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Letter
Infectious Diseases
Ryuta Uraki et al.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Kuldeep Dhama et al.
Summary: Newly emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2 continuously pose global public health concerns and can lead to waves of COVID-19 pandemic. These variants can spread quickly across countries, cause severe disease and reduce the efficacy of current vaccines and immunotherapies. The Omicron variant, first identified in South Africa, is currently the only variant of interest. This review provides an overview of SARS-CoV-2 variants, with a focus on the Omicron variant, its lineages, and hybrid variants. The challenges and strategies to counter the Omicron variant amid the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic are also discussed.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Queenie Fernandes et al.
Summary: The emergence of novel and evolving variants of SARS-CoV-2 has created the need for newer and more adaptive diagnostic methods. However, developing rapid and sensitive diagnostic technologies has become more challenging due to emerging variants and varying symptoms. Vaccines and drugs are essential for prevention and protection, and constant development is underway. This review discusses the challenges posed by novel variants and the evolution of diagnostic techniques, as well as the development, mechanisms, advantages, and drawbacks of vaccines and drugs and their immunological impact.
ANNALS OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wanwisa Dejnirattisai et al.
Summary: On November 24, 2021, the sequence of a new SARS-CoV-2 variant, Omicron-B.1.1.529, was announced. Compared to previous variants, Omicron has a higher number of mutations in the Spike (S) protein. Serum neutralization of Omicron by individuals vaccinated or previously infected with Alpha, Beta, Gamma, or Delta variants is significantly reduced or ineffective. Third vaccine doses can boost neutralization titers against Omicron, and high titers are observed in both vaccinated individuals and those infected with the Delta variant. Most potent monoclonal antibodies and antibodies under development are unable to effectively neutralize Omicron due to mutations in its Spike protein. Omicron has structural changes compared to earlier viruses and utilizes mutations that enhance its binding to ACE2, allowing for immune escape. This results in a large number of mutations in the ACE2 binding site and a rebalancing of receptor affinity similar to earlier pandemic viruses.
Article
Virology
Mahmoud Kandeel et al.
Summary: The study investigates the evolutionary relationships and similarities between the Omicron variant and other SARS-CoV-2 variants, finding that the Omicron variant forms a new monophyletic clade distant from other variants.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Virology
Vikram Thakur et al.
Summary: The emergence of the OMICRON variant of SARS-CoV-2 has become a global concern, spreading to over 77 countries and sparking hypotheses about its origins and infectivity. The detection of mutations in the Spike protein's RBD region is concerning, as it may surpass vaccine immunity.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Suresh Kumar et al.
Summary: The emergence of the new SARS-CoV-2 variant, Omicron, has raised concerns due to its potential high affinity for human ACE2, indicating a higher transmission potential. Compared to the Delta variant, Omicron has a significantly different amino acid composition and protein structure, which may affect its stability and ACE2 binding.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Shailendra K. Saxena et al.
Summary: Omicron is the latest variant of concern of SARS-CoV-2, with more mutations compared to the previous Delta variant. Fifteen of these mutations are located in the receptor-binding domain of the spike glycoprotein, which may affect transmissibility, infectivity, antibody neutralization, and vaccine efficacy. The study provides insights into the mutational hotspots of Omicron and its global impact on transmission, testing, and immunity.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
News Item
Critical Care Medicine
Talha Khan Burki
LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2022)
Editorial Material
Anesthesiology
Valentine Marie Ferre et al.
ANAESTHESIA CRITICAL CARE & PAIN MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Eman Alefishat et al.
Summary: This article discusses the heterogeneous phenotypes among COVID-19 patients and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants on immune responses. The article points out that the ability of the SARS-CoV-2 strain and new emerging variants to antagonize IFN-mediated antiviral responses can lead to higher early viral load, higher transmissibility, and milder symptoms. Among the circulating variants of SARS-CoV-2, there are some variants of concern that have the potential to evade immune responses.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jiahui Chen et al.
Summary: The BA.2 subvariant of the Omicron variant shows increased infectivity and vaccine escape capability, making it likely to become the next dominant variant and posing a serious threat to existing monoclonal antibodies.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Carissa Wong
Article
Immunology
Juan Shi et al.
Summary: This study evaluated the neutralizing activity and protection provided by a BA1-S subunit vaccine in combination with or as a booster dose after administration of wild-type S protein. The results showed that the vaccine elicited high levels of neutralizing antibodies and provided protection against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants and related coronaviruses. This provides useful guidance for developing effective vaccines to control the COVID-19 pandemic.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Catherine J. Reynolds et al.
Summary: This study investigated the immune response of triple BioNTech BNT162b2 mRNA-vaccinated healthcare workers to the B.1.1.529 variant. It was found that individuals vaccinated with three doses showed enhanced immunity against previous variants, but reduced immune response to B.1.1.529. Individuals previously infected with other variants showed enhanced immunity against earlier variants, but reduced immune response to B.1.1.529.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Ranjan K. Mohapatra et al.
Summary: The emergence of new variants of SARS-CoV-2, including the Omicron variant, has raised significant global concerns. Omicron has spread rapidly worldwide and its high mutation rate raises questions about the effectiveness of existing vaccines and antibodies. Booster vaccinations using different vaccine platforms are being emphasized to address these concerns. Research is ongoing to evaluate the effectiveness and durability of booster COVID-19 vaccination against Omicron and other variants.
HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Travis Ren Teen Chia et al.
Summary: Omicron, the latest variant of concern, has high infection rates in individuals with vaccine and/or infection-induced immunity. Vaccinations and boosters play a crucial role in reducing disease severity, hospitalization, and death. Future vaccines may provide broader and longer-lasting protection.
ANNALS ACADEMY OF MEDICINE SINGAPORE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Junxian Ou et al.
Summary: This study identifies multiple recombination events between Omicron variants and other variants of concern, suggesting the important roles of co-infection and genome recombination in the ongoing evolution of SARS-CoV-2. The study also characterizes core mutations of Omicron subvariants and their associations with other variants. Additionally, recombination events between Omicron and Delta variants are observed.
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY
(2022)
Letter
Microbiology
Cecilia Acuti Martellucci et al.
ANNALS OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND ANTIMICROBIALS
(2020)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Vijaya Anand Arumugam et al.
JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
(2020)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Ali A. Rabaan et al.
HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS
(2020)
