Adsorption of methyl red from aqueous solution using Bali cow bones (Bos javanicus domesticus) hydrochar powder

Beef consumption produces a lot of bone waste. Here, We prepared Bali cow bones-based hydrochar material (BCBHP) using the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) method. The resulting BCBHP material was then char-acterized using XRD, FTIR, FESEM-EDX, and BET-BJH. Next, the BCBHP was applied to adsorb methyl red in water samples. Adsorption was carried out using a bath system. Adsorption of methyl red persisted optimum for 30 min at pH 6 at 303.15 K, with a capacity of 7.2 mg g-1. The Zeta potential of BCBHP is-24.4 mV suggesting a higher electrostatic attraction between methyl red dye and BCBHP surface. Methyl red adsorption fitted with pseudo-second-order kinetics model. Adsorption of Methyl red dye on BCBHP follows the Freundlich isotherm model and is well described by a heterolayer adsorption pattern. Thermodynamic studies show that adsorption processes are spontaneous, exothermic, and chemisorption reactions. Moreover, BCBHP has an excellent reus-ability performance that could be used as a promising adsorbent for dye removal in wastewater treatment.

Automated summary

Beef consumption generates a significant amount of bone waste. In this study, Bali cow bones-based hydrochar material (BCBHP) was prepared using the hydrothermal carbonization method. The BCBHP material was characterized using various techniques. It was found that BCBHP exhibited high adsorption capacity for methyl red in water samples under specific conditions. The adsorption mechanisms and properties of BCBHP were also investigated and it showed promising potential for dye removal in wastewater treatment.