Edward D. Goldberg's proposal of the Mussel Watch: Reflections after 40 years

We chronicle the extensive influence over the past forty years of Professor Edward D. Goldberg and his call in 1975 for a Mussel Watch or bivalve sentinel organism approach to assess geographic status and temporal trends of several chemicals of environmental concern in the coastal ocean. Examples of local, regional, national and international programs are discussed briefly as are examples of interesting useful findings and limitations to the Mussel Watch concept. Mussel Watch continues to provide useful data about status and trends of chemical contamination in coastal ecosystems. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.