Maternal Infection and Preterm Birth: From Molecular Basis to Clinical Implications

As the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, preterm birth is recognized as a major public health concern around the world. The purpose of this review is to analyze the connection between infections and premature birth. Spontaneous preterm birth is commonly associated with intrauterine infection/inflammation. The overproduction of prostaglandins caused by the inflammation associated with an infection could lead to uterine contractions, contributing to preterm delivery. Many pathogens, particularly Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, Gardnerella vaginalis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis, Actinomyces, Candida spp., and Streptococcus spp. have been related with premature delivery, chorioamnionitis, and sepsis of the neonate. Further research regarding the prevention of preterm delivery is required in order to develop effective preventive methods with the aim of reducing neonatal morbidity.

Automated summary

Preterm birth, a major public health concern worldwide, is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. This review analyzes the association between infections and premature birth. Intrauterine infection/inflammation is commonly associated with spontaneous preterm birth. Inflammation-induced overproduction of prostaglandins can lead to uterine contractions and contribute to preterm delivery. Various pathogens, including Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, Gardnerella vaginalis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis, Actinomyces, Candida spp., and Streptococcus spp., have been implicated in premature delivery, chorioamnionitis, and neonatal sepsis. Further research is needed to develop effective preventive methods and reduce neonatal morbidity.