Advances of Imidazolium Ionic Liquids for the Extraction of Phytochemicals from Plants

In this review, we present the research from 2013 to 2022 about the character of ionic liquids, the categories of phytochemicals, and the reasons for selecting imidazolium ionic liquids for phytochemical extraction. Then we introduce the structural formulae of the imidazolium ionic liquids commonly used in the extraction of phytochemicals, the methods used to prepare imidazolium ionic liquids, and a comprehensive introduction of how imidazolium ionic liquids are applied to extract phytochemicals from plants. Importantly, we discuss the strategies for studying the extraction mechanisms of imidazolium ionic liquids to extract phytochemicals, and the recovery methods regarding imidazolium ionic liquids and their recyclability are analyzed. Then the toxicity in imidazolium ionic liquids is pointed out. Finally, the challenges and prospects of extracting phytochemicals by imidazolium ionic liquids are summarized, and they are expected to provide some references for researchers.

Automated summary

In this review, the research from 2013 to 2022 regarding the character of ionic liquids, categories of phytochemicals, and the use of imidazolium ionic liquids for phytochemical extraction is presented. The structural formulae and preparation methods of commonly used imidazolium ionic liquids are introduced, along with their application in extracting phytochemicals from plants. The extraction mechanisms, recovery methods, and toxicity of imidazolium ionic liquids are discussed, followed by a summary of the challenges and prospects of using them for phytochemical extraction.