Peripheral precocious puberty in Li-Fraumeni syndrome: a case report and literature review of pure androgen-secreting adrenocortical tumors

IntroductionPure androgen-secreting adrenocortical tumors are a rare but important cause of peripheral precocious puberty.Case presentationHere, we report a pure androgen-secreting adrenocortical tumor in a 2.5-year-old boy presenting with penile enlargement, pubic hair, frequent erections, and rapid linear growth. We confirmed the diagnosis through laboratory tests, medical imaging, and histology. Furthermore, genetic testing detected a pathogenic germline variant in the TP53 gene, molecularly confirming underlying Li-Fraumeni syndrome.DiscussionOnly 15 well-documented cases of pure androgen-secreting adrenocortical tumors have been reported so far. No clinical or imaging signs were identified to differentiate adenomas from carcinomas, and no other cases of Li-Fraumeni syndrome were diagnosed in the four patients that underwent genetic testing. However, diagnosing Li-Fraumeni syndrome is important as it implies a need for intensive tumor surveillance and avoidance of ionizing radiation.ConclusionIn this article, we emphasize the need to screen for TP53 gene variants in children with androgen-producing adrenal adenomas and report an association with arterial hypertension.

Automated summary

We present a case of a 2.5-year-old boy with a pure androgen-secreting adrenocortical tumor, characterized by penile enlargement, pubic hair, frequent erections, and rapid linear growth. The diagnosis was confirmed through laboratory tests, medical imaging, and histology. Additionally, genetic testing revealed a pathogenic germline variant in the TP53 gene, confirming an underlying Li-Fraumeni syndrome.