☆ 4.4 Review

Adverse events following COVID-19 mRNA vaccines: A systematic review of cardiovascular complication, thrombosis, and thrombocytopenia

IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE (2023)

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Adverse rare events to vaccines for COVID-19: From hypersensitivity reactions to thrombosis and thrombocytopenia

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Summary: The development of vaccines for COVID-19 began at the start of the pandemic and four vaccines have been authorized by international agencies. These vaccines have shown a significant decrease in infections and deaths, but rare adverse events have also been reported.

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Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) and Cardiovascular Complications

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Review Pediatrics

Myocarditis and Pericarditis Following mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination: What Do We Know So Far?

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Summary: This cross-sectional study of 29 cases of acute myopericarditis following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination found that chest pain was the most common symptom, occurring within 1-5 days. All patients had elevated troponin levels, with most recovering within 1-3 weeks. Treatment mainly involved non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, with some patients receiving intravenous immune globulin and corticosteroids.

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Cardiovascular Adverse Events Reported from COVID-19 Vaccines: A Study Based on WHO Database

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International Journal of General Medicine (2021)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Hospital-based observational study of neurological disorders in patients recently vaccinated with COVID-19 mRNA vaccines

Jasmine Shimin Koh et al.

Summary: The study conducted in seven acute hospitals in Singapore described the spectrum of acute neurological disorders in hospitalized patients following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. The observed disorders included CNS syndromes, cerebrovascular disorders, PNS disorders, and ISRRs, with no obvious signal of serious neurological morbidity associated with mRNA vaccination.

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Neurological complications after first dose of COVID-19 vaccines and SARS-CoV-2 infection

Martina Patone et al.

Summary: Emerging reports of rare neurological complications associated with COVID-19 infection and vaccinations are leading to concerns in regulatory, clinical, and public health sectors. A self-controlled case series study in England showed an increased risk of rare neurological complications following COVID-19 vaccination and infection. The study highlighted a higher risk of Guillain-Barre syndrome after ChAdOx1nCoV-19 vaccination.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Myocarditis after Covid-19 Vaccination in a Large Health Care Organization

Guy Witberg et al.

Summary: Among 2.5 million patients who received the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in a large Israeli health care system, the incidence of myocarditis at 42 days was 2.13 cases per 100,000 persons, with the highest incidence (10.69 per 100,000 persons) among male patients between the ages of 16 and 29 years. Most cases of myocarditis were mild or moderate.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Acute Myocarditis Following COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in Adults Aged 18 Years or Older

Anthony Simone et al.

JAMA INTERNAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Post-mortem findings in vaccine-induced thrombotic thombocytopenia

Cristoforo Pomara et al.

HAEMATOLOGICA (2021)

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Review Immunology

Autoimmunity roots of the thrombotic events after COVID-19 vaccination

Fatma Elrashdy et al.

Summary: Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) can be triggered by certain types of vaccines, with the main pathogenic mechanisms still unclear but likely involving interactions between host and vaccine factors, with some of the pathology related to the vaccine-triggered autoimmune reaction.

AUTOIMMUNITY REVIEWS (2021)

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Myocarditis With COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines

Biykem Bozkurt et al.

Summary: Myocarditis is a rare complication of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, predominantly affecting young adult and adolescent males, with most patients showing improvement in symptoms. Possible mechanisms include molecular mimicry between viral proteins and self-antigens, dysregulated immune pathways, immune response to mRNA, and dysregulated cytokine expression.

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Surveillance for Adverse Events After COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination

Nicola P. Klein et al.

Summary: This study conducted interim analysis of safety surveillance data of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines and found that the incidence of selected serious outcomes within 1-21 days post-vaccination was not significantly higher compared with 22-42 days post-vaccination. Surveillance is ongoing despite wide confidence intervals for many outcomes.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2021)

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Editorial Material Clinical Neurology

Ischaemic stroke can follow COVID-19 vaccination but is much more common with COVID-19 infection itself

Hugh S. Markus

Summary: Receiving COVID-19 vaccines may lead to vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopaenia (VITT), resulting in thrombotic complications such as ischemic stroke and cerebral venous thrombosis.

JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY (2021)

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Letter Clinical Neurology

Ischaemic stroke as a presenting feature of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia

Talal Al-Mayhani et al.

JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY (2021)

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A comprehensive analysis of the efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines

Changjing Cai et al.

Summary: The numbers of COVID-19 cases and deaths are increasing, with vaccine efficacy exceeding 70% and RNA-based vaccines being the most effective at 94.29%. The most common vaccine-related adverse reactions are pain, fatigue, and headache, with most reactions being mild, although severe reactions such as thromboembolic events have been identified.

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Safety of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine in a Nationwide Setting

Noam Barda et al.

Summary: The study found that after receiving the BNT162b2 vaccine, most adverse events were not associated with an increased risk, although there was a slight increase in the risk of myocarditis. On the other hand, infection with the Covid-19 virus significantly increased the risk of many serious adverse events.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Editorial Material Immunology

The Novel Platform of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines and Myocarditis: Clues into the Potential Mechanism

George Lazaros et al.

VACCINE (2021)

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Review Environmental Sciences

What Demographic, Social, and Contextual Factors Influence the Intention to Use COVID-19 Vaccines: A Scoping Review

Bara' Abdallah AlShurman et al.

Summary: This study reviewed a total of 48 articles to reveal the prevalence and related factors of intention to receive COVID-19 vaccines. Age, gender, education level, vaccine safety and effectiveness were the most important factors influencing the intention to get vaccinated. The majority of studies indicated a relatively high prevalence of intention to receive COVID-19 vaccines.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH (2021)

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Letter Immunology

Could Sars-coronavirus-2 trigger autoimmune and/or autoinflammatory mechanisms in genetically predisposed subjects?

Francesco Caso et al.

AUTOIMMUNITY REVIEWS (2020)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Vaccine hesitancy: the next challenge in the fight against COVID-19

Amiel A. Dror et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY (2020)

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Review Immunology

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) associated with vaccinations: a review of reported cases

Carlo Perricone et al.

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Immune thrombocytopaenic purpura: an autoimmune cross-link between infections and vaccines

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