence and cloud networking have further reshaped battery state estimation, bringing new methods to estimate the state of the battery under complex and extreme operating conditions. The research results provide a valuable reference for battery state estimation in the next-generation battery management system.

Automated summary

This paper comprehensively reviews the research status, technical challenges, and development trends of state estimation of lithium-ion batteries, which is a core function in the battery management system. It summarizes the key issues and technical challenges in battery state estimation and provides a deep analysis of these challenges. The paper also reviews the joint estimation methods for four typical battery states and proposes feasible estimation frameworks. Furthermore, it discusses the prospect of state estimation development and the influence of advanced technologies like artificial intelligence and cloud networking.