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Article
Respiratory System
Arutha Kulasinghe et al.
Summary: Spatial transcriptomics is a powerful tool to identify novel gene signatures within tissues, offering new insights into the pathogenesis of SARS-COV-2 to aid in patient triage and treatment. This study used targeted transcriptomics of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue to examine the pulmonary transcriptional landscape of COVID-19 patients. The results showed significant upregulation of genes associated with inflammation, type I interferon production, coagulation, and angiogenesis in the lungs of COVID-19 patients compared to non-infected controls. Additionally, the study found that the gene IFI27, previously identified as a useful blood biomarker for differentiating bacterial and viral lung infections, was significantly upregulated in the lungs of COVID-19 patients compared to patients with influenza.
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Anneliese S. Ashhurst et al.
Summary: The study identifies cathepsin L as a key protease used by coronaviruses for cell entry and a potential drug target for antiviral treatment against SARS-CoV-2. The researchers discovered that gallinamide A and synthetic analogues are potent inhibitors of cathepsin L, showing promising antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. The combination with a TMPRSS2 inhibitor further enhances the antiviral effect.
JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bo Meng et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 has a higher affinity for ACE2 and can evade neutralizing antibodies more effectively compared to the Delta variant. A third dose of mRNA vaccine can provide enhanced protection. Omicron has lower replication in lung and gut cells and less efficiently cleaves its spike protein compared to Delta.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Huiping Shuai et al.
Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 shows reduced replication ability in human cells and attenuated pathogenicity in mice compared with the wild-type strain and other variants. It has lower efficiency in using TMPRSS2 and causes the lowest reduction in body weight and mortality rate among the tested strains.
Review
Cell Biology
Cody B. Jackson et al.
Summary: The entry of SARS-CoV-2 into host cells is facilitated by the interaction between the viral spike protein and ACE2, leading to virus-cell membrane fusion, which has been extensively studied at the structural and cellular levels worldwide. This understanding has paved the way for the development of effective vaccines in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the infection with SARS-CoV-2.
NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Marcela Salazar-Garcia et al.
Summary: This article introduces the method of using pseudotyped virus VSV-SARS-CoV-2 S for research and testing. Pseudovirus can be handled in a BSL-2 laboratory and is suitable for neutralizing antibody assays and viral fusion-focused treatment analysis.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Rajat Desikan et al.
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a severe impact on global health systems and economies. Efforts are underway to improve vaccine efficacy, optimize deployment, and develop new antiviral therapies. Mechanistic viral dynamics and pharmacology models have played a key role in advancing our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants, as well as the effectiveness of treatments and vaccines.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Moza Mohamed Alzaabi et al.
Summary: Flavonoids have shown potential inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 and significant immunomodulatory effects, making them a promising option for protection against COVID-19. These compounds may reduce viral activity by targeting essential viral proteins involved in virus entry and replication, while also mitigating inflammatory responses and promoting lipid metabolism in COVID-19 cases.
PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Yuling Han et al.
Summary: Organoid models provide a powerful tool for studying COVID-19, including SARS-CoV-2 tropism, host response, drug discovery, and vaccine development. However, there are remaining challenges and unmet needs in the context of SARS-CoV-2 research using organoid technology.
Review
Microbiology
Mart M. Lamers et al.
Summary: This Review explores the recent clinical and experimental advancements in understanding the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2, its interactions with host cells, and the role of the immune system in the development of severe disease, with a focus on the mechanisms underlying COVID-19-associated ARDS. The findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 can infect the lower respiratory tract, causing alveolar damage and dysfunctional immune responses, leading to inflammation and immunopathology. These insights may contribute to the development of new therapeutic interventions against COVID-19.
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gang Ye et al.
Summary: The omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 has a stable open conformation of the spike protein, making it more efficient in cell entry and immune evasion compared to previous variants.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Jiajie Zhu et al.
Summary: This paper discusses the progress of peptidomimetic inhibitors targeting SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro and briefly discusses the effects of small-molecule compounds with antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties on 3CLpro.
DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Anoop Narayanan et al.
Summary: In this study, a screening strategy for antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2 was developed, which involves in-cell protease assay, antiviral and biochemical activity assessments, as well as structural determinations. Several protease inhibitors with low cytotoxicity were identified and their mechanisms of action were examined.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Yan Zhao et al.
Summary: COVID-19, caused by SARS-COV-2, poses a severe threat to human health and continues to spread globally. Drug screening research has identified natural active products that can target critical proteins of the virus and display inhibitory effects. Some natural products also show immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties in clinical trials. However, further evaluation and research are needed to confirm their effects on COVID-19.
PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Manish Kumar Tripathi et al.
Summary: The study evaluated the potential of natural chemical constituents of Ashwagandha against SARS-CoV-2, identifying four components with strong binding affinity and stability as potential inhibitors against the main protease. This suggests a new direction for the application of Ashwagandha, which may have antiviral effects against COVID-19 and nCoV.
JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Ben Hu et al.
Summary: This review summarizes the research progress on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, including virology characteristics, pathogenesis, and recent advances in treatment methods. Furthermore, it discusses in detail the potential wildlife hosts and zoonotic origin of this emerging virus.
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Plant Sciences
Julia Solnier et al.
Summary: COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has posed a major global health threat with limited therapeutic options. Flavonoids from natural compounds have shown potential in fighting human CoVs, making them promising candidates for antiviral therapy.
PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS
(2021)
Review
Plant Sciences
Mitchell P. Christy et al.
Summary: This review provides fundamental information on three families of RNA viruses: Coronaviridae, Flaviviridae, and Filoviridae. It highlights the lack of effective medications currently available to treat these virus families and explores potential natural product-based therapeutic strategies.
JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yue-Yu Gu et al.
Summary: Quercetin may be a novel therapeutic agent for COVID-19-induced AKI, protecting the kidney from SARS-CoV-2 injury by inhibiting the activation of inflammatory and cell apoptosis-related signaling pathways.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ridhima Kaul et al.
Summary: This review summarizes the activities and structure-activity relationships of flavonoids in combating SARS-CoV-2 from in vitro studies to clinical research. The study found that flavonoids such as quercetin and myricetin derivatives, baicalein, baicalin, EGCG, and tannic acid show promising activities against SARS-CoV-2.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bariaa A. Khalil et al.
Summary: Chemokines play a crucial role in the immune response by clearing pathogens, but their excessive release can lead to hyperinflammation and severe complications. In COVID-19, chemokines may directly cause acute respiratory distress syndrome, increasing the risk of death. Understanding the role of chemokines in COVID-19 pathogenesis is important for developing potential therapeutic targets.
COMPUTATIONAL AND STRUCTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Xi Xie et al.
Summary: A new bafilomycin derivative and known bafilomycins isolated from Streptomyces sp. HTL16 showed potent antiviral activities against influenza A and SARS-CoV-2 viruses by inhibiting endosomal ATP-driven proton pumps, with IC50 values in the nanomolar range.
JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Yu-Ting Li et al.
Summary: A new axial chiral binaphtoquinone and a new perylenequinone were isolated from the stromata of Hypocrella bambusae and showed inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 infection. These compounds were found to potentially bind with the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 S protein, indicating their potential as entry inhibitors for the virus.
JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS
(2021)
News Item
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Kevin Bugin et al.
NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kris M. White et al.
Summary: The study revealed that plitidepsin possesses potent antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, more effective than the approved drug remdesivir. By inhibiting the eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1A, plitidepsin can significantly reduce viral replication of SARS-CoV-2 in the lungs of mice, making it a promising candidate for COVID-19 treatment.
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Shashi Kant Tiwari et al.
Summary: Researchers generated iPSC-derived lung and brain organoids, finding that lung organoids are highly permissive to SARS-CoV-2 infection, while brain organoids are less susceptible. These findings will aid in understanding the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and drug discovery.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Xinping Fu et al.
Summary: The virus neutralization assay measures the ability of antibodies in patient sera to prevent virus infection of cells. SARS-CoV-2 is classified as a risk group 3 pathogen, requiring neutralization assay with live virus to be handled in a biosafety level 3 lab. Pseudotyped viruses have been developed as an alternative due to the low virus yield issue encountered during production of pseudotyped virus with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.
MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Yingzhuan Zhan et al.
Summary: The cases and deaths of COVID-19 are still rising globally, with no effective treatment available yet, but vaccines and antiviral drugs are in development. Seabuckthorn and its flavonoid compounds quercetin and isorhamnetin have shown potential in preventing viral infections by targeting ACE2, which is the receptor for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
DRUG DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Krishnaprasad Baby et al.
Summary: This study explores drug repurposing for COVID-19 by targeting TMPRSS2 and ACE2, identifying potential entry inhibitors. Among the FDA-approved drugs screened, lopinavir and valrubicin show superior dual inhibition properties, with the potential to prevent SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed for clinical exploration of these drugs.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Letter
Cell Biology
Ting Wang et al.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Lisa Henss et al.
Summary: EGCG showed antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 by blocking virus entry and inhibiting infections, suggesting it could be a lead structure for developing more effective anti-COVID-19 drugs.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Khanit Sa-ngiamsuntorn et al.
Summary: This study investigated the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of Andrographis paniculata extract and andrographolide in human lung epithelial cells, showing that they significantly inhibited the production of infectious virions with low cytotoxicity. These findings suggest that A. paniculata and andrographolide have potential as monotherapy or in combination with other drugs against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Johannes C. Melms et al.
Summary: Single-nucleus RNA sequencing of lung tissues from individuals who died of COVID-19 revealed a highly inflamed lung environment with impaired T cell responses and failed transition of alveolar type 2 cells. Additionally, expansion of pathological fibroblasts contributing to rapidly ensuing pulmonary fibrosis in COVID-19 was identified as a unique feature compared to other causes of pneumonia.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yize Li et al.
Summary: Coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, are skilled at evading host antiviral pathways but the extent to which SARS-CoV-2 activates or antagonizes these pathways is relatively unknown. SARS-CoV-2 infects various cell types without strong activation of IFN or OAS-RNase L, while PKR activation is evident. Unlike other coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 does not effectively inhibit host defense pathways, but shows a generally weak IFN signaling response, contributing to its unique pathogenesis.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Jelte van der Vaart et al.
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the necessity of developing effective treatments against emerging viruses. Collaborations between cell biologists and virologists have rapidly advanced representative organoid model systems, particularly lung organoids, for studying SARS-CoV-2 and future pandemic viruses, paving the way for effective treatments.
DISEASE MODELS & MECHANISMS
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Kevin G. Chen et al.
Summary: Complex organoids play important roles in studying SARS-CoV-2 infection, modeling COVID-19 pathology, and developing drugs, antibodies, and vaccines. There are significant opportunities and challenges in the application of organoids in COVID-19 research.
NATURE CELL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
William T. Harvey et al.
Summary: The evolution of SARS-CoV-2 has been characterized by the emergence of mutations and variants that impact virus characteristics. Manufacturers are preparing for possible updates to vaccines in response to changes in the virus population, and it is crucial to monitor genetic and antigenic changes alongside experiments to understand the impacts of mutations.
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Woo Dae Jang et al.
Summary: The study team successfully identified 15 and 23 potential repurposed drugs for COVID-19 from 6,218 approved and clinical trial drugs, with seven of them showing the ability to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in Vero cells. Additionally, three drug combinations exhibited strong synergistic effects in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2, improving antiviral efficacy and reducing the risk of drug toxicity.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Daman Reynolds et al.
Summary: Viruses are non-living obligate parasites that manipulate cellular machinery to replicate, causing harmful effects. The global spread of diseases, highlighted by COVID-19, calls for innovative responses and the development of accessible, cost-effective antiviral drugs to combat infections. Natural compounds, particularly those derived from algae, show promise in providing diverse mechanisms for potential lifesaving medications.
ALGAL RESEARCH-BIOMASS BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS
(2021)
Article
Biology
Courtney Tindle et al.
Summary: A human lung model of COVID-19 has been validated, which can be used immediately to investigate COVID-19 pathogenesis and test new therapies and vaccines. The study was supported by various grants from the National Institutes of Health and other organizations, and the data was generated using advanced technology purchased with funding from NIH.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Amalio Telenti et al.
Summary: This article discusses the future patterns of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the development of variants, and the implications for vaccine deployment. It suggests that the virus may become endemic fueled by pockets of susceptible individuals and waning immunity. Effective surveillance and response are crucial to prevent new epidemic or pandemic patterns.
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